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Fig. 4 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 4. Comparison of dental tissues (dentin versus enamel) and their d13C and d18O isotopes in unidentified horse teeth from the Optima Local Fauna Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA). R2 = 0.0002 for dentin, 0.5054 for enamel.

Fig. 1 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 1. δ13C values for Optima Local Fauna mammals (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA). Color differences between Agriotherium schneideri and other carnivorans (red vs. buff) and among herbivores (green vs. yellow) indicate the major statistical differences within these groups.

Fig. 3 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 3. Mesowear discriminant function analysis for Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA) artiodactyls and perissodactyls compared to closelyrelated taxa from other Miocene sites from North America and modern taxa (see Material and methods). A. Modern taxa (data from Fortelius and Solounias 2000; Rivals et al. 2007; Fraser and Theodor 2013; Schulz and Kaiser 2013; Taylor et al. 2014; Jones and DeSantis 2017; Mihlbachler et al. 2018). B. Equidae. C. Teleoceras. D. Artiodactyla. Abbreviations: Aa, Alces alces; Ab, Alcelaphus buselaphus; Ad, Antidorcas marsupialis; Al, Alcelaphus lichtensteinii; Am, Aepyceros melampus; An, Antilocapra americana; Ap, Axis porcinus; Ax, Axis axis; Bbp, Plains bison Bison bison; Bbw, Wood bison Bison bison; Be, Boocercus euryceros; Bt, Boselaphus tragocamelus; Bu, Budorcas taxicolor; Ca, Capreolus capreolus; Cc, Cervus canadensis; Cd, Cervus duvauceli; Ce, Ceratotherium simum; Ci, Capra ibex; Cm, Camelus dromedarius; Cs, Capricornis sumatraensis; Ct, Connochaetes taurinus; Db, Diceros bicornis; Ef, Equus ferus przewalski; Eg, Equus grevyi; Eha, Equus hartmannae; Ehe, Equus hemionus; Ek, Equus kiang; Eq, Equus quagga; Ez, Equus zebra; Gc, Giraffa camelopardalis; Gg, Gazella granti; Gt, Gazella thomsoni; He, Hippotragus equinus; Hn, Hippotragus niger; Ke, Kobus ellipsiprymnus; Lg, Lama glama; Lv, Lama vicugna; Lw, Litocranius walleri; Oc, Ovis canadensis; Oh, Odocoileus hemionus; Om, Ovibos moschatus; Oo, Ourebia ourebi; Ov, Odocoileus virginianus; Rr, Redunca redunca; Rs, Rhinoceros sondaicus; Ru, Rhinoceros unicornis; Sc, Syncerus caffer; Ta, Tragelaphus angasi; To, Taurotragus oryx; Tq, Tetracerus quadricornis; Ts, Tragelaphus scriptus; FL, Florida; KS, Kansas; NE, Nebraska; TX, Texas.

Fig. 2 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 2. Comparison of taxonomicallygrouped stable isotope values for Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA) horses (top), artiodactyls plus Mammut sp. (middle), and Teleoceras hicksi (bottom). Color differences indicate groupings that are statistically significantly different from one another. A. Average δ13C values. B. Average δ18O values.

Fig. 6 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 6. Tooth breakage percentages for Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA), Pleistocene, and modern felids and canids. Higher percent tooth breakage corresponds with darker shade. Pleistocene and modern data from Van Valkenburgh (2009).

Fig. 5 in The paleoecology of the Late Miocene mammals from the Optima Local Fauna of Oklahoma, USA

Fig. 5. Mesowear numerical values (MNS) for artiodactyls (green) and perissodactyls (yellow) from the Optima Local Fauna (Miocene, late Hemphillian, Oklahoma, USA). Color differences indicate groupings that are statistically significantly difference from one another.

Fig. 5 in A new late Miocene elasmotheriine rhinoceros from Morocco

Fig. 5. Distribution map of the Elasmotheriinae. The size of the symbols reflects the number of species in each site (one species for the smallest symbols, up to four for the largest one: Guonigou in China). Eoazara xerrii gen. et sp. nov. is from the area called "Skoura". Data from Geraads et al. 2021.

Fig. 4 in A new late Miocene elasmotheriine rhinoceros from Morocco

Fig. 4. Majority rule consensus tree of the 16 most parsimonious trees ob- tained by TNT on the data matrix of the 59 taxa that have at least 50% of the characters scored. Length = 1644; CI = 17; RI = 55. American taxa in green, Eurasian taxa in blue, African taxa in red. The dashed line extends to the taxa that might belong to the Elasmotheriinae as well.

Fig. 2 in A new late Miocene elasmotheriine rhinoceros from Morocco

Fig. 2. Elasmotheriine rhinoceros Eoazara xerrii gen. et sp. nov. from the upper Miocene of Skoura, Morocco. Skull FSC-Sk-250, occlusal surface of right M2–M3; buccal is to the top, anterior to the right.

Fig. 3 in A new late Miocene elasmotheriine rhinoceros from Morocco

Fig. 3. Elasmotheriine rhinoceros Eoazara xerrii gen. et sp. nov. from the upper Miocene of Skoura, Morocco. A. Second left metacarpal (FSC-Sk-45) in proximal (A1), anterior (A2), and lateral (A3) views. B. Imperfectly preserved right second metatarsal (FSC-Sk-53) in anterior (B1) and lateral (B2) views. C. Left first upper molar (FSC-Sk-33) in occlusal view. Scale bars: A, 50 mm; B, C, 100 mm.

Fig. 1 in A new late Miocene elasmotheriine rhinoceros from Morocco

Fig. 1. Elasmotheriine rhinoceros Eoazara xerrii gen. et sp. nov. from the upper Miocene of Skoura, Morocco. Skull (FSC-Sk-250) in left latero-dorsal (A1) and right lateral (A2) views. Antero-ventral view of the front part, showing the right lower incisor, premaxillae, and nasals (A3). Stereo view of the right auditory area (A4). A3, A4, in oblique view, not to scale.

Figure 4 in A late Miocene record of the echinoid Maretia (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) from Victoria, Australia.

Figure 4. Generalised map of the Indo-Pacific Region showing localities where fossil specimens attributable to Maretia have been found (•).

Figure 2 in A late Miocene record of the echinoid Maretia (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) from Victoria, Australia.

Figure 2. Maretia sp. aff. planulata (Lamarck, 1816): A-C, adapical, adoral, left lateral and posterior views of NMV P324333; D, E, adapical and adoral views, and F, aboral ambulacrum V detail of NMV P324332, both specimens from the late Miocene, Tambo River Formation, Swan Reach, Victoria. G-I, adapical, adoral, left lateral and posterior views of extant specimen of Maretia planulata from the Philippines. Scale bar 10 mm unless otherwise stated.

Figure 1. A, B in A late Miocene record of the echinoid Maretia (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) from Victoria, Australia.

Figure 1. A, B, general location maps; C, map of East Gippsland, Victoria, from Bairnsdale to Lakes Entrance, showing locality NMV PL3110 at Swan Reach.

Figure 3 in A late Miocene record of the echinoid Maretia (Echinoidea, Spatangoida) from Victoria, Australia.

Figure 3. Maretia sp. aff. planulata (Lamarck, 1816): A, adapical view of NMV P324337 recording presence of four gonopores; B, partial adoral view of NMV P324338 showing phyllodes and small tubercules at termination of interambulacra with peristome; C, partial adapical view of NMV P324332 showing interambulacra 1 and ambulacrun I and II; D, E, adoral view and labrum detail of NMV P324336; F, adapical view of NMV P324331; G, partial adoral view of NMV P324332 showing an indistinct section of subanal fasciole crossing episternal plates; H, partial posterior view of NMV P324333 with re-entrant section of subanal fasciole adjoining the periproct. Specimens from the late Miocene, Tambo River Formation, Swan Reach, Victoria. Scale bar 10 mm unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 - A in Decapod assemblage from the late Miocene (early-middle Messinian) of the Romagna Apennines nearby Brisighella, Emilia-Romagna (N Italy)

Fig. 3 - A) Monodaeus bortolottii Delle Cave, 1988, MSF 2300 (x 2.6). B) Goneplax cf. G. gulderi Bachmayer, 1953, MSF 2332 (x 10). C) Family, genus and species indet., MSF 2316 (x 16.6).

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Fig. 2 - A in Decapod assemblage from the late Miocene (early-middle Messinian) of the Romagna Apennines nearby Brisighella, Emilia-Romagna (N Italy)

Fig. 2 - A) Galathea cf. G. weinfurteri Bachmayer, 1950, MSF 2337 (x 3.1). B) Medorippe ampla Garassino, De Angeli, Gallo Pasini, 2004, MSF 2317 (x 8). C) Palaeomyra bispinosa A. Milne Edwards in E. Sismonda, 1861, MSF 2314 (x 3).

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Fig. 7 in Late-Miocene Moldavian Petrified Forest

Fig. 7 - Prunoidoxylon multiporosum Duperon, 1976. Specimen Pb59; a, b, c – cross-section: aspects of growth rings, diffuse porous distribution of vessels, fine and broad rays, regular libriform fibers, relatively badly preserved; d, e, f – tangential section, crystals in vessels (d) uniseriate and multiseriate rays (e, f); g, h, i – radial section, simple perforated plates poorly preserved, small pits on paratracheal fibrotracheids (i), poorly preserved cross-fields.

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Fig. 6 in Late-Miocene Moldavian Petrified Forest

Fig. 6 - Populoxylon tremuloides Iamandei & Iamandei 2006. Specimen Pb14. a, b, c – cross-section: aspect of growth rings, diffuse porous distribution of vessels, fine rays, regular libriform fibers; d, e, f – tangential section: poorly preserved alternate intervascular pitting (e), uniseriate rays; g, h, i – radial section, simple perforated plates (g), poorly preserved cross-fields with vessels.