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FIGURE 5 in A new critically endangered slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua) from the Atewa Range, central Ghana

FIGURE 5. Conraua sagyimase sp. nov. male holotype (UWBM:Herp 5839) ventral views of throat and arms, right hand; and right foot. Scale = distance between two small strokes: 1 mm.

FIGURE 10 in A new critically endangered slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua) from the Atewa Range, central Ghana

FIGURE 10. Habitat from Conraua sagyimase sp. nov. in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, southern Ghana.

FIGURE 8. Inset shows a in A new critically endangered slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua) from the Atewa Range, central Ghana

FIGURE 8. Inset shows a map of West Africa showing the location of the Atewa Range in Ghana (upper left), known localities of Conraua sagyimase sp. nov. are shown in red and know localities of Conraua derooi in yellow. Stars indicate type localities. Altitudinal range is indicated with shading from lowlands (light) to high elevation (dark). Sources: OpenStreetMap (2020), U.S. Geological Survey (2020).

FIGURE 7 in A new critically endangered slippery frog (Amphibia, Conrauidae, Conraua) from the Atewa Range, central Ghana

FIGURE 7. Conraua sagyimase sp. nov. from the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, southern Ghana (photos by Alan Channing); specimen not collected.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Chromosome-level Reference Genome of the Critically Endangered Tree Kmeria septentrionalis

Kmeria septentrionalis, a critically endangered tree endemic to Guangxi in China and listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List, suffers from a lack of genetic information and a paucity of high-quality genome data. In our study, we construct and annotate a complete K. septentrionalis genome at the chromosome level, assess its quality, and contextualize it with the genomic data of other relative plants. The genome is measured at 2.57 Gb with a contig N50 of 11.93 Mb. Using Hi-C guided genome assembly, we assembled 496 out of the initial 705 raw contigs into 19 pseudochromosomes that have a scaffold N50 of 135.08 Mb. The assembled 2.54 Gb anchored genome has achieved 98.9% completeness, and contains 35,927 genes, of which 94.15% could be functional annotated.

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Nesting success and nesting height in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus pauper)

When different introduced species across trophic levels (ectoparasite, predator) invade island systems, they may pose significant threats to nesting birds. In this study, we measure nesting height and causes of offspring mortality in the critically endangered Medium Tree Finch (Camarhynchus pauper), an island endemic restricted to Floreana Island on the Galápagos archipelago. <a name="_Hlk86223834">Considering all nests at which a male built a nest, sang and attempted to attract a female (N = 222 nests), only 10.4% of nests produced fledglings (5% of nests had total fledging success, 5.4% of nests had partial fledging success). Of the 123 nests chosen by a female, 18.7% produced fledglings and of 337 eggs laid, 13.4% </a>produced fledglings. Pairing success was higher for older males, but male age did not predict nesting success. All nests with chicks were infested with Avian Vampire Fly larvae (Philornis downsi). We attributed the cause of death to Vampire Fly if chicks were found dead in the nest with fly larvae or pupae (45%) present. We inferred avian (either Asio flammeus galapagoensis or Crotophaga ani) predation (24%) if the nest was empty but dishevelled; and Black Rat (Rattus rattus) predation (20%) if the nest was empty but undamaged. According to these criteria, the highest nests were depredated by avian predators, the lowest nests by rats, and intermediate nests failed because of Vampire Fly larvae. In conclusion, there is no safe nesting height on Floreana Island under current conditions of threats from two trophic levels (introduced parasitic dipteran, introduced mammalian/avian predators).

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Figure 4 in Recent mitochondrial lineage extinction in the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros

Figure 4. Neighbor-Joining network. The analysis of 14 modern and historical Javan and Indian rhinoceros mitochondrial DNA sequences was conducted using the 'Integer Neighbor-Joining' algorithm implemented in POPART. We used the partial D-loop region of 413 bp to maximize the number of available Javan rhino samples. 'Javan_annamiticus' represents the recently extinct (since 2010) Vietnamese subspecies Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus. Each circle represents a certain haplotype; smaller black circles indicate median vectors. Small black lines connecting branches between the haplotypes denote the number of mutation steps separating the haplotypes. Sample identities and regions of origin for the Javan rhinoceros samples are indicated next to each circle. Numbers in the legend indicate the number of sequences in each group.

Figure 3 in Recent mitochondrial lineage extinction in the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros

Figure 3. Bayesian phylogeny of the historical Javan rhinoceros mitochondrial DNA lineages, using the Indian rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis; GenBank ID: X97336) as the outgroup and including the partial (7606-bp-long) mitogenome of the Javan rhino sample collected in Bhutan (JR524). The blue bars represent the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals of the divergence times. Node labels in bold show the Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values for the major clades. All specimens in the blue clade originated from Indonesia (apart from JR27, which has largely unknown 'Calcutta?' label) and are clearly divergent from the Bhutanese sample.

Figure 1 in Recent mitochondrial lineage extinction in the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros

Figure 1. Map of Javan rhino distribution in Southeast Asia, showing their approximate historical (yellow) and current (red) distribution (Fernando et al., 2006; Groves & Leslie, 2011). The green dots indicate the approximate locations of historical samples used in this study. Two samples with unknown locations are not mentioned on the plot (Table 1).

Figure 2 in Recent mitochondrial lineage extinction in the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros

Figure 2. Bayesian phylogeny of all available (N = 36) rhino whole mitochondrial DNA sequences (published + new sequences from this study). Two Equus mitochondrial DNA sequences were included as the outgroup. The blue bars represent the 95% highest posterior density (HPD) intervals of the divergence times. All branches within a species level have been collapsed to improve readability. Node labels in bold show the Bayesian posterior probability (PP) values for two nodes; the rest of the nodes had PP values of one. Geological time scale abbreviations: Q, Quaternary; Ple, Pleistocene; Pli, Pliocene. Extinct rhino lineages are shown with daggers after species names.

FIGURE 6 in A new Critically Endangered species of stone breaker (Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae) from Central Brazil, with notes on its leaf and stem anatomy

FIGURE 6. Cross sections of the internodes of the stem of Phyllantus pterocaulis. A. General aspect; B. Epidermis, cortex and vascular system; C. Non-gladular trichomes (*); D. Hypodermis and ground parenchyma in the cortex. A. Arrow indicates stomata in the epidermis; E. Primary phloem; co—collenchyma, ep—epidermis, hy—hypodermis, me—medula, pa—ground parenchyma, ph—phloem, vb— vascular bundles, t—trichomes, xy - xylem. Asterisk shows sieve tube elements. Scale bars (A = 100 µm, B = 70 µm, C-E = 40 µm).

FIGURE 5 in A new Critically Endangered species of stone breaker (Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae) from Central Brazil, with notes on its leaf and stem anatomy

FIGURE 5. Cross sections of Phyllanthus pterocaulis leaf blade and petiole. A–F. Leaf blade; A, B Mesophyll; C. border; D. Non-gladular trichomes (*); E. Idioblasts containing druses; F. Vascular bundle; G. Midrib; H. General aspect of the petiole; I. Epidermis and cortex in the petiole. co—cortex, d—druses, ep—epidermis, pa—ground parenchyma, pp—palisade parenchyma. sp—spongy parenchyma, vb— vascular bundle. Scale bars (A–G, I = 40 µm, B = 70 µm).

FIGURE 2. Phyllanthus pterocaulis M.J. Silva. A in A new Critically Endangered species of stone breaker (Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae) from Central Brazil, with notes on its leaf and stem anatomy

FIGURE 2. Phyllanthus pterocaulis M.J. Silva. A. Habit; B. Portion of branch showing the cymules and fruit; C. Detail of the cymules; D. Staminate flower in frontal view; E. Pistillate flower in lateral view, the sepals green whitish; F. Pistillate flower in upper view, the sepals reddish; G. Fruit; H. Seeds in dorsal and lateral view. Photographs by M. J. Silva.

FIGURE 1. Phyllanthus pterocaulis M.J. Silva. A in A new Critically Endangered species of stone breaker (Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae) from Central Brazil, with notes on its leaf and stem anatomy

FIGURE 1. Phyllanthus pterocaulis M.J. Silva. A. Habit; B. Portion of branch, note the winged projections and hispidulous trichomes; C. Stipules; D. Leave, note the ciliate margin; E. Detail of lower side of the leaf blade showing trichomes; F. Detail of the bisexual cymules. G. Staminate flower; H. Pistillate flower in frontal view; I. Pistillate flower, note the disk and ovary; J. Fruit; K. Mericarps removed showing the carpophorous; L. Seed, lateral view; M. Seed, dorsal view. (drawings by Cristiano Gualberto, from the holotype)

FIGURE 4 in A new Critically Endangered species of stone breaker (Phyllanthus, Phyllanthaceae) from Central Brazil, with notes on its leaf and stem anatomy

FIGURE 4. Leaf architecture of Phyllantus pterocaulis. A. Adaxial surface of the leaf blade; B and E. abaxial surface of the leaf blade; C. Border with non-glandular trichomes; D. Non-glandular trichomes on adaxial surface; F. Stomata. Arrows indicate anomocytic (1), and paracytic stomata (2). Scale bars (A, B = 1000 µm, C–E = 200 µm, F = 50 µm).

opennotspecifiedFeb 2022View details →

FIGURE 4. Graptopetalum trujilloi. A–B. Rosette adaxial and abaxial sides. C. Pendant crowded rosettes. D–E and G in Graptopetalum trujilloi (Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous and critically endangered species endemic to western Mexico: comments on taxa of subg. Glassia

FIGURE 4. Graptopetalum trujilloi. A–B. Rosette adaxial and abaxial sides. C. Pendant crowded rosettes. D–E and G. Flowers with reflexed stamens (side and upright views). F. Dissected flower showing nectaries, and shape of carpels. H. Full panicle. I. Pendant ramose habit with distally curved stems. Photographs: A–B and I by Santiago Rosales, C–H by J. Etter & M. Kristen.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2022View details →

FIGURE 5 in Graptopetalum trujilloi (Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous and critically endangered species endemic to western Mexico: comments on taxa of subg. Glassia

FIGURE 5. Habit and habitat of Graptopetalum trujilloi. A–B, D. Pendant rock-dwelling rosettes. C. Tropical dry forest in the Tapalpa micro watershed, San Gabriel, Jalisco. E. Santiago and Carlos Rosales reaching pendant rosettes. Photographs: A by Julia Etter & M. Kristen, B–D by Santiago Rosales and E by Endy Martínez.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2022View details →

FIGURE 2. Comparison among morphologically close species. Graptopetalum superbum A–D, A. Decumbent rosettes, B. Basal leaves wide, C in Graptopetalum trujilloi (Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous and critically endangered species endemic to western Mexico: comments on taxa of subg. Glassia

FIGURE 2. Comparison among morphologically close species. Graptopetalum superbum A–D, A. Decumbent rosettes, B. Basal leaves wide, C. Inflorescence branches long and bifurcated, D. Flowers with red-wine petal tips. G. rosanevadoense E–H, E. Pendant rosettes, F. Basal leaves narrow, G. Inflorescence branches of intermediate length, H. Flowers with red striped petal tips. G. trujilloi. I–L. I. Prostrate rosettes. J. Subequal basal leaves. K. Inflorescence branches short. L. Greenish flowers with inconspicuous red stripes. Photographs: A–I and K–L by J. Etter & M. Kristen, J by Santiago Rosales.

opennotspecifiedMar 2022View details →

Figure 3 in Rediscovery of two critically endangered species of freshwater crabs, Afrithelphusa afzelii (Colosi, 1924) and A. leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (Brachyura: Potamoidea: Deckeniidae) from the rainforests of Sierra Leone: implications for conservation

Figure 3. Afrithelphusa leonensis (Cumberlidge, 1987) (ZMB 34606) from the Western Peninsula Area National Park in Sierra Leone, in its natural colour. Largest adult male CW 18 mm.