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5,371 results for “Flow”
tobac-flow Validation data
<p>Validation results for the detection of cores and anvils using the tobac-flow method</p> <p>Validation was performed over 297 days in 2018. Other days were excluded due to missing ABI or GLM data. Validation was performed over a subset of the GOES-16 CONUS scan region.</p>
Data from: Restriction site-associated DNA sequencing reveals local adaptation despite high levels of gene flow in Sardinella lemuru (Bleeker, 1853) along the northern coast of Mindanao, Philippines
<p>Stock identification and delineation are important in the management and conservation of marine resources. These were highlighted as priority research areas for Bali sardinella (<em>Sardinella lemuru</em>) which is among the most commercially important fishery resources in the Philippines. Previous studies have already assessed the stocks of <em>S. lemuru</em> between Northern Mindanao Region (NMR) and Northern Zamboanga Peninsula (NZP), yielding conflicting results. Phenotypic variation suggests distinct stocks between the two regions, while mitochondrial DNA did not detect evidence of genetic differentiation for this high gene flow species. This paper tested the hypothesis of regional structuring using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) acquired through restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). We examined patterns of population genomic structure using a full panel of 3,573 loci, which was then partitioned into a neutral panel of 3,348 loci and an outlier panel of 31 loci. Similar inferences were obtained from the full and neutral panels, which were contrary to the inferences from the outlier panel. While the full and neutral panels suggested a panmictic population (global F<sub>ST</sub> ~ 0, p > 0.05), the outlier panel revealed genetic differentiation between the two regions (global F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.161, p = 0.001; F<sub>CT</sub> = 0.263, p < 0.05). This indicated that while gene flow is apparent, selective forces due to environmental heterogeneity between the two regions play a role in maintaining adaptive variation. Annotation of the outlier loci returned five genes that were mostly involved in organismal development. Meanwhile, three unannotated loci had allele frequencies that correlated with sea surface temperature. Overall, our results provided support for local adaptation despite high levels of gene flow in <em>S. lemuru</em>. Management therefore should not only focus on demographic parameters (e.g., stock size, catch volume), but also consider the preservation of adaptive variation.</p>
Population genomics of a forest fungus reveals high gene flow and climate adaptation signatures
Genome sequencing of spatially distributed individuals sheds light on how evolution structures genetic variation. Populations of <i>Phellopilus nigrolimitatus</i>, a red-listed wood-inhabiting fungus associated with old-growth coniferous forests, have decreased in size over the last century due to a loss of suitable habitats. We assessed the population genetic structure and investigated local adaptation in<i> P. nigrolimitatus</i>, by establishing a reference genome and genotyping 327 individuals sampled from 24 locations in Northern Europe by RAD sequencing. We revealed a shallow population genetic structure, indicating large historical population sizes and high levels of gene flow. Despite this weak sub-structuring, two genetic groups were recognized; a western group distributed mostly in Norway and an eastern group covering most of Finland, Poland and Russia. This sub-structuring may reflect co-immigration with the main host, Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>), into Northern Europe after the last ice age. We found evidence of low levels of genetic diversity in southwestern Finland, which has a long history of intensive forestry and urbanization. Numerous loci were significantly associated with one or more environmental factors, indicating adaptation to specific environments. These loci clustered into two groups with different associations with temperature and precipitation. Overall, our findings indicate that the current population genetic structure of P. nigrolimitatus results from a combination of gene flow, genetic drift and selection. The acquisition of similar knowledge especially over broad geographic scales, linking signatures of adaptive genetic variation to evolutionary processes and environmental variation, for other fungal species will undoubtedly be useful for assessment of the combined effects of habitat fragmentation and climate change on fungi strongly bound to old-growth forests. --
Dataset: Effect of Macrorough Sidewalls on Flow Resistance in Steep Rough Channels
<p>The data set includes reach-averaged flow velocity measurements and bed and sidewall roughness parameters for flume experiments conducted at the Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology, and Glaciology (VAW) at ETH Zurich.</p>
Maps of depths are created for the site of 50 m length. Flow types are turbulent, broken standing waves, unbroken standing waves, and rippled. The average width was 8 m and varied from 5.5 to 12 m. Bed elements included bars, rocks, and step/pools. The average depth was 0.35 m, with a maximum of 0.6 m. The average velocity was 0.4 m/s, with a maximum of 1.2 m/s (figs 10). Distribution of bottom habitats at the locations with the crayfish are as follows: megalital — 5 %, macrolithal — 30 %, mesolithal — 25 %, microlithal — 15 %, psammal — 15 %, CPOM — 10 %. Assessment by hydrobiological parameters showed that the presence of Lyngbya and Oscillatoria, as well as the increase of the number of Oligochae- in New Findings Of White Clawed Crayfish, Austropotamobius Pallipes (Decapoda, Astacidae), And Peculiarities Of Its Spatial Distribution In Neretvica (Bosnia And Herzegovina)
Maps of depths are created for the site of 50 m length. Flow types are turbulent, broken standing waves, unbroken standing waves, and rippled. The average width was 8 m and varied from 5.5 to 12 m. Bed elements included bars, rocks, and step/pools. The average depth was 0.35 m, with a maximum of 0.6 m. The average velocity was 0.4 m/s, with a maximum of 1.2 m/s (figs 10). Distribution of bottom habitats at the locations with the crayfish are as follows: megalital — 5 %, macrolithal — 30 %, mesolithal — 25 %, microlithal — 15 %, psammal — 15 %, CPOM — 10 %. Assessment by hydrobiological parameters showed that the presence of Lyngbya and Oscillatoria, as well as the increase of the number of Oligochae-
Experimental data on the effects of an azimuthal mean flow on the (thermo)acoustic modes in the annular electroacoustic feedback setup at TU Berlin
<p>Experimental data obtained in the presence of an azimuthal mean flow on the acoustic/thermoacoustic response in the annular electroacoustic feedback setup at TU Berlin. This dataset was used for the published article<br> S. C. Humbert, J. P. Moeck, A. Orchini, C. O. Paschereit, "Effect of an Azimuthal Mean Flow on the Structure and Stability of Thermoacoustic Modes in an Annular Combustor Model With Electroacoustic Feedback", J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. June 2021, 143(6): 061026. Experimental data as well as Matlab scripts to use them are provided. Useful information is contained in "readme" files.</p>
A whole-ecosystem experiment reveals flow-induced shifts in a stream community.
<p>This data set is the source for the modeling of a BACI design for experimental manipulation is a stream reach to assess changes in the stream community with emphasis on benthic algae and cyanobacteria.</p>
Flows of invasive ants worldwide to the United States
<p>International trade and human movements have accidentally transported thousands of species worldwide at an unprecedented scale. The resulting biological invasions are among the greatest drivers of species extinctions and can cause enormous economic losses. Understanding how globalization affects the accidental transport of species is urgent to prevent new invasions. However, global trade networks have had mixed success so far in explaining intercontinental species movements. Here, we show that commonly used proxies of global trade flows such as general imports and agricultural imports differed greatly from flows of alien ants from their donor regions to the United States. The analysis of 97 individual commodity flows revealed instead that plants and fruit imports, which are a small subset of all agricultural commodities, were associated with invasion flows. All 95 other commodities differed from flows of alien ants, including most "agricultural" commodities which had extremely heterogenous geographic origins. This highlights the need to know precisely which commodities serve as introduction pathways for a particular taxonomic group in order to explain invasion flows and identify likely source regions of future invasions in a world of changing trade relationships.</p>
3D Flow Field of a subaqueous cylindrical pendulum from large eddy simulation with fluid structure interaction
<p>Relevant data of fluid structure interaction large eddy simulation of a subaqueous cylindrical pendulum to reproduce the major findings of the article "Fluid structure interaction of a subaqueous pendulum: Analyzing the effect of wake correction via large eddy simulations" published in Physics of Fluids. The article has been published as open access: https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0086557</p>
Thermal demagnetization data of Risica et al. (Deposit-derived block-and-ash flows: the hazard posed by perched temporary tephra accumulations on volcanoes; 2018 Fuego disaster, Guatemala)
<p>Thermal demagnetization data (repository data) of Risica et al. "Deposit-derived block-and-ash flows: the hazard posed by perched temporary tephra accumulations on volcanoes; 2018 Fuego disaster, Guatemala".</p>
Estimation of groundwater flow rate by an actively heated fiber optics based thermal response test in a grouted borehole
<p>The dataset contains the numerical data and the <em>in-situ</em> measurements in the manuscript titled "Estimation of groundwater flow rate by an actively heated fiber-optics-based thermal response test in a grouted borehole". The data is stored in MAT files, which are Binary MATLAB files. There are a series of codes used in this manuscript to estimate groundwater flow rates. The codes were written in MATLAB Live Script, version 2021b.</p> <ul> <li>The numerical data contains temperatures of the heating stage in different thermal response tests in a numerical model, which considers the borehole effects. The model is set up by COMSOL Multiphysics, and a series of flow rates is set to the model respectively for different thermal response tests.</li> <li>The <em>in-situ</em> measurements include temperatures of the heating stage in an actively heated fiber-optics-based thermal response test, which was performed in July 2021 in the grouted borehole, which is located in the lower section of the Sima bend of the Yangtze River. The temperature for the flow rate estimation was thinned to 120 s records from 10s records for the limited computing resources.</li> <li>The <em>data_process.mlx</em> provides pre-processing for the observational data recorded by Silixa Ultima-M MK2 DTS. The <em>estimation_process.mlx </em>gives a groundwater flow estimation case in a grouted borehole.</li> </ul>
Flow properties of slow granular flows of irregular grains
<p>This repository holds the tomographic data of slow granular flows of irregular grains in shear cell and in silo. We tested the 3D flow properties of realistic (non-spherical) granular materials with special emphasis on the orientational ordering of the grains and its effect on the flowability of the sample. In this collaborative work between the Wigner Research Centre (Budapest) and Otto-von Guericke University (Magdeburg), laboratory experiments have been performed in two geometrical configurations: (I) quasi-static shear flow in a split bottom Couette shear device and (II) slow flow in a silo.<br> <br> The read_me.txt contains the structure of the data. Additional information/data not included in this repository is available upon request.</p>
Scale dependent spatial structuring of mountain river large bed elements maximizes flow resistance - Data Revision
<p>Datasets and R code related to manuscript entitled, "Scale dependent spatial structuring of mountain river large bed elements maximizes flow resistance". See '0_READ_ME.rtf' file for additional description of available files.</p>
Whole-genome analysis of multiple wood ant population pairs supports similar speciation histories, but different degrees of gene flow, across their European ranges
<p>The application of demographic history modelling and inference to the study of divergence between species has become a cornerstone of speciation genomics. Speciation histories are usually reconstructed by analysing single populations from each species, assuming that the inferred population history represents the actual speciation history. However, this assumption may not be met when species diverge with gene flow, e.g., when secondary contact may be confined to specific geographic regions. Here, we tested whether divergence histories inferred from heterospecific populations may vary depending on their geographic locations, using the two wood ant species <em>Formica polyctena</em> and <em>F. aquilonia</em>. We performed whole-genome resequencing of 20 individuals sampled in multiple locations across the European ranges of both species. Then, we reconstructed the histories of distinct heterospecific population pairs using a coalescent-based approach. Our analyses always supported a scenario of divergence with gene flow, suggesting that divergence started in the Pleistocene (ca. 500 kya) and occurred with continuous asymmetrical gene flow from <em>F. aquilonia</em> to <em>F. polyctena</em> until a recent time, when migration became negligible (2-19 kya). However, we found support for contemporary gene flow in a sympatric pair from Finland, where the species hybridise, but no signature of recent bidirectional gene flow elsewhere. Overall, our results suggest that divergence histories reconstructed from a few individuals may be applicable at the species level. Nonetheless, the geographical context of populations chosen to represent their species should be taken into account, as it may affect estimates of migration rates between species when gene flow is spatially heterogeneous.</p>
Asymmetric song recognition does not influence gene flow in an emergent songbird hybrid zone
<p>Hybrid zones can be used to examine the mechanisms affecting reproductive isolation and speciation, like song. Song has equivocal support as a driver of speciation; we did not find song to cause reproductive isolation. We examined an emerging secondary contact zone between White-crowned Sparrow subspecies <em>pugetensis </em>and <em>gambelii </em>by measuring song variation, song recognition, plumage, morphology and mtDNA. Plumage and morphological characters provided evidence of hybridization in the contact zone, with some birds possessing plumage and song characteristics intermediate between the subspecies. Playback experiments revealed asymmetric song recognition: male <em>pugetensis </em>displayed greater response to their own song than <em>gambelii </em>song, whereas <em>gambelii </em>did not discriminate significantly. If female choice operates similarly to male song discrimination, we predicted asymmetric gene flow, resulting in a greater number of hybrids with <em>gambelii </em>mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Contrary to our prediction, more <em>gambelii </em>and putative hybrids in the contact zone possessed <em>pugetensis </em>mtDNA haplotypes, possibly due to greater <em>pugetensis </em>abundance and female-biased dispersal.</p>
The multilayer volume-of-fluid method for multiphase flows across scales: breaking waves, microfluidics, and membrane-less electrolyzers
<p>Supplementary movies to PhD thesis <a href="https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000547518">10.3929/ethz-b-000547518</a></p>
Temperature effect on non-Darcian flow in low-permeability porous media
<p>This dataset includes the measured threshold gradients and permeabilities of low permeability porous at 3 temperatures, and the measured hydraulic gradients and flow velocities of different permeabilities at 3 temperatures. The experiment is designed to reveal the temperature effects on the non-Darcian flow in low permeability porous media. </p>
Discrete Flow Cytometry of Underway Samples from Gradients 4 (2021) Using a BD Influx Cell Sorter
<p>The dataset consists of BD Influx-based analysis of phytoplankton populations from discrete flow cytometry data collected underway during the Gradients 2021 (Gradients 4/TN397) oceanographic research cruise in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. The analysis includes cell abundance, forward light scatter, and pigment fluorescence of individual cells, including picoeukaryotes and the cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus. The analysis also includes estimates of cell size, carbon content, and biomass using forward light scatter values and Mie Theory. Time is in UTC format, latitude and longitude are in decimal degrees, and depth is in meters. Further information can be found here: https://github.com/fribalet/FCSplankton</p>
Dataset for the development of a "Flow cell for operando X-ray photon-in-photon-out studies on photo-electrochemical thin film devices"
<p>All raw experimental data concerning this published ChemRxiv manuscript: https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12382529.v1 which is now published slightly revised here: https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.14433.1<br> <br> The dataset comprises raw data, analysis and short description:<br> - the CAD-files of the operando cell<br> - the grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) files of the as-synthesized thin film samples<br> - the high-energy resolution fluoresence-detected (HERFD) X-ray absorption (XAS) files of thin films during photoelectrochemical experimentation<br> - the photoelectrochemical data gathered during HERFD-XAS experiments<br> - the non-operando photoelectrochemical data on the thin film samples<br> - scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of a representative thin film cross-section<br> - the extended data contains additional information arranged in a word document that are directly linked to the main manuscript</p>
Data from: Inversion Invasions: when the genetic basis of local adaptation is concentrated within inversions in the face of gene flow
<p><span></span></p> <p>Across many species where inversions have been implicated in local adaptation, genomes often evolve to contain multiple, large inversions that arise early in divergence. Why this occurs has yet to be resolved. To address this gap, we built forward-time simulations in which inversions have flexible characteristics and can invade a metapopulation undergoing spatially divergent selection for a highly polygenic trait. In our simulations, inversions typically arose early in divergence, captured standing genetic variation upon mutation, and then accumulated many small-effect loci over time. Under special conditions, inversions could also arise late in adaptation and capture locally adapted alleles. Polygenic inversions behaved similarly to a single supergene of large effect and were detectable by genome scans. Our results show that characteristics of adaptive inversions found in empirical studies (e.g., multiple large, old inversions that are FST outliers, sometimes overlapping with other inversions) are consistent with a highly polygenic architecture, and inversions do not need to contain any large-effect genes to play an important role in local adaptation. By combining a population and quantitative genetic framework, our results give a deeper understanding of the specific conditions needed for inversions to be involved in adaptation when the genetic architecture is polygenic.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.