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6,175 results for “Composite”
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Stream biofilm bacterial community composition
The Baltimore Ecosystem Study stream biofilm bacterial community composition was obtained from 8 long-term sampling network sites in and near the Gwynns Falls watershed to examine how bacterial communities differ along an urban-rural gradient. Sampling was conducted at the same time as stream chemistry sampling on 18 June 2014 and 21 Oct 2014. Note: biofilm samples were taken about 50 meters east from the Carroll Park monitoring station, just under the I95 highway overpass, due to high water depth, high water flow, and lack of rock substrates for sampling. This dataset presents the number of sequences matching the taxonomic classifications in a reference database of 16S rRNA genes. See the full metadata record for detailed methods.
Total tree ring widths, earlywood ring widths, latewood ring widths, and stable carbon isotope composition of tree rings from 1979-2003 for 18 trees (3 trees/site for 6 sites) located in the 2004 burn along the Steese Highway.
This dataset contains annual raw ring width measurements, earlywood width, latewood width, and annual stable carbon isotope composition from 1979-2003 for 18 trees. A total of 6 sites were sampled. Ring widths were measured using WinDendro (resolution 0.001 mm) on two radii per stem disk collected 1.3 m along stem. Data is the average of the two radii measurments in each year for each tree. Accuracy of ring width dates were checked by crossdating using COFECHA. We manually separated annual rings from the outer twenty-five years
Vegetation composition for 84 sites in the Regional Site Network, compilation from previous surveys.
Many sites in the LTER regional site network (RSN) were adopted from preexisting site networks. Prior to becoming a part of the RSN, releve surveys were conducted at or near the current RSN site using the Braun-Bluanquet cover estimate scale. These data have been compiled for use as a baseline. It is important to note that many of the young successional sites were last surveyed in 2006, 2 years after fire.
Ectomycorrhizal community composition associated with Nothofagus pumilio seedlings harvested from Variable Retention treatments at Los Cerros Ranch, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.
This dataset contains data on Nothofagus pumilio seedlings sampled from a Variable Retention (VR) managed forest in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina seven years after harvesting. We evaluated the effects of a VR timber management system on the EMF community associated with N. pumilio seedlings. We quantified the abundance, composition, and diversity of EMF across aggregate (AR) and dispersed retention (DR) sites within a VR managed area and compared them to primary forest (PF) stands. EMF assemblage and taxonomic identities were determined by ITS-rDNA sequencing of individual root tips sampled from 280 seedlings across three landscape replicates of each VR treatment. To better understand seedling performance, we tested the relationships between fungal colonization, fungal taxonomic composition, seedling biomass, and VR treatment across our study sites. This data was collected as a comparative component to a larger project understanding the effect of mycorrizhae on seedling success after various disturbances such as logging and fire that was ongoing at the Bonanza Creek LTER and other arctic locations.
Plant aboveground biomass data: Natural Enemies, Plant Diversity and Plant Community Composition
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in a subset of plots within the Big Biodiversity field, including monoculture, 2-species, 4-species, 8-species, 16-species, and 32-species plots. There are 5 different treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, the combination of all pesticides, and nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant aboveground biomass data: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Plant aboveground biomass data: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
Instantenous rates of ecosystem carbon fluxes: The influence of natural enemies on plant community composition and productivity
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the influences of natural enemies, including plant pathogenic fungi and insect pests, influence plant community composition, productivity, and diversity over time. The experiment is being conducted in an old field that is burned every other year. Within the old field, there are 8 blocks, and within each block there are 6 treatments: foliar fungicide, soil drench fungicide, foliar insecticide, mammal exclosure, the combination of all enemy suppression tactics (pesticides and mammal exclosure), and a nontreated control. The pesticides are applied repeatedly throughout the growing season. Within the plots, community productivity, species composition, percent cover, and pest damage are being quantified over time.
KKE03 The Konza-Kruger Experiment: Kruger species composition (2006-2010)
The distribution, structure and function of mesic savanna grasslands are strongly driven by fire regimes, grazing by large herbivores, and their interactions. This research addresses a general question about our understanding of savanna grasslands globally: Is our knowledge of fire and grazing sufficiently general to enable us to make accurate predictions of how these ecosystems will respond to changes in these drivers over time? Some evidence suggests that fire and grazing influence savanna grassland structure and function differently in South Africa (SA) compared to North America (NA). These differences have been attributed to the contingent factors of greater biome age, longer evolutionary history with fire and grazing, reduced soil fertility, and greater diversity of plants and large herbivores in SA. An alternative hypothesis is that differences in methods and approaches used to study these systems have led to differing perspectives on the role of these drivers. If the impacts of shared ecosystem drivers truly differ between NA and SA, this calls into question the generality of our understanding of these ecosystems and our ability to forecast how changes in key drivers will affect savanna grasslands globally. Since 2006, an explicitly comparative research program has been conducted to determine the degree of convergence in ecosystem (productivity, N and C cycling) and plant community (composition, diversity, dynamics) responses to fire and grazing in SA and NA. Thus far, initial support has been found for convergence at the ecosystem level and divergence at the community level in response to alterations in both fire regimes and grazing. However, there have also been two unexpected findings (1) the ways in which fire and grazing interact differed between NA and SA, and (2) the rate of change in communities when grazers were removed was much greater in NA than in SA. These unexpected findings raise a number of important new questions: (Q1) Will exclusion of grazi
PEW01 Plant species composition and edaphic properties in wallow and non-wallow plots at Konza Prairie
Bison wallows—bare depressions formed by repeated trampling and dust-bathing—introduce fine-scale heterogeneity to tallgrass prairie soils and plant communities. We compared plant communities and edaphic properties of wallows to adjacent non-wallow plots and cattle-grazed plots. Wallows had reduced organic matter and nitrogen but elevated clay and sodium. Non-fenced wallows had lower plant species richness than fenced wallows and all non-wallows. However, wallows supported distinct plant communities, including wetland species in temporary pools. While bison-grazed areas generally had higher plant diversity, wallows added localized variation not found in cattle or fenced plots. Our results suggest wallows function as small-scale ecosystem engineering features, shaping soil conditions and plant composition.
Chlorophyll and phytoplankton composition climatological data on the Northwest Atlantic Shelf from 1978 to 2014: post-processed model data
This dataset includes 8-day composite of surface chlorophyll and bimonthly phytoplankton size composition climatological results on the Northwest Atlantic Shelf from the Gulf of Maine to the Mid-Atlantic Bight based on the physical-biological coupled model results from 1978 to 2014. Two size classes, small phytoplankton (SP) and large phytoplankton (LP), are provided. For more details please see: Zhengchen Zang, Rubao Ji, Zhixuan Feng, Changsheng Chen, Siqi Li, and Cabell S Davis (2021) Spatially varying phytoplankton seasonality on the Northwest Atlantic Shelf: a model-based assessment of patterns, drivers, and implications. ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 78, Issue 5, 1920-1934, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsab102.
N fertilization experiment plant species composition data for north of the saddle from 2011 to ongoing, yearly
In August 2010, N fertilization plots were established over a gradient of Geum rossii (Aco) and Deschampsia caespitosa (Des) cover in an area of moist-wet meadow alpine tundra north of the Saddle on Niwot Ridge. A total of 20 plots were set up, with 1X-10X being control plots where no nitrogen (N) was added, and 1N-10N being fertilization plots where N was added. Control and fertilized plots were paired so that pairs had the same percent cover of Aco and Des. Initially in 2010, N addition plots were fertilized at a rate of 28.8 g N x m^2 x yr^-1 (72 g of slow-release Osmocote (40-0-0)). In 2011 fertilization rate was reduced to N x m^2 x yr^-1 (25 g Osmocote (2011-2013), Duration Urea 120, 40-0-0, SGN 150 (2014-on).
Elevation gradient plant species composition data for A1, B1, C1, D1, 1953 - 1996.
Plant species presence and abundance (Kooiman and Korb data) were recorded at four stands along an elevational gradient in the Front Range of Colorado. Each stand location was determined by Dr. John Marr. The Marr species data were recorded from at least 12 3ft x 3ft plots located in the corners of his 66ft x 66ft tree quadrats. Only species presence was recorded, not abundance. The Kooiman and Lindhart as well as the Korb data were collected from 50 85cm x 100cm plots which were systematically located within a sampling strip measuring 2m x 100m. Plots were located every two meters alternating left and right of the sampling strip. Species present in the strip but not in the plots were recorded by Kooiman as well as Korb. Species names in this data set are from Weber and Wittman 1996; the Marr and Kooiman datasets were updated using Weber and Wittman's list.
Aboveground net primary productivity, species composition and species richness data for NutNet site, 2007 - 2017
In 2007, a NutNet (http://www.nutnet.umn.edu/) site was established in a dry meadow site east of T-van on Niwot Ridge to assess multiple resource limitation on alpine grassland productivity and species composition. Nutrient treatments were added every other year starting in 2008. Treatments consisted of eight levels of nutrient addition (control, N, P, micro, N+P, N+micro, P+micro, and N+P+micro), replicated across four blocks. Untreated controls and all-nutrient treatments were replicated twice within each block for a total of 40 experiment plots. Starting in 2016, Potassium (K) was added as potash (K2SO4) to plots treated with micronutrients. Baseline data on above-ground biomass was sampled in 2007, prior to fertilizer application. Biomass clipping was repeated in 2013 and species composition measured in 2013 and 2017.
Plant species composition data for Martinelli slope, 1988 - 1997.
Permanent plots were established on the Martinelli slope in 1987. The 25 plots are organized in a Latin square design consisting of 5 rows and 5 columns. Plots are numbered according to row and column, beginning with 11 at the northwest corner of the grid. Plot 55 is located at the southeast corner of the grid. Each plot has dimensions of 1.5 m x 2.0 m. The corners of each plot are marked with rebar stakes. Each plot is divided into an evenly spaced grid consisting of 15 x 20 points on each side, for a total of 300 points, with each point situated 10 cm from its nearest neighbors. Plant species composition was measured using the point-quadrat method every year. The point-quadrat method used was similar to that described by Auerbach (1992): The point-quadrat method was used for estimating canopy stratification and plant cover. Aluminum point-quadrat frames were 3m^2 in size, with double-layer filament spaced 10 cm apart to make a 145 x 195 cm grid for a total of 300 sample points per plot. Plant genus and species at the top and bottom of the canopy were recorded hits at each point. In addition, vegetation condition and hit quality were recorded for each of the data points.
2003 Prescribed Burn Effect on Chihuahuan Desert Grasses and Shrubs at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico: Species Composition Study (2004-2018)
Disturbance from fire can affect the abundance and distribution of shrubs and grasses in arid ecosystems. In particular, fire may increase grass and forb production while hindering shrub encroachment. Therefore, prescribed fires are a common management tool for maintaining grassland habitats in the southwest. However, Bouteloua eriopoda (black grama), a dominant species in Chihuahuan Desert grassland, is highly susceptible to fire resulting in death followed by slow recovery rates. A prescribed fire on the Sevilleta National Wildlife refuge in central New Mexico in 2003 provided the opportunity to study the effects of infrequent fires on vegetation in this region. This study was conducted along a transition zone where creosote bushes (Larrea tridentata) are encroaching on a black grama grassland. Before and after the fire, above ground plant productivity and composition were monitored from 2003 to present. Following the prescribed fire, there were fewer individual grass clumps and less above ground grass cover in burned areas compared to unburned areas. This decrease in productivity was primarily from a loss of B. eriopoda. Specifically, B. eriopoda density and cover were significantly lower following the fire with a slow recovery rate in the five years following the fire. Other grasses showed no such adverse response to burning. Data were collected from 2004-2013 and 2018. Data were not collected for 2014-2017.
Taxonomic Composition of Red Knot Fecal Samples on the Virginia Coast
Taxonomic Composition of Red Knot Fecal Samples on the Virginia Coast Understanding which prey birds use and how prey selection is related to prey availability is important to understanding avian ecology and for conservation planning. Abundant prey at stopovers during migration is a key to shorebird survival and breeding success. We determined which prey were available to foraging red knots (Calidris canutus rufa) using Virginia's barrier islands during spring migration by collecting substrate core samples containing prey on sand and peat substrates in May 2017 - 2019. We also collected red knot feces during the same period and used fecal DNA metabarcoding to determine which invertebrates red knots consumed. We used compositional analysis to determine which prey red knots selected on these islands. Crustaceans (Orders Amphipoda and Calanoida) were the most abundant prey on both sand and peat. Red knots consumed bivalves (Orders Venerida and Mytiloida), crustaceans (Orders Amphipoda and Calanoida), and insect larvae (Order Diptera). Red knots selected bivalves over non-bivalve prey, though non-bivalve prey may still be an important portion of the total caloric intake on Virginia's stopover, given their abundance and use. It is important that coastal conservation practices in the Western Mid-Atlantic stopover region continue to be designed to promote natural barrier island movement which leads to the formation of the peat banks used by many prey.
Major and trace bulk sample and micro-XRF geochemistry, carbon and oxygen stable isotope compositions of magmatic and sedimentary rocks from Hovedøya Island, Oslo fjord, Norway.
<p>This data set reports on the methodologies and results of geochemical analysis carried out on samples of magmatic rock, calcite and sedimentary rocks of Hovedoya Island, Oslo fjord, Norway, in the framework of the publication by Poppe et al. (2020; <em>Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems</em>; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008685">https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GC008685</a>). The major and trace element bulk sample geochemical analysis was carried at the Laboratoire G-Time, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels (V. Debaille), the micro-XRF mapping and line scanning, was carried out at the laboratory of the Analytical and Environmental Geo-Chemistry (AMGC) group at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels (N.J. de Winter, S. Poppe) and the stable isotope composition analysis was carried out as well at the AMGC laboratory (S. Poppe, S. Goderis), supervised by P. Claeys and M. Kervyn, in collaboration with P. Boulvias. Data sheets are provided in .csv or .xlsx format and compressed folders containing .TIF images of µXRF elemental maps are attached. This data set also contains the complete data sets obtained for the construction of calibration curves for µXRF line scan analysis of rock samples of magmatic composition at the AMGC laboratory at VUB.</p>
IODP Expedition 361 Carbonates composite report
<p>This composite report includes data from two analyses (total carbon from Elemental analysis [CHNS] and inorganic carbon from [Coulometer]). Each row combines the CHNS and Coulometer data from measurements made on the same sample at the same time for a particular section and section offset (depth). If data do not exist for a particular expedition, the column does not appear. To identify individual samples and tests, see each separate data type (Elemental analysis and Coulometer). If the same sample was measured multiple times by any of the methods, results in the report will be combined on one line where possible. Each additional replicate result will be shown in subsequent rows and will be combined where possible. Report includes results for carbon forms: total, inorganic, calcium carbonate, and organic by difference, along with total hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.</p>
IODP Expedition 361 Core composite images
<p>A digital composite image (PNG) is made for each core comprising core sections scanned using a line-scan camera. The composite layout is equivalent to traditional core table photos. Top left is top of core; color and meter rule references are included.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.