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Fig. 4 in Low durophagous predation on Toarcian (Early Jurassic) ammonoids in the northwestern Panthalassa shelf basin

Fig. 4. Examples of early Toarcian ammonoids with ventral breakage, from the Toyora area, Japan (for detailed locality information see Fig. 2). A. Cleviceras chrysanthemum (Yokoyama, 1904), UMUT MM 31431, loc. 8. B. Cleviceras sp., UMUT MM 31432, loc. 5. C. Dactylioceras helianthoides Yokoyama, 1904), UMUT MM 31433, loc. 10. D. Fontanelliceras fontanellense (Gemmellaro, 1885), UMUT MM 31434, loc. 10. E. Fuciniceras nakayamense (Matsumoto, 1947), UMUT MM 31435, loc. 3. F. Protogrammoceras onoi Hirano, 1971, UMUT MM 31436, loc. 10. The white brackets indicate the position and extent of the breakage. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 8 in Low durophagous predation on Toarcian (Early Jurassic) ammonoids in the northwestern Panthalassa shelf basin

Fig. 8. Double logarithmic plots of breakage length and depth versus shell diameter. Regression lines with reduced major axis method. All seven genera were included.

Fig. 1. Early Jurassic map illustrating the previously studied areas for ventrally damaged ammonoids. 1 in Low durophagous predation on Toarcian (Early Jurassic) ammonoids in the northwestern Panthalassa shelf basin

Fig. 1. Early Jurassic map illustrating the previously studied areas for ventrally damaged ammonoids. 1, Dotternhausen, Germany (Taverne 2000; Klompmaker et al. 2009); 2, Lyme Regis, England (Andrew et al. 2010). The Toyora area was located in the northwestern part of the Panthalassa. Palaeogeographical map after Scotese (2001).

Fig. 7 in Low durophagous predation on Toarcian (Early Jurassic) ammonoids in the northwestern Panthalassa shelf basin

Fig. 7. Size distribution of ventrally intact and damaged early Toarcian ammonoid specimens from the Toyora area. Percentage represents the breakage frequency in each size class.

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Fig. 17. Eucycloidean gastropos from Luxembourg Sandstone Formation, Early Jurassic. A in Earliest Jurassic patellogastropod, vetigastropod, and neritimorph gastropods from Luxembourg with considerations on the Triassic-Jurassic faunal turnover

Fig. 17. Eucycloidean gastropos from Luxembourg Sandstone Formation, Early Jurassic. A. Eucyclus sp., MNHNL GL205, apertural (A1), basal (A2) and dorsal (A3) views, Hettangian–Early Sinemurian, exact locality and stratigraphical level uncertain. B–E. Brouch (Mersch, Grand−Duchy of Luxembourg), Late Hettangian (Schlotheimia angulata Zone, Schlotheimia complanata Subzone). B, C. Spirocirrus weisi sp. nov., B. Holotype, MNHNL BR299, lateral view (B1) and detail of the ornament (B2). C. Paratype, MNHNL BR374, apertural (C1) and subdorsal (C2) views. D, E. Platyacra aff. sinistrorsa (Terquem, 1855). D. MNHNL BR373, dorsal view (D1) and detail of the ornament of the base (D2). E. MNHNL BR876, dorsal (E1), subapertural (E2), and basal (E3) views, and detail of the apical spire (E4).

Fig. 3 in New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England

Fig. 3. Jaws of Anoualerpeton priscus sp. nov.; Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian), Kirtlington, England. A–C. Premaxillae. A. BMNH R.16336, holotype, left premaxilla, lacking dorsal part of pars dorsalis, lateral part of pars dentalis, and most of pars palatinum and preserving no intact teeth, in lingual (A1) and laterolingual (A2) views. B. BMNH R.16337, right premaxilla, lacking dorsal part of pars dorsalis and medial pars of pars palatinum and pars dentalis, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. BMNH R.14157, right premaxilla, lacking dorsal part of pars dorsalis, ventral part of pars dentalis, and lateral end of maxillary process and preserving no intact teeth, in lingual (C1) and dorsal (C2) views, both with hair extending obliquely through palatal foramen, and in occlusal (C3) view. D. BMNH R.16338, left maxilla, missing part of pars dentalis below nasal process and about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (D1), lingual (D2), and dorsal (D3) views. E–H. Dentaries, all in lingual view. E. BMNH R.16344, left dentary, posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about anterior one−quarter of bone. F. BMNH R.16354, right dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving posterior part of tooth row and anterior part of area for attachment of postdentary bones; G, BMNH R.16356, left dentary, anteriorly and posteriorly incomplete ramus preserving about posterior

Fig. 1 in New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England

Fig. 1. Upper jaws and frontals of Anoualerpeton unicus sp. nov., type species; Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), Anoual, Morocco. A, B. Premaxillae. A. MNHN.MCM 187, holotype, right premaxilla, lacking pars palatinum, in labial (A1) and lingual (A2) views. B. MNHN.MCM 188, left premaxilla, lacking dorsolateral part of pars dorsalis and vomerine and maxillary processes on pars palatinum, in labial (B1) and lingual (B2) views. C. MNHN.MCM 189, left maxilla, lacking about posterior one−fifth of bone, in labial (C1), lingual (C2), and dorsal (C3) views. D, E. Fused frontals. D. MNHN.MCM 190, nearly complete frontals, lacking distal end of left anterolateral process and posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, entire specimen in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views and closeup of anterior part in right lateral view (D3). E. MNHN.MCM 191, less nearly complete frontals, missing distal tip of internasal process, posterior end of left ventrolateral crest, and right posterolateral corner of bone and showing damage to median portion sustained during photography (cf., Fig. 2K), in dorsal view. White areas are broken surfaces and cross hatches are sand grains. Specimens at different scales.

Fig. 5 in New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England

Fig. 5. Strict consensus of three shortest trees, based on branch−and−bound search of 20 informative characters scored for 10 albanerpetontid taxa and a hypothetical "all zero" ancestor (see Appendix). Indices of support for less inclusive clades are reported in Table 1. Distribution of apomorphies for all 29 characters are depicted according to the more conservative and preferred DELTRAN character state optimization. Distribution of apomorphies within the gracile−snouted clade is based on one of the three shortest trees that has the same topology for this clade as the strict consensus tree. The ACCTRAN optimization differs in shifting four derived character states one node down towards the stem, as follows: 2(1) to the node for Anoualerpeton; 6(1) to the node for the robust−snouted clade; 22(2) to the node for the unnamed Tertiary clade; and 27(1) to the node for Celtedens + Albanerpeton. Symbols for apomorphies are: horizontal bar, synapomorphic or autapomorphic; circle, convergent. Tree statistics (uninformative characters excluded): tree length = 32 steps; CI = 0.750; HI = 0.250; and RI = 0.826.

Fig. 4 in New albanerpetontid amphibians from the Early Cretaceous of Morocco and Middle Jurassic of England

Fig. 4. Teeth and frontals of Anoualerpeton priscus sp. nov.; Middle Jurassic (late Bathonian), Kirtlington, England. A–E. Close ups of teeth, all in lingual view. A. BMNH R.16365, right maxilla, crown of tooth at second locus from broken anterior end of bone or, when tooth row was complete, about one−fifth of distance posteriorly along row. B. BMNH R.16356, left dentary, crowns of adjacent teeth at fourth (B1) and fifth (B2) loci from broken anterior end of bone or, when tooth row was complete, about three−fifths of distance posteriorly along row. C. BMNH R.16477, right dentary, crown of tooth at eighth locus from broken anterior end of bone or, when tooth row was complete, about one−half of distance posteriorly along row. D. BMNH R.16357, right maxilla, crowns of teeth at seventh (D1) and ninth (D2) loci from broken anterior end of bone or, when tooth row was complete, about one−third of distance posteriorly along row. E. BMNH R.16340, right dentary, row of five teeth and one empty tooth slot, extending from second to seventh loci from broken anterior end of bone or, when tooth row was complete, about three−fifths of distance posteriorly along row. F–I. Frontals. F. BMNH R.14158, anterior one−third of fused frontals, broken posteriorly between slots for receipt of prefrontals, in dorsal (F1) and right lateral (F2) views. G. BMNH R.16342, posterior two−thirds of fused frontals, broken anteriorly between slots for receipt of prefrontals and missing posterior end of ventrolateral crests on both sides, in dorsal (G1) and ventral (G2) views. H. BMNH R.14159, posterior part of small, fused frontals, broken anteriorly between slot for receipt of prefrontals on right side and midway along orbital margin on left side and missing left posterior corner, in dorsal (H1) and ventral (H2) views. I. BMNH R.14160, fragment of large, left frontal, preserving orbital margin, in ventral view. Osteological abbreviations: ap, anterolateral process; as, anterior slot; gr, groove; lfu, line of fusion; ps, posterior slot; vlc, ventrolateral crest. Specimens at different scales.

Fig. 1 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 1. Map of Antarctica (A), with inset maps showing the Central Transantarctic Mountains (B), and the Beardmore Glacier area where the Mount Kirkpatrick dinosaur site is located (C). Age and generalized stratigraphy of Triassic and Jurassic portions of the Beacon Supergroup in the Beardmore Glacier area, with relative positions of Mesozoic vertebrate faunas indicated at right (D). Abbreviations: FM, Formation; L, lower member; M, middle member; U, upper member.

Fig. 4 in The cranial anatomy of the Early Jurassic turtle Kayentachelys aprix

Fig. 4. The turtle Kayentachelys aprix Gaffney, Hutchison, Jenkins, and Meeker, 1987, from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation, Gold Springs, Arizona, USA. A. Specimen TMM 43670−2, photograph (A1) and explanatory drawing (A2) of the skull in rostral (A1, A2) and lateral (A3, A4) views. B. Specimen MCZ 8917, skull in occipital view. Photographs (A1, A3, B1) and explanatory drawings (A2, A4, B2).

Fig. 5 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 5. Sauropodomorph dinosaur Glacialisaurus hammeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation at Mt. Kirkpatrick, Beardmore Glacier region, Antarcticac. Right pes (FMNH PR1823) in anterior (A), medial (B), and posterior (C) views. Astragalus and distal tarsals have been digitally removed in B.

Fig. 1 in The cranial anatomy of the Early Jurassic turtle Kayentachelys aprix

Fig. 1. The localities of the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation (Glen Canyon Group) where specimens of Kayentachelys aprix have been recovered: Gold Springs and Willow Springs, both Adeii Eechii Cliffs, Coconino County, Arizona, USA.

Fig. 10 in The cranial anatomy of the Early Jurassic turtle Kayentachelys aprix

Fig. 10. Main hypotheses of turtle evolution. A. Joyce (2007). B. Gaffney et al. (2007). Outlined shapes document character evolution according to Gaffney (1996) and Gaffney et al. (2007). Solid shapes document the character evolution according the interpretations argued in the present paper. Dashes indicate character changes that are the same in both interpretations. Abbreviations: Kal., Kallokibotion; Mong., Mongolochelys; Pa., Palaeochersis; Pr., Proganochelys; Pro., Proterochersis.

Fig. 2 in The cranial anatomy of the Early Jurassic turtle Kayentachelys aprix

Fig. 2. The turtle Kayentachelys aprix Gaffney, Hutchison, Jenkins, and Meeker, 1987, specimen TMM 43651−1, from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation, Gold Springs, Arizona, USA. The scale areas (numbered) of the anterior part of the skull roof; photograph (A) and explanatory drawing (B).

Fig. 3 in The cranial anatomy of the Early Jurassic turtle Kayentachelys aprix

Fig. 3. The turtle Kayentachelys aprix Gaffney, Hutchison, Jenkins, and Meeker, 1987, specimen MNA V1558 (also catalogued as MCZ 8913), from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation, Gold Springs, Arizona, USA. Skull in dorsal view; photograph (A) and explanatory drawing (B).

Fig. 9 in The cranial anatomy of the Early Jurassic turtle Kayentachelys aprix

Fig. 9. The turtle Kayentachelys aprix Gaffney, Hutchison, Jenkins, and Meeker, 1987, from the Early Jurassic Kayenta Formation, Gold Springs, Arizona, USA. A. MCZ 8914, right lower jaw and part of the left dentary in lateral view; photograph (A1) and explanatory drawing (A2). B. MCZ 8915, right lower jaw medial view, with the left lower jaw conceptually removed; photograph (B1) and explanatory drawing (B2). C. MCZ 8916, mandibular articulation in dorsal view; photograph (C1) and explanatory drawing (C2).

Fig. 2 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 2. Sauropodomorph dinosaur Glacialisaurus hammeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation at Mt. Kirkpatrick, Beardmore Glacier region, Antarcticac. Distal left femur (FMNH PR1822) in anterior (A), lateral (B), posterior (C), and medial (D) views.

Fig. 4 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 4. Sauropodomorph dinosaur Glacialisaurus hammeri gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation at Mt. Kirkpatrick, Beardmore Glacier region, Antarcticac. Right astragalus (FMNH PR1823) in dorsal (A), and posterior (B) views. Right distal tarsals and metatarsus have been digitally removed in A.

Fig. 7 in Anatomy of a basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation of Antarctica

Fig. 7. Phylogenetic analysis of basal sauropodomorph dinosaurs based on Yates (2007a, b), and including Glacialisaurus and several novel characters (see Appendix 1). Bootstrap values greater than 50% are listed above nodes, and Bremer decay indices greater than 1 are listed below nodes. Relationships among non−sauropodomorph taxa (here collapsed into an "outgroup" lineage) are identical to those recovered in Yates (2007a, b). Several taxon labels (in bold) follow Yates (2007b).