Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 5 in Demographic data on a stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) population self-established in an artificial suburban habitat

Fig. 5. Distribution of the number of males confirmed to be still alive, as a function of the number of days elapsed since they were marked during the 2001 and 2007 CMR exercises. The construction of the curves is based on the first two columns of Table 1 and is limited to 23 days for the year 2007.

Fig. 1 in Demographic data on a stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) population self-established in an artificial suburban habitat

Fig. 1. Aerial view of part of the locality of Boitsfort, a suburb in the south-east of the city of Brussels, with, encircled in yellow, the stag beetle brood sites as they were known for at least the years 2000-2010. Larval sites were (and are) mainly located outside densely wooded plots, and even in the alignments of ornamental cherry trees along certain avenues. Note also the dispersion of these sites, whose circle size do not prejudge the size of their beetle population. Orthophoto plan from UrbIS datastore.brussels.

Fig. 7 in Demographic data on a stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) population self-established in an artificial suburban habitat

Fig. 7. Daily estimates of the number of beetles at the Jagersveld site in 2001 and 2007 according to the POPAN formulation of the Jolly-Seber method, under the acceptance of constant survival and capture probabilities over time. Minimum daily number of known survivors (MNA). Rainy periods and, for 2001, stormy evening episodes, are figured at the bottom of the graphs.

Fig. 2. A in Demographic data on a stag beetle (Lucanus cervus) population self-established in an artificial suburban habitat

Fig. 2. A, The ramp to the playground of the Jagersveld school, with its central staircase in 2001. B, The palisade of beams of the east side of the ramp in its 2007 state, however photographed in 2013, the staircase having been removed in the meantime. C, The earthen platform at the top of the ramp in 2002, with the alignment of short beams separating it from the concrete of the ramp. D, The same platform fenced and overgrown with maple saplings, as viewed in 2022. E - F, Stag beetle larvae and a pupa found in 2005 when some of the beams were replaced. G - H, damage to the paling, west side and east side, in 2021. © E and F, courtesy Olivier Beck.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Data on the demographics of public preferences for ten carbon removal and solar geoengineering interventions in 30 countries

Data used in the analysis for 'The demographics of public preferences for ten carbon removal and solar geoengineering interventions in 30 countries' in the academic journal Communications Earth and Environment.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

MICCAI 2021 MSSEG-2 challenge demographics data

This dataset will include all demographics and dataset constitution information for the MICCAI 2021 challenge.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Data from: Balancing food acquisition and predation risk drives demographic changes in snowshoe hare population cycles

Snowshoe hare cycles are one of the most prominent phenomena in ecology. Experimental studies point to predation as the dominant driving factor, but previous experiments combining food supplementation and predator removal produced unexplained multiplicative effects on density. We examined the potential interactive effects of food limitation and predation in causing hare cycles using an individual based food-supplementation experiment over-winter across three cycle phases that naturally varied in predation risk. Supplementation doubled over-winter survival with the largest effects occurring in the late increase phase. Although the proximate cause of mortality was predation, supplemented hares significantly decreased foraging time and selected for conifer habitat, potentially reducing their predation risk. Supplemented hares also lost less body mass which resulted in the production of larger leverets. Our results establish a mechanistic link between how foraging time, mass loss, and predation risk affect survival and reproduction, potentially driving demographic changes associated with hare cycles.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Two dimensions of demographic differentiation of species in a mountain grassland community: an experimental test

1. There is remarkable variation in life histories of coexisting plant species. These 'alternative designs' for the given set of environmental conditions are likely to play a role in species niche differences and thus may underlie species coexistence, although there is no clear demonstration of it. Currently available data on within-community differentiation concern primarily easy and measurable traits that are not fully informative of life history variation. Their relevance for functional differentiation of species and species coexistence is far from clear. 2. Here we examined differentiation of coexisting species in demographic parameters and how it determines species' response to neighbors. We determined these parameters for a set of 21 co-occurring species by fitting a process-based model to a long-term (30 yrs) data series of shoot counts. We examined the functional relevance of these parameters using a field experiment. We further asked with which functional traits they are correlated. 3. Species were differentiated along two largely independent axes: (i) slow vs. fast, separating species according to instantaneous growth rate, competitive response and intraspecific density dependence; and (ii) dispersal vs. local dynamics, which separated species with strong dispersal (by seeds or vegetative) from species that tended to stay in the occupied spot. While the slow-fast axis was associated with commonly used leaf and seed traits, the dispersal axis was best predicted by lateral spreading distance. 4. Each of these two axes predicted different components of species' responses to neighbor competition: the slow-fast axis was a good predictor of the short-term response, whereas dispersal axis was a good predictor of the long-term response. 5. Synthesis. Demographic differentiation of coexisting species resembles to an important degree demographic differentiation known from large-scale comparisons. This differentiation is functionally meaningful also at the fine scale; its role in species' responses to competition implies it is involved in species niche differentiation and coexistence. While seed and leaf traits are important correlates of demographic differentiation, a hitherto underappreciated trait, viz. lateral spreading distance, is an important predictor of the dispersal axis at the fine-scale and should be more widely used.

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and clinical parameters

Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, and clinical parameters

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Genomic data reveal the biogeographic and demographic history of Ammospiza sparrows in northeast tidal marshes

Aim: Shaped by both climate change and sea-level rise, tidal salt marshes represent ephemeral systems that are home to only a few, highly specialized species. The dynamic ecological histories and spatial complexities of these habitats, however, render it challenging to reconstruct the complete biogeographic histories of their endemic taxa. Here, we leverage three species of North American Ammospiza sparrows that inhabit tidal marshes ( Ammospiza caudacuta, A. maritima, and A. n. subvirgatus) and closely related freshwater species to demonstrate the utility of whole-genome data in resolving demographic and evolutionary history as it relates to divergence and dispersal events in ephemeral ecosystems. We employ a combination of demographic and biogeographic reconstructions to shed new light on the colonization history of freshwater-saline environments in this system. Location: North America Taxon: Ammospiza Sparrows Methods: We sequenced whole genomes from Ammospiza sparrows to address our objectives. We conducted phylogenomic analyses and reconstructed the demographic and biogeographic history of this clade based on 21 million SNPs from 54 total individuals. Results: Phylogenies based on several million SNPs supported several well-resolved clades that predominantly corresponded to their prior species designations. Phylogenetic and biogeographic reconstructions suggest a series of saltwater to freshwater colonization events within this group, with some endemic taxa exhibiting associations with tidal marsh habitat over longer evolutionary time scales and some habitat transitions occurring as recently as 5,000 years ago. Main Conclusions: Our reconstructions support a biogeographic hypothesis with fewer vicariance and dispersal events among Ammospiza sparrows that is in contrast with the currently supported evolutionary scenario. Biogeographic reconstructions further suggest saltwater to freshwater transitions in A. n. subvirgatus as opposed to the long hypothesized freshwater origin. Our results highlight the fact that reconstructing biogeographic and evolutionary dynamics in ephemeral systems poses challenges given the propensity for high turnover. This reinforces the importance of a multifaceted approach to biogeographic reconstructions in historically dynamic ecosystems.

opencc-zeroDec 2012View details →

Data from: Estimating relatedness and inbreeding using molecular markers and pedigrees: the effect of demographic history

Estimates of inbreeding and relatedness are commonly calculated using molecular markers, although the accuracy of such estimates has been questioned. As a further complication, in many situations, such estimates are required in populations with reduced genetic diversity, which is likely to affect their accuracy. We investigated the correlation between microsatellite- and pedigree-based coefficients of inbreeding and relatedness in laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster that had passed through bottlenecks to manipulate their genetic diversity. We also used simulations to predict expected correlations between marker- and pedigree-based estimates and to investigate the influence of linkage between loci and null alleles. Our empirical data showed lower correlations between marker- and pedigree-based estimates in our control (nonbottleneck) population than were predicted by our simulations or those found in similar studies. Correlations were weaker in bottleneck populations, confirming that extreme reductions in diversity can compromise the ability of molecular estimates to detect recent inbreeding events. However, this result was highly dependent on the strength of the bottleneck and we did not observe or predict any reduction in correlations in our population that went through a relatively severe bottleneck of N = 10 for one generation. Our results are therefore encouraging, as molecular estimates appeared robust to quite severe reductions in genetic diversity. It should also be remembered that pedigree-based estimates may not capture realized identity-by-decent and that marker-based estimates may actually be more useful in certain situations.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Data from: Harvesting has variable effects on demographic rates and population growth across three dry forest tree species

Understanding how anthropogenic activities, such as harvesting, influence plant populations is important to quantify sustainable practices that conserve species of socioeconomic importance. There is limited knowledge on how harvesting of branches and non-timber forest products affect populations of trees in the dry tropics. We measure demographic vital rates of three dry tropical tree species in the presence and absence of harvesting and apply integral projection models to quantify population growth rates, which represent the mean fitness across the life cycle. Our results show that the three species vary in their demographic rates and life history. Harvesting significantly decreases the growth of two species. Current levels of harvesting only significantly decreased the population growth rate of one species that experienced both branch and main stem harvesting. Life table response experiments reveal that the negative effect of harvesting on the population growth rate of this species is primarily due to individuals being forced to re-sprout from their base. Few individuals were observed recruiting from seed, and this might be due to the presence of other threats, such as fire, soil erosion, and grazing. Our results provide knowledge on the demography and the effects of harvesting on endemic tree species of the Eastern Ghats, a region for which few demographic studies are available. These results are relevant to conserving forest biodiversity for the benefits of people and can contribute to quantitative threat assessment for IUCN red listing.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

Demographic data along with a comparison of α1-Antitrypsin, Interleukin-1β and Interleukin -6 levels measured in this study

Serum levels of α-1Antitrypsin, Interleukin-1β, and Interleukin-6 in Iraqi COVID-19 patients: A cross-Sectional Study, data set

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Data from: Genome-wide analysis reveals demographic and life history patterns associated with habitat modification in land-locked, deep-spawning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)

Human-mediated habitat fragmentation in freshwater ecosystems can negatively impact genetic diversity, demography and life history of native biota, while disrupting the behaviour of species that are dependent on spatial connectivity to complete their life cycles. In the Alouette River system (British Columbia, Canada), dam construction in 1928 impacted passage of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), with the last records of migrants occurring in the 1930's. Since that time, O. nerka persisted as a resident population in Alouette Reservoir until experimental water releases beginning in 2005 created conditions for migration; two years later, returning migrants were observed for the first time in ~70 years, raising important basic and applied questions regarding life history variation and population structure in this system. Here, we investigated the genetic distinctiveness and population history of Alouette Reservoir O. nerka using genome-wide SNP data (n=7,709 loci) collected for resident and migrant individuals, as well as for neighbouring anadromous sockeye salmon and resident kokanee populations within the Fraser River drainage (n=312 individuals). Bayesian clustering and principal components analyses based on neutral loci revealed five distinct clusters, largely associated with geography, and clearly demonstrated that Alouette Reservoir resident and migrant individuals are genetically distinct from other O. nerka populations in the Fraser River drainage. At a finer-level, there was no clear evidence for differentiation between Alouette Reservoir residents and migrants; although we detected eight high-confidence outlier loci, they all mapped to sex chromosomes suggesting that differences were likely due to uneven sex ratios rather than life history. Taken together, these data suggest that contemporary Alouette Reservoir O. nerka represents a landlocked sockeye salmon population, constituting the first reported instance of deep-water spawning behaviour associated with this life history form. This finding punctuates the need for re-assessment of conservation status and supports on-going fisheries management activities in Alouette Reservoir.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Data from: How do functional traits influence tree demographic properties in a subtropical monsoon forest?

1. Functional traits are good predictors of plant responses and adaptations to ever-changing environments. However, forecasting forest community dynamics is challenging because the relationships among different tree demographic properties (growth, mortality, and recruitment) and how functional traits are associated with tree demography remain largely unknown. 2. Here, in a 20-ha subtropical forest permanent plot, we quantified the rates of tree growth, mortality, and recruitment across 53 dominant tree species (diameter at breast height; DBH ≥ 1 cm) from 2005 to 2020. Functional traits that are closely related to plant photosynthesis, nutrients, hydraulics, and drought tolerance were measured. 3. We found that tree growth rate (GR) varied independently from rates of tree mortality and recruitment. Hydraulic conductivity was positively correlated with GR (explaining 27% variation – the strongest relationship observed) whereas wood density was negatively correlated with GR. Leaf life span was negatively related to tree mortality. Species with high carbon assimilation rate, nutrient concentration and hydraulic conductivity had high recruitment rates. Leaf turgor loss point was unrelated to plant demography. Principal component analysis revealed that species with quick resource-acquisition rates had high rates of growth and recruitment. 4. Our results illustrate that the correlations among tree demographic properties were weak in this subtropical forest with monsoonal climate. Most notably, against expectations there was no observed tradeoff between growth and mortality. Individual functional traits explained up to 27% of each demographic rate. Variation in recruitment rate was aligned with traits indexing the leaf economic spectrum and also plant hydraulic variation. A better understanding of the role of disturbances on trait-demography relationships would help build a deeper and more nuanced understanding of the ecology of subtropical monsoon forests.

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

Data from: Phylogenomic inference and demographic model selection suggest peripatric separation of the cryptic steppe ant species Plagiolepis pyrenaica stat. rev.

The ant Plagiolepis taurica Santschi, 1920 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) is a typical species of the Eurasian steppes, a large grassland-dominated biome that stretches continuously from Central Asia to Eastern Europe and is represented by disjunct outposts also in Central and Western Europe. The extent of this biome has been influenced by the Pleistocene climate, and steppes expanded recurrently during cold stages and contracted in warm stages. Consequently, stenotopic steppe species such as P. taurica repeatedly went through periods of demographic expansion and severe isolation. Here, we explore the impact of these dynamics on the genetic diversification within P. taurica. Delimitation of P. taurica from other Plagiolepis species has been unclear since its initial description, which raised questions on both its classification and its spatiotemporal diversification early on. We re‐evaluate species limits and explore underlying mechanisms driving speciation by using an integrative approach based on genomic and morphometric data. We found large intraspecific divergence within P. taurica and resolved geographically coherent western and eastern genetic groups, which likewise differed morphologically. A morphometric survey of type material showed that Plagiolepis from the western group were more similar to P. barbara pyrenaica Emery, 1921 than to P. taurica; we thus lift the former from synonymy and establish it as separate species, P. pyrenaica stat. rev. Explicit evolutionary model testing based on genomic data supported a peripatric speciation for the species pair, probably as a consequence of steppe contraction and isolation during the mid‐Pleistocene. We speculate that this scenario could be exemplary for many stenotopic steppe species, given the emphasized dynamics of Eurasian steppes.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

R Data for CPBS Report 23SDSU01 - Urban Demographic Shift of Pedestrian and Bicyclist Collisions, Equity, and Police Enforcement

Data for the statistical program R.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Less favorable climates constrain demographic strategies in plants

Correlative species distribution models are based on the observed relationship between species' occurrence and macroclimate or other environmental variables. In climates predicted less favourable populations are expected to decline, and in favourable climates they are expected to persist. However, little comparative empirical support exists for a relationship between predicted climate suitability and population performance. We found that the performance of 93 populations of 34 plant species worldwide – as measured by in situ population growth rate, its temporal variation and extinction risk – was not correlated with climate suitability. However, correlations of demographic processes underpinning population performance with climate suitability indicated both resistance and vulnerability pathways of population responses to climate: in less suitable climates, plants experienced greater retrogression (resistance pathway) and greater variability in some demographic rates (vulnerability pathway). While a range of demographic strategies occur within species' climatic niches, demographic strategies are more constrained in climates predicted to be less suitable.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: Population genetic structure and demographic history of Atrina pectinata based on mitochondrial DNA and microsatellite markers

The pen shell, Atrina pectinata, is one of the commercial bivalves in East Asia and thought to be recently affected by anthropogenic pressure (habitat destruction and/or fishing pressure). Information on its population genetic structure is crucial for the conservation of A. pectinata. Considering its long pelagic larval duration and iteroparity with high fecundity, the genetic structure for A. pectinata could be expected to be weak at a fine scale. However, the unusual oceanography in the coasts of China and Korea suggests potential for restricted dispersal of pelagic larvae and geographical differentiation. In addition, environmental changes associated with Pleistocene sea level fluctuations on the East China Sea continental shelf may also have strongly influenced historical population demography and genetic diversity of marine organisms. Here, partial sequences of the mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and seven microsatellite loci were used to estimate population genetic structure and demographic history of seven samples from Northern China coast and one sample from North Korea coast. Despite high levels of genetic diversity within samples, there was no genetic differentiation among samples from Northern China coast and low but significant genetic differentiation between some of the Chinese samples and the North Korean sample. A late Pleistocene population expansion, probably after the Last Glacial Maximum, was also demonstrated for A. pectinata samples. No recent genetic bottleneck was detected in any of the eight samples. We concluded that both historical recolonization (through population range expansion and demographic expansion in the late Pleistocene) and current gene flow (through larval dispersal) were responsible for the weak level of genetic structure detected in A. pectinata.