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FIGURE 8 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Hong Kong

FIGURE 8. Hydroides longistylaris, AM W40546. A, operculum. B, collar chaetae. C, limbate and capillary chaetae from chaetiger 4. D, details of limbate chaetae from chaetiger 4. E, uncini from chaetiger 4. F, anterior abdominal uncini. G, toothed edge of flat-trumpet chaetae from posterior abdomen. H, middle abdominal uncini. I, posterior abdominal uncini. (Scale bars: A=200 μm, B–C=30 μm, D=2 μm, E, H=10 μm, F, G, I =5 μm)

FIGURE 6 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Hong Kong

FIGURE 6. Hydroides elegans, AM W40540. A, operculum. B, bayonet collar chaeta. C, limbate chaetae from chaetiger 4. D, details of limbate chaetae from chaetiger 4. E, uncini from chaetiger 4. F, anterior abdominal uncini. G, middle abdominal uncini. H, posterior abdominal capillary. (Scale bars: A=100 μm, B, D–F=10 μm, C=20 μm)

FIGURE 5 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Hong Kong

FIGURE 5. Hydroides diramphus, AM W40539. A, operculum. B, bayonet collar chaetae. C, detail of denticulate capillary collar chaeta. D, thoracic limbate and capillary chaetae. E, uncini from chaetiger 7. F, anterior abdominal uncini. G, middle abdominal uncini. H, posterior abdominal uncini. I, toothed edge of flat-trumpet chaetae from posterior abdomen. (Scale bars: A=200 μm, B–C=30 μm, D–H=20 μm, I=10 μm)

FIGURE 2. A in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Hong Kong

FIGURE 2. A, Hydroides diramphus, AM W40539, lateral view, removed from tube. B, Hydroides elegans, AM W40540, showing the operculum and branchial crown. C–D, Protula bispiralis, associated with living corals, showing the branchial crown. E, Spirobranchus kraussii, AM W41410, operculum, lateral view, removed from tube. F. Spirobranchus tetraceros, associated with Porites lutea, showing the opercula and branchial crowns.

FIGURE 3. A–B in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Hong Kong

FIGURE 3. A–B: Hydroides albiceps, AM W40534, operculum, lateral and apical view. C: Hydroides operculatus, AM W41406, operculum, lateral view. D–J: Hydroides rhombobulus, AM W41407. D–E, operculum, lateral and apical view. F, G, collar chaetae. H, thoracic limbate chaeta. I, thoracic uncinus. J, abdominal uncinus. K–O: Protula bispiralis, AM W41409. K, dorsal view; L, limbate collar chaeta. M, limbate chaeta from chaetiger 6. N, abdominal sickle-shaped chaeta. O; abdominal uncinus. P–Q: Serpula cf. granulosa, AM W40554, operculum, lateral and apical view. (Scale bars: A–E=0.2 mm, F–G, O=50 μm, I–J=10 μm, K=5 mm, L–N=100 μm, P–Q=1 mm)

FIGURE 4 in Serpulidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) from Hong Kong

FIGURE 4. Hydroides albiceps, AM W40534. A, bayonet collar chaetae. B, detail of distal tip of bayonet collar chaeta. C, thoracic limbate chaetae. D, uncini from chaetiger 4. E, anterior abdominal uncini. F, middle abdominal uncini. G, H, posterior abdominal uncini. (Scale bars: A–F=10 μm)

FIGURE 1 in New Austrognathiidae (Gnathostomulida: Conophoralia) from Hong Kong and Japan: microscopic anatomy, ultrastructure and evolutionary implications

FIGURE 1. Austrognathia glandifera sp. nov.; reconstructions to show structures important for species determination. Sclerotized pharyngeal structures are shown as dorsal views and are shaded according to the phase effects of the phase-contrast microscope. These effects, such as the dark of the teeth and of the edges of the basal plate, are artefacts and don't represent real structural differences as implied. Some viewing them with bright-field, oblique illumination, or DIC would not see them. A, B. Basal plates. C, D. Jaws. E. Different developmental stages of conuli. Scale bars: 10 µm.

FIGURE 5 in New Austrognathiidae (Gnathostomulida: Conophoralia) from Hong Kong and Japan: microscopic anatomy, ultrastructure and evolutionary implications

FIGURE 5. Austrognatharia orientis sp. nov.; photomicrographs of adult specimens. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. B, C. Pharynx with basal plate and jaws at different focal planes. D–G. Different developmental stages of conuli of specimens from Hong Kong. H–O. Different developmental stages of conuli of specimens from Japan. Scale bars: A 100 µm; B, C 5 µm; D–G 5 µm; H–O 5 µm.

FIGURE 4 in New Austrognathiidae (Gnathostomulida: Conophoralia) from Hong Kong and Japan: microscopic anatomy, ultrastructure and evolutionary implications

FIGURE 4. Austrognatharia orientis sp. nov.; reconstructions to show structures important for species determination. Sclerotized pharyngeal structures are shown as dorsal views and are shaded according to the phase effects of the phase-contrast microscope. These effects, such as the dark of the teeth and of the edges of the basal plate, are artefacts and don't represent real structural differences as implied. Some viewing them with bright-field, oblique illumination, or DIC would not see them. A, B. Basal plates. C. Jaws. D. Different developmental stages of conuli. Scale bars: A, B, C 10 µm; D 5 µm.

FIGURE 7 in New Austrognathiidae (Gnathostomulida: Conophoralia) from Hong Kong and Japan: microscopic anatomy, ultrastructure and evolutionary implications

FIGURE 7. Austrognatharia orientis sp. nov.; electronmicrographs of conuli of specimens from Japan (A–E) and Hong Kong (F, G). A. Spermatogonium and late spermatid lying next to each other. B. Late stage of spermatid with slightly chaotic distribution of mitochondria. Note that the nurse cell entirely encloses the spermatid, especially the small rim of cytoplasm on the left side. C. Later stage of conulus with restricted distribution of mitochondria below the cingulum but no maturation layer. D. Cross section through the same developmental stage as in C. E. Sagittal section through apical part of mature conulus showing the cellular membrane, the maturation layer and the electron-dense cingulum. F. Sagittal section through conulus in stage of disintegration embedded within the bursal tissue. Note maturation layer above the cingulum. Inset: Magnification of basal body. G. Cross section through conulus in stage of disintegration embedded within the bursal tissue. Note maturation layer surrounding the cingulum. Inset: Magnification of basal body. Abbreviations: nc nurse cell, sd spermatid, sg spermatogonium. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, F, G 2 µm; E 200 nm.

FIGURE 2 in New Austrognathiidae (Gnathostomulida: Conophoralia) from Hong Kong and Japan: microscopic anatomy, ultrastructure and evolutionary implications

FIGURE 2. Austrognathia glandifera sp. nov.; photomicrographs of adult specimens. A. Dorsal view of whole specimen. Double arrowhead points to conuli embedded in bursal tissue. B. Posterior part with male copulatory organ. C. Pharynx with basal plate and jaws. D, E. Jaws. F. Basal plate. G. Conuli. Arrowhead points to granular layer. H. Lateral part of cingulum. Arrowhead points to granular layer. I. Conulus. Abbreviations: bp basal plate, c conulus, cop male copulatory organ, j jaw, o oocyte, pg glandular part of male copulatory organ, ph pharynx, p penis, t testis. Scale bars: A 100 µm; B 50 µm; C, G, I 10 µm; D, E, F 5 µm; H 2 µm.

FIGURE 6 in New Austrognathiidae (Gnathostomulida: Conophoralia) from Hong Kong and Japan: microscopic anatomy, ultrastructure and evolutionary implications

FIGURE 6. Austrognatharia orientis sp. nov.; electronmicrographs of protonephridia (A–E) and the male copulatory organ (F, G). A. Cilium and microvilli with indentation of terminal cell. Arrowheads point to origin of filamentous rods. B. Cross section through terminal cell and canal cell at a plane proximal to the termination of the microvilli of the terminal cell. C. Cross section through terminal cell and canal cell distal to the termination of the microvilli of the terminal cell. Arrows point to ECM. D. Detail of C showing the protonephridial canal and the surrounding six rods of filamentous material. Note that the rods are clearly an intracellular part of the canal cell. E. Section through the nephroporus showing the nephroporus cell and the canal cell. Note the cilium reaching from the protonephridial duct into the nephroporus and the many microvilli of the nephroporus cell. Asterisk marks the cilium of the terminal cell, arrowhead points to centriole of the nephroporus cell. F. Distal part of penis with electron-lucent vesicles. Arrows point to the basal matrix at the base of the penis cells. Note microvilli in the ejaculatory duct. G. Distal, glandular part of male copulatory organ enclosing a mature conulus. Note the numerous electron-dense vesicles in the gland cells. Abbreviations: c conulus, cc canal cell, ep epidermal cell, po nephroporus cell, tc terminal cell. Scale bars: A, D 250 nm; B, C, E 1 µm; F 2 µm; G 5 µm.

FIGURE 3 in New Austrognathiidae (Gnathostomulida: Conophoralia) from Hong Kong and Japan: microscopic anatomy, ultrastructure and evolutionary implications

FIGURE 3. Austrognathia glandifera sp. nov.; sagittal sections through copulatory organs. A–C. Photomicrographs of histological sections. D–G. Electronmicrographs of ultrathin sections. A. Bursa. B. Male copulatory organ. C. Penis. D. Sagittal section through bursa. E. Cross section through bursa. F. Detail of posterior portion of glandular part of male copulatory organ. G. Male copulatory organ. Abbreviations: ag anterior portion of glandular part of male copulatory organ, ba anterior part of bursa, bp posterior part of bursa, c conulus, g gut, gp gonopore, m muscle, n nucleus, o oocyte, pc parenchymal cell, p penis, pg posterior portion of glandular part of male copulatory organ, sd spermatic duct. Scale bars: A, B, C, D, G 10 µm; E 5 µm; F 2 µm.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Chaetopteridae) from Hong Kong, with comments on the phylogeny of the family

FIGURE 3. The chaetae of Mesochaetopterus tingkokensis n. sp. A–K, SEM micrographs; L–P, optical micrographs showing the shape of uncini. A and B, D–K: paratype IOCAS MBM240651; C: paratype IOCAS MBM240658; L–P: paratype AM W.47811. A, modified chaetae of A4. B, scale-like top surface of modified chaetae of A4. C, knife-like simple chaetae of A4. D, oar-like chaetae with pointed top on lateral side of A5. E, middle oar-like chaetae of A6. F, dorsal lateral lanceolate chaetae with rows of small projections from A3. G, uncini from ventral tori of B1 neuropodia. H, simple chaetae of C1 notopodia. I, uncini from ventral tori of C1 neuropodia. J, uncini in neuropodia from the middle of region C (chaetiger C20). K, uncini from neuropodia of the posterior of region C (chaetiger C34). L, Uncini from B1 neuropodia. M, Uncini from ventral (left) and lateral (right) tori of B2 neuropodia. N, Uncini from ventral (left) and lateral (right) tori of C1 neuropodia. O, Uncini from ventral tori of C20 (middle in region C). P, Uncini from ventral tori of C34 (posterior in region C). Scale bars: A, C–E: 200 µm; B, F, J–P: 20µm; G and I: 30µm; H: 100 µm.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Chaetopteridae) from Hong Kong, with comments on the phylogeny of the family

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic tree generated by two methods of analysis (ML/MP). A, based on concatenated COI, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA gene sequences; B–D, based on individual genes. Numbers above the branches represent ML/MP bootstrap values based on 1,000 replicates. Highest possible support is 100. Values below 70 are considered weak, and values below 50 are not shown. Clade with an asterisk indicates bootstrap value below 50.

FIGURE 2. Mesochaetopterus tingkokensis n in A new species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Chaetopteridae) from Hong Kong, with comments on the phylogeny of the family

FIGURE 2. Mesochaetopterus tingkokensis n. sp. B, C, J, K, L and N: holotype; A, D, F and H: paratype AM W.47813; E, G and I: paratype AM W.47812; M: paratype IOCAS MBM240651. A, dorsal view of anterior with palps. B, pigment on ventral prostomium. C, dorsal view of the junction between prostomium and A1, with arrows showing the pigments. D, lateral view of the region A and B1. E, dorsal view of anterior B1. F, lateral view of anterior B1. G, dorsal view of anterior B2. H, lateral view of anterior B2. I, ventral view of anterior B2. J, lateral view of posterior B2 and anterior C1, showing the auricular accessory feeding organs (cupules). K, parapodia of C8 (anterior region C). L, parapodia of C20 (middle of region C). M, parapodia of C24 (near posterior end) with arrows showing eggs. N, posterior end and pygidium. Abbreviations: p, palp; per: peristomium; pr: prostomium; no: notopodia; an: anus. All scar bars represent 1 mm.

FIGURE 1. Mesochaetopterus tingkokensis n in A new species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Chaetopteridae) from Hong Kong, with comments on the phylogeny of the family

FIGURE 1. Mesochaetopterus tingkokensis n. sp. A, A photograph of Ting Kok showing the mangrove stand in the foreground and the mudflat where the type specimens were collected. B, Three tubes on the beach, with the top 1–2 cm above the sediment surface. C, A whole worm (holotype). D, A whole tube. E, Ventral view of the anterior body of a live specimen. F, Lateral view of the anterior body of a live specimen. G, Newly collected live worms in a 9-cm Petri dish. H, Inner surface of tube with arrows showing perforations. C and E, holotype IOCAS MBM240650; F and G, paratype AM W.47811. B, C and D: Scale bars = 1 cm.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Mesochaetopterus (Annelida, Chaetopteridae) from Hong Kong, with comments on the phylogeny of the family

FIGURE 5. Comparison of Mesochaetopterus japonicus, M. selangolus and M. tingkokensis n. sp. A and D: CBM-ZW522; G: CBM-ZW523; B, E and H: CBM-ZW601; C and F: paratype AM W.47813; I: paratype IOCAS MBM240651.

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FIGURE 13. Caridina conghuensis n in To " bee " or not to be—on some ornamental shrimp from Guangdong Province, Southern China and Hong Kong SAR, with descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 13. Caridina conghuensis n. sp., paratype male, cl 3.7 mm (ZMB28225; Präp. 5053–5054) (A) first pereiopod; (B) second pereiopod; (C) third pereiopod; (D) dactylus of third pereiopod; (E) fifth pereiopod; (F) dactylus of fifth pereiopod; (G) endopod of male first pleopod (flattened), (H) endopod of male first pleopod (inner view in natural shape); (I) appendix masculina on male second pleopod.