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FIGURE 7 in A Cryptic Invasion in the Western Atlantic: Presence of the Fouling Barnacle Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) (Crustacea, Cirripedia) in the Caribbean Sea

FIGURE 7. Megabalanus zebra (Darwin, 1854) cirri from three specimens collected from boat hulls at Chaguaramas, Trinidad. A, cirrus I; B, cirrus II; C, cirrus III; D, cirrus VI; E, F and G, detail of external side of outer rami median segments of cirrus III, IV and VI, respectively. Figures A, B, E, F and G from specimen MNRJ 25245; C and E from MNRH 25248; D from MNRJ 25255. Scale bar: A, B and C = 2 mm; D = 4 mm; E, F and G = 1 mm.

Figure 8 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation

Figure 8. Vegetation predictors of the pimpline community across traps (n = 30). (a) Epiphyte density against log richness; (b) herb ground cover against the log of inverse Simpson's Index of Diversity;

Figure 7 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation

Figure 7. Pimplinae community composition, as measured by the first axis of a Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis (NMDS1, see Figure 6) across sampling sites (n = 15), against the first Principal Component (PC1) of the habitat variables at those sites (see Table 4). The line is the linear regression (±95% CI in gray). The figure demonstrates that pimpline community composition is very strongly associated with differences in habitat characteristics across sites.

Figure 6 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation

Figure 6. An ordination using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) of the pimpline community at the site level. Black numbers and points indicate the 15 sampling sites, going from the bottom of the mountain (1) to the top (15). Species are in gray, small lettering.

Figure 4 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation

Figure 4. Pimplinae wasp community metrics against elevation (altitude) across 30 traps. (a) Abundance; (b) Log10 Species Richness; (c) Log10 Simpson's Index (1/D); and (d) Shannon Index. Lines are the equations of the polynomial linear model in Table 2 with the lowest AICc, ±95%CI; (a,b): cubic models (c,d): quadratic models.

Figure 2 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation

Figure 2. Some of the Pimplinae wasp species sampled (all are females). (a) Dolichomitus megalourus (scale bar 4 mm), 10 individuals sampled; (b) Neotheronia charli (scale bar 1 mm), 24 individuals sampled; (c) Neotheronia sp. 6 (scale bar 1 mm), 26 individuals sampled; (d) Pimpla caerulea (scale bar 1 mm), 447 individuals sampled; (e) Polysphincta organensis (scale bar 2 mm), 19 individuals sampled; and (f) Polysphincta teresa (scale bar 2 mm), 8 individuals sampled.

Figure 3 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation

Figure 3. Species richness of pimplines against sampling intensity. (a) Estimates of total species richness against number of traps sampled (filled circles: observed data; open circles: bootstrap; diamonds: first-order jackknife; triangles: Chao; squares: second-order jackknife); (b) site-level rarefaction (±SD); (c) trap-level rarefaction (±SD); (d) mean individual-level rarefaction for the whole data (top line) and altitudinally-zoned subsets (from top to bottom, 332–549 m, 703–887 m, 952–1071 m, 110–150 m, and 1236–1482 m, which are superimposed, 1649–1812 m and 1935–2169 m), points are literature-based data covering the same span of sampling intensities for comparison from [45]. Note the log scale on the y-axis.

Figure 1 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation

Figure 1. (a) Location of the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (gray shaded area), a protected tropical Atlantic Rain Forest in the State of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. (b) Map of the 15 study sites and their respective altitudes along the elevational gradient in the Park, where four different phytophysiognomies are observed: (c) lower montane forest (up to 500 m), which presents a 20 m high canopy but normally no other well-defined forest layers; (d) montane forest (500 m to 1500 m), with its clear stratification into arboreal, shrub, and herb layers, and large emergent trees reaching 40 m covered with abundant lianas and epiphytes; (e) high montane forest (1500 m to 2000 m) with smaller trees of up to 10 m covered with mosses and epiphytes, and great diversity of shrubs; and (f) high-altitude grassland, also known as campos de altitude (above 2000 m), dominated by herbal vegetation growing around rocks and scattered shrubs.

Figure 5. Pimplinae wasp community metrics against mean monthly temperature across 15 in Variation in a Darwin Wasp (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) Community along an Elevation Gradient in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot: Implications for Ecology and Conservation

Figure 5. Pimplinae wasp community metrics against mean monthly temperature across 15 sites. (a) Abundance; (b) Log10 Species Richness; (c) Log10 Simpson's Index (1/D); and (d) Shannon Index. Lines are the equations of the model in Table 3 ± 95%CI. (a) cubic model; (b,d) quadratic models; and (c): linear model.

FIGURE 5A–E. Eiphosoma vitticolle Cresson, 1865, female. A. Habitus, lateral. B. Head, front view. C. Propodeum, dorsal view. D. Wings. E in Two new Darwin wasp species of Eiphosoma Cresson, 1865 (Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) from the northwestern Andes of Colombia

FIGURE 5A–E. Eiphosoma vitticolle Cresson, 1865, female. A. Habitus, lateral. B. Head, front view. C. Propodeum, dorsal view. D. Wings. E. Mesosoma, dorsal view.

FIGURE 2A–E in Two new Darwin wasp species of Eiphosoma Cresson, 1865 (Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) from the northwestern Andes of Colombia

FIGURE 2A–E. Eiphosoma nigroandinum Fernandes sp. nov., holotype (female). A. Habitus, dorsal. B. Head, front view. C. Propodeum, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, dorsal view. E. Wings.

FIGURE 4A–E in Two new Darwin wasp species of Eiphosoma Cresson, 1865 (Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) from the northwestern Andes of Colombia

FIGURE 4A–E. Eiphosoma merceae Fernandes sp. nov., holotype (female). A. Habitus, lateral. B. Head, front view. C. Propodeum, dorsal view. D. Wings. E. Mesosoma, dorsal view.

FIGURE 3A–E in Two new Darwin wasp species of Eiphosoma Cresson, 1865 (Ichneumonidae: Cremastinae) from the northwestern Andes of Colombia

FIGURE 3A–E. Eiphosoma nigroandinum Fernandes sp. nov., paratype (female). A. Habitus, lateral. B. Head, front view. C. Propodeum, dorsal view. D. Wings. E. Mesosoma, dorsal view.

FIGURE 5 in Four new species of Darwin wasps from Türkiye

FIGURE 5. Exochus ahmedi Kaplan sp. nov., male (holotype): A. habitus (lateral view); B. head (frontal view); C. head (ventral view); D. portion of antennae (ventral view); E. head and mesosoma (lateral view); F. head and mesosoma (dorsal view); G. mesosoma, propodeum and T1 (dorsal view); H. fore wing and hind wing (dorsal view). Scale bar: 1 mm (A, E, H); 0.5 mm (B, C, D, F, G).

FIGURE 3 in Four new species of Darwin wasps from Türkiye

FIGURE 3. Mesostenus kamileae Kaplan sp. nov., female (holotype): A. habitus (lateral view); B. head (frontal view); C. Antennae (lateral view); D. head and mesosoma (lateral view); E. mesosoma (dorsal view); F. mesosoma and propodeum (dorsal view); G. terga, hindleg and ovipositor (lateral view); H. fore wing and hind wing (dorsal view). Scale bar: 1 mm (A, G, H); 0.5 mm (B, C, D, E, F).

FIGURE 2 in Four new species of Darwin wasps from Türkiye

FIGURE 2. Cryptus ayseae Kaplan sp. nov., female (holotype): A. habitus (lateral view); B. head (frontal view); C. portion of antennae (ventral view); D. head and mesosoma (lateral view); E. mesosoma (dorsal view); F. mesosoma and propodeum (dorsal view); G. terga (dorsal view); H. fore wing (dorsal view). Scale bar: 1 mm (A, E); 0.5 mm (B, C, D, F, G, H).

FIGURE 1 in Four new species of Darwin wasps from Türkiye

FIGURE 1. Map showing where the species Cryptus ayseae (1), Mesostenus kamileae (2), Ichneumon licensis (3) and Exochus ahmedi (4) were collected from eastern Türkiye.

FIGURE 4 in Four new species of Darwin wasps from Türkiye

FIGURE 4. Ichneumon licensis Kaplan sp. nov., male (holotype): A. habitus (lateral view); B. head (frontal view); C. portion of antennae (ventral view); D. head and mesosoma (lateral view); E. mesosoma and propodeum (dorsal view); F. propodeum (dorsal view); G. terga and hind leg (lateral view); H. fore wing (dorsal view). Scale bar: 1 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D, E, F, G, H).

FIGURE 5 in The tananá [Chlorocoelus hypericifolius (Stoll 1813): Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Pseudophyllinae]-re-discovered more than 150 years after the description of the male by Bates and the figuring by Darwin

FIGURE 5. Distribution map of Chlorocoelus hypericifolius [all known localities; type locality red; map produced with SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010)].

FIGURE 2 in The tananá [Chlorocoelus hypericifolius (Stoll 1813): Orthoptera, Tettigonioidea, Pseudophyllinae]-re-discovered more than 150 years after the description of the male by Bates and the figuring by Darwin

FIGURE 2. Male mirror area in some Pterophyllini. A Chlorocoelus hypericifolius, left tegmen, B C. hypericifolius, right tegmen, C Phyllopectis crepitans, left tegmen (OSF), D Pterophylla furcata laletica, left tegmen (OSF), E P. furcata laletica, right tegmen (OSF). Scale A, B 1 mm.