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FIGURE 4 in The presence of Wilfredomys oenax (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil: a locally extinct species?

FIGURE 4: Map of the range distribution of Wilfredomys oenax. Numbered points correspond to known southeastern records from: (1) Ubatuba, São Paulo (Present work), (2) Abismo Iguatemi, Apiaí city, São Paulo (Castro & Langer, 2011), (3) Curitiba, Paraná (ÁvilaPires, 1960). Dotted circles represent data from live caught specimens and cross represents fossil records. The gray shaded area is the geographic distribution of the species suggested by IUCN (adapted from Vieira & Christoff, 2008), been considered extinct at Curitiba (heavy gray shaded area). Full solid lines indicate Brazilian Federal state boundaries; solid light gray lines indicate major rivers.

FIGURE 3 in The presence of Wilfredomys oenax (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil: a locally extinct species?

FIGURE 3: Detailed views of morphology of the skull (A-E and I), mandible (F) and upper (G) and lower (H) left molars of Wilfredomys oenax (based on MZUSP 6281, from Ubatuba, SP). Labeled structures and region includes: auditory bulla (ab), anteroflexus (af), anteroloph (al), angular notch (an), angular process (ap), anterolabial conule (aac), anterolingual conule (alc), anteromedium flexus (amf), buccinator-masticatory foramen (bmf), condyloid process (cp), capsular process of the lower incisor alveolus (cap), coronoid process (crp), incisive foramina (if), frontal (fr), foramen ovale accessorius (foa), mesopterygoid fossa (ms), nasal (na), parapterygoid fossa (pt), palatal pits (plt), sigmoid notch (sn), zygomatic notch (zn), zygomatic plate (zp), anterocone (AR), paracone (PA), protocone (PT). White arrow indicate shallow depression along the frontals. Black bars indicate comparatives width (C) and alignment (D) between structures. Note the confluence between bmf and foa as a result of the absence of bony strut on the alisphenoid (see Voss, 1991: fig. 12), and that main molar cups are typed in upper case letters with two letter abbreviation.

FIGURE 2 in The presence of Wilfredomys oenax (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil: a locally extinct species?

FIGURE 2: Dorsal and ventral views of the skin of Wilfredomys oenax (MZUSP 6281) from Ubatuba, São Paulo. This skin was erroneously given a tag with the number MZUSP 7501, but note a second tag with 6281 on it, which corresponds to the skull MZUSP 6281. Scale 15 mm.

FIGURE 1 in The presence of Wilfredomys oenax (Rodentia: Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil: a locally extinct species?

FIGURE 1: Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the cranium and lateral and dorsal views of the mandible of Wilfredomys oenax (MZUSP 6281) from Ubatuba, São Paulo. Scale 10 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Extinction risk or lack of sampling in a threatened species: Genetic structure and environmental suitability of the neotropical frog Pristimantis penelopus (Anura: Craugastoridae)

FIGURE 2: (Left) Maximum clade credibility tree depicting the phylogenetic position of Pristimantis penelopus within the P. ridens series. Numbers on nodes indicate posterior probabilities. Numbers below nodes represent nodal support using the ultrafast bootstrap (see methods). Asterisks indicate nodal support above 95% in both Bayesian and ML methods. (Right) Haplotype network based on 460 bp of the COI region. Numbers of mutational steps are shown on the lines connecting haplotypes. Colors refer to geographic locations shown in Figure 1.

FIGURE 4 in Extinction risk or lack of sampling in a threatened species: Genetic structure and environmental suitability of the neotropical frog Pristimantis penelopus (Anura: Craugastoridae)

FIGURE 4: Potential distribution of Pristimantis penelopus based on ecological niche modeling (red). Yellow dots represents occurrence localities used to calibrate the model. See main text for details.

FIGURE 1 in Extinction risk or lack of sampling in a threatened species: Genetic structure and environmental suitability of the neotropical frog Pristimantis penelopus (Anura: Craugastoridae)

FIGURE 1: Geographic sampling of Pristimantis penelopus. Colored circles indicate sequenced specimens. Different colors represent the populations used in the genetic analysis (see Figure 2 for color codes).

FIGURE 3 in Extinction risk or lack of sampling in a threatened species: Genetic structure and environmental suitability of the neotropical frog Pristimantis penelopus (Anura: Craugastoridae)

FIGURE 3: Phenotypic variation of Pristimantis penelopus across its distribution. Localitites are shown in Appendix 1.

FIGURE 9 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 9. Oncopareia lunata (Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887); incomplete cephalothorax with pleon from the lower–middle Turonian (Bílá Hora Formation) in Prague, Czech Republic (NM O3473). A, Digital copy of the figure from Fritsch and Kafka (1887, pl. 5, fig. 6). B, Holotype in dorsal view with morphological features highlighted by pencil (presumably by Fritsch himself). C, Holotype in dorsal view with pencil marks removed. D, Holotype in lateral view.

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 7. Nymphaeops coesfeldiensis Schlüter, 1862 (= Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854, as here understood). A, Incomplete cephalothorax with associated pleon in lateral view (from Schlüter, 1862, pl. 13, fig. 3). B, Cephalothorax and pleon in dorsal view (from Schlüter, 1862, pl. 13, fig. 6). C, Reconstruction of cephalothorax in dorsal view (from Schlüter, 1879, pl. 15, fig. 2). D, Near-complete individual in lateral view (from Schlüter, 1879, pl. 15, fig. 1). E, Cephalothorax and pleon in lateral view (from Mertin, 1941, text-fig. 9a). F, Pectinate claw (from Mertin, 1941, text-fig. 10k). G, Crusher claw (from Mertin, 1941, text-fig. 10b). H, Crusher claw (from Mertin, 1941, text-fig. 10d). Nymphaeops coesfeldiensis Schlüter, 1862 (= Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854, as here understood) from the Vaals Formation (lower Campanian) at the former CPL SA quarry, Haccourt, north-east Belgium (I–K). I, Near-complete cephalothorax with associated appendages in lateral view (NHMM JJ 9974). J, Crusher claw (NHMM HB 393). K, Fingers of pectinate claw (NHMM HB 756). Figure parts A–H not to scale.

FIGURE 10 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 10. Hoploparia beyrichi Schlüter, 1862; upper Maastrichtian (Kunrade Formation), Kunrade area, southern Limburg, the Netherlands. A, Pleon in lateral view (from Bosquet, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 6). B, Right claw in inner and outer lateral views (from Bosquet, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 71). C, Incomplete right claw (from Bosquet, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 7). D, E, Pleon in dorsal (D) and lateral (E) views (IRScNB 90-32f). F–H, Fragmentary claw (right propodus) in inner lateral (F), outer lateral (G) and dorsal (H) views (IRScNB 90-19j). I, Cephalothorax with associated incomplete pleon in lateral view (IRScNB 90-32d). J, Right claw (propodus and carpus) in inner lateral view (IRScNB 90-24b). K, Cephalothorax with associated pleon (holotype, MB. A. 209). L–M, Cephalothorax in lateral (L) and dorsal (M) views (IRScNB 90- 33g). Specimens were whitened with ammonium chloride prior to photography.

FIGURE 6. Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 6. Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854; isolated cephalothoraxes from the upper Turonian (uppermost part of the Jizera Formation) at Vinary near Vysoké Mýto, Czech Republic. A, Isolated cephalothorax in lateral view (NM O3470). B, Digital copy of Fritsch and Kafka (1887, pl. 5, fig. 2). C, Isolated cephalothorax in lateral view (NM O6861). Both specimens were whitened with ammonium chloride prior to photography.

FIGURE 4. Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 4. Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854; cephalothorax with associated pleonal segments 1 and 2 and both claws (MNHN R03408) from the upper Maastrichtian (Kunrade Formation) at Kunrade, the Netherlands. A, Cephalothorax in left lateral view. B, Cephalothorax in dorsal view. C, Cephalothorax in right lateral view. D, Both claws. E, Crusher claw in lateral view.

FIGURE 3. Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 3. Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854; upper Maastrichtian (Kunrade Formation) of the Kunrade area, southern Limburg, the Netherlands. A, Cephalothorax in lateral view (from Bosquet, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 5). B, Anterior portion of cephalothorax in lateral view (from Bosquet, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 8). C, Cephalothorax with pleon and tailfan in lateral view (from Bosquet, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 61). D, Cephalothorax in lateral view (IRScNB 90-32c). E, Cephalothorax in lateral view (IRScNB 90-17). F, Anterior portion of cephalothorax in lateral view (IRScNB 90-15b). G, Incomplete individual in lateral view (IRScNB 90-33f, designated lectotype herein). H, I, Pleon in lateral (H) and dorsal (I) views (IRScNB 90-35c). J, Pleonal segments 1–3 in lateral view (IRScNB 90-23b). K, Right (crusher) and left (pectinate) claws of the same individual (IRScNB 90-28). L, Fingers of pectinate claw in lateral view (IRScNB 90-3b). M, Crusher claw in lateral view (IRScNB 90-32a). N, Pectinate claw in lateral view (IRScNB 90-27b). Specimens in D–F and H–N were whitened with ammonium chloride prior to photography.

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 2. Oncopareia bredai (sensu Bosquet, 1854), as a composite species. A, Cephalothorax of O. bredai (from Bosquet, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 5). B, Pleon of Hoploparia beyrichi Schlüter, 1862 (from Bosquet, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 6). C, Claw of H. beyrichi (from Bosquet, 1854, pl. 10, fig. 71b). D, Composite drawing from Mertin (1941, text-fig. 9e). E, Pleonal segments 1 and 2 of O. bredai (as Homarus bosqueti Pelseneer, 1886; from Pelseneer, 1886, fig. 4).

FIGURE 8 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 8. Species of Oncopareia based on fragmentary specimens. A–E. Oncopareia esocina (Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887); pectinate claw with associated pleon and tailfan from the lower Coniacian (Teplice Formation) at Oškobrh near Poděbrady, Czech Republic. A, Digital copy of figure from Fritsch and Kafka (1887, text-fig. 59). B, Digital copy of figure from Fritsch and Kafka (1887, pl. 4, fig. 7). C, Part of the holotype (NM O3467). D, Counterpart of the holotype (NM O3468). E, Detailed view of pectinate claw. F, G, Oncopareia klintebjergensis Jakobsen and Collins, 1979; Paleocene (Lellinge Greensand Limestone) of Klintebjerg, Denmark. F, Incomplete cephalothorax in lateral view (holotype). G, Fingers of pectinate claw (paratype).

FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 1. Morphology of cephalothorax and a general habitus of studied taxa. A, Cephalothorax of nephropid lobsters with selected morphological characters (modified from Tshudy and Sorhannus, 2003). B, Habitus of thaumastocheliform lobsters, exemplified by Thaumastocheles zaleucus (from Calman, 1911). C, Habitus of ctenochelid ghost shrimps, exemplified by Ctenocheles balssi (from Kishinouye, 1926). D, Groove pattern of Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854 (redrawn from Tshudy and Sorhannus, 2000b, fig. 2.2). E, Groove pattern of Hoploparia beyrichi Schlüter, 1862 (redrawn from Tshudy and Sorhannus, 2000b, fig. 2.3).

FIGURE 5. Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 5. Oncopareia bredai Bosquet, 1854, cephalothoraxes, partial pleons and isolated claws; with exception of H (which is from the upper Campanian Zeven Wegen Member), all are from the Vijlen Member, interval 6 (upper lower Maastrichtian) at the CPL/CBR quarry complex near Haccourt and Lixhe, north-east Belgium. A, Cephalothorax in right lateral view (NHMM JJ 15836). B, C, Cephalothorax in right lateral view, and counterpart (NHMM JJ 6741). D, E, Cephalothorax in right lateral view, and counterpart (NHMM JJ 14618). F, Fragmentary cephalothorax and pleon in right lateral view (NHMM JJ 6764). G, Isolated pleura (NHMM JJ 6741). I, Fragment of cephalothorax and pectinate claw (NHMM JJ 14618). J, pectinate claw in lateral view (NHMM JJ 15534). K, crusher claw in lateral view (NHMM JJ 7194). L, fragmentary pectinate claw in lateral view (NHMM JJ 6839).

FIGURE 12. Astacidean lobsters with uncertain affinities. A-B in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 12. Astacidean lobsters with uncertain affinities. A-B, "Hoploparia" macrodactyla Schlüter, in von der Marck and Schlüter, 1868; fragmentary cephalothorax with associated claws (from Schlüter, 1862, pl. 11, fig. 5). C, "Nymphaeops" belgicus Forir, 1887; cephalothorax in dorsal view (from Forir, 1887, pl. 7, fig. 1). D, "Nymphaeops" sendenhorstensis Schlüter, 1862; cephalothorax with pleon and chelipeds (from Schlüter, 1862, pl. 14, fig. 5).

FIGURE 11 in Taxonomic revision of the extinct clawed lobster genus Oncopareia Bosquet, 1854 (Decapoda, Astacidea, Nephropidae)

FIGURE 11. Hoploparia biserialis Fritsch, in Fritsch and Kafka, 1887; lower–middle Turonian (Bílá Hora Formation) in Prague, Czech Republic. A, Cephalothorax with pleon and tailfan in lateral view (lectotype, NM O4044). B-C, Isolated right cutter claw in dorsal (B) and lateral (C) views (NM O3457). Specimen in A was whitened with ammonium chloride prior to photography.