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FIG. 14 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 14. — Zoroaster gilesii Alcock, 1893: A, actinal and B, abactinal surfaces of the syntype; MNHN-IE-2014-357. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 8 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 8. — Asteriscus cepheus Müller & Troschel, 1842; A, abactinal; B, actinal surfaces of the holotype; MNHN-IE-2014-98. Scale bar: 20 mm.

FIG. 13 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 13. — Stellasteropsis fouadi Dollfus, 1936: A, abactinal; B, actinal surfaces of the lectotype; MNHN-IE-2014-49. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 9 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 9. — Persephonaster coelochilus Alcock, 1893: A, actinal surface; B, profile view and C, abactinal surface of the syntype; MNHN-IE-2014-115. Scale bar: 50 mm.

FIG. 4 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 4. — Zoroaster barathri Alcock, 1893: A, abactinal; B, actinal surfaces of the syntype; MNHN-IE-2014-413. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 11 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 11. — Persephonaster croceus Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891: A, abactinal; B, actinal surfaces of the syntype; MNHN-IE-2014-432. Scale bar: 20 mm.

FIG. 10 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 10. — Culcita coriacea Müller & Troschel, 1842: A, abactinal; B, actinal surfaces of the syntype; MNHN-IE-2014-461. Scale bar: 50 mm.

FIG. 3 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 3. — Pentaceros alveolatus Perrier, 1875: A, abactinal; B, actinal surface of a syntype; MNHN-IE-2014-479. Scale bar: 50 mm.

FIG. 2 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 2. — Astropecten alatus Perrier, 1875: A, abactinal; B, actinal surfaces of the holotype; MNHN-IE-2014-4. Scale bar: 20 mm.

FIG. 7 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 7. — Stolasterias candicans Ludwig, 1803: A, abactinal; B, actinal surfaces of the syntype; MNHN-IE-2014-447. Scale bar: 20 mm.

FIG. 6 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 6. — Asteriscus calcaratus Perrier, 1869: A, abactinal; B, actinal surfaces of the holotype; MNHN-IE-2014-443. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 29 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 29. — Zoroaster sigsbeei Perrier, 1881: A, abactinal surface; B, profile view of a syntype; MNHN-IE-2014-282. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 12. Asterina frigida Koehler, 1917 in The type specimens of extant asteroids (Echinodermata) in the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle of Paris

FIG. 12. Asterina frigida Koehler, 1917: A, abactinal; B, actinal surfaces of syntypes; MNHN-IE-2014-269. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Fig. 5 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 5. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus flavus sp. nov. A, D, G–I: holotype (WMNH-INV-2016-135); B, E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-138); C, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-137). A, B, Lateral views of preserved states of the holotype and paratype, respectively; C, F, Right internal views of preserved states of a paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-137); D, E, tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) of the holotype and paratype, respectively; G, H, microphotograph of anterior dorsal skin of the holotype containing ossicles; I, microphotograph of ciliated funnels of the holotype. Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR, calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M, madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL, Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC, stone canal; te, tentacle.

Fig. 8 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 8. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–D: holotype (WMNH-INV-2019-299); E, F: paratype (WMNH-INV-2021-50). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal skin (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E, F, calcareous plates of medioventral RI (E) and mediodorsal IR5 (F) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles.

Fig. 3 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 3. SEM images of ciliated funnels of holotypes of three new Taeniogyrus species. A, T. albulus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV- 2017-100); B, T. flavus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2016-135); C, T. rubrus sp. nov. (WMNH-INV-2019-299).

Fig. 2 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 2. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus albulus sp. nov. A–G: holotype (WMNH-INV-2017-100); H: paratype (WMNH- INV-2018-23). A, B, Lateral views of preserved state and anaesthetized state, respectively; C, tentacles of left side (viewed from left side, dorsal upper); D, ciliated funnels along with lm RI (anterior left); E–G, microphotograph of anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E), anterior ventral skin containing ossicles (F), and ciliated funnels (G); H, left internal view of preserved states (anterior left). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR, calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M, madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL, Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC, stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle; wh, wheel ossicle.

Fig. 1. Map showing the Kii Peninsula. Blank circles and a in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 1. Map showing the Kii Peninsula. Blank circles and a solid black circle denote the sampling sites, for the three new taeniogyrid species of the present study and the previous studies (Yamana and Tanaka 2017a; Yamana et al. 2017), respectively.

Fig. 7 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 7. External and internal morphologies of Taeniogyrus rubrus sp. nov. A–E: paratype (WMNH-INV-2020-33); F–I: paratype (WMNH- INV-2021-50). A, B, Dorsal views of preserved state with anaesthetization and active state without anaesthetization, respectively; C–E, microphotographs of tentacles of left side (viewed from oral disc) (C), ciliated funnels situated along with lm RII (D) (anterior left), and anterior dorsal skin containing ossicles (E); F–I, microphotographs of discharging phase of wheel-papillae (F), discharged wheel-papillae (G), ciliated funnels (H), right internal view of preserved states (I) (anterior right). Abbreviations: ad, anterior dorsal; av, anterior ventral; CR: calcareous ring; fun: ciliated funnels; lm: longitudinal muscle; M: madreporite; pd, posterior dorsal; POL: Polian vesicle; pv, posterior ventral; SC: stone canal; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicle; te, tentacle.

Fig. 6 in Three New Infaunal Species of Taeniogyrus (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Apodida: Chiridotidae: Taeniogyrinae) from Southern Coast of Wakayama, Japan

Fig. 6. SEM image of calcareous ring parts and body ossicles of Taeniogyrus flavus sp. nov. A–D, F: holotype (WMNH-INV-2016-135); E: small-sized paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-140); G: middle sized paratype (WMNH-INV-2016-137). A, Right parts of calcareous ring (viewed from right side, dorsal upper); B–D, rod ossicles from a lateral tentacle (B), wheel ossicles from a wheel papilla of anterior dorsal (C), and sigmoid-hook ossicles from anterior dorsal skin (D); E–G, calcareous plate RI and IR5 of a small-sized paratype (E), RI of holotype (F), and IR5 of a middle-sized paratype (G) (anterior upper). Abbreviations: ro, rod ossicles; sh, sigmoid-hook ossicles; wh, wheel ossicles; wh', internal side of wheel ossicles.