Find research datasets worth reusing

Fig. 19. Corethrella redacta Borkent, 2008, female adult. A in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 19. Corethrella redacta Borkent, 2008, female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view.

Fig. 20. Corethrella amazonica Lane, 1939, female adult. A in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 20. Corethrella amazonica Lane, 1939, female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view.

Fig. 21 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 21. Corethrella davisi Shannon & Del Ponte, 1928. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Exuvia of larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. G. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. H. Pupal methatorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 10 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 10. Corethrella unifasciata sp. nov., female adult, holotype (MZUSP). A. Head, anterior view. B. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. C. Left palpus, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Pedicel and flagellomeres, lateral view. F. Thorax and legs, lateral view. G. Detail of thorax, lateral view. H. Thoracic setae, lateral view. I. Wing veins. J. Wing. K. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. L. Abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 14. Corethrella carariensis Borkent, 2008, adult. A in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 14. Corethrella carariensis Borkent, 2008, adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg empodium, lateral view.

Fig. 2 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 2. Maps of the geographical scope of this paper. A. Map of Brazil; colors represent the official geopolitical regions; stars indicate the states with any record of Corethrellidae. B. Map of Bahia State indicating sampling sites: 1 = Lençóis (Chapada Diamantina National Park); 2 = Palmeiras (Chapada Diamantina National Park); 3 = Rio de Contas; 4 = Maracás; 5 = Maraú; 6 = Uruçuca; 7 = Ilhéus; 8 = Porto Seguro (Estação Veracel Private Natural Heritage Reserve). Abreviations of Brazilian states: AC = Acre; AL = Alagoas; AM = Amazonas; AP = Amapá; BA = Bahia; CE = Ceará; DF = Distrito Federal; ES = Espírito Santo; GO = Goiás; MA = Maranhão; MG = Minas Gerais; MS = Mato Grosso do Sul; MT = Mato Grosso; PA = Pará; PB = Paraíba; PE = Pernambuco; PI = Piauí; PR = Paraná; RJ = Rio de Janeiro; RN = Rio Grande do Norte; RO = Rondônia; RR = Roraima; RS = Rio Grande do Sul; SC = Santa Catarina; SE = Sergipe; SP = São Paulo; TO = Tocantins.

Fig. 1. Female adult Corethrella peruviana Lane, 1939 biting a in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 1. Female adult Corethrella peruviana Lane, 1939 biting a male Boana faber (Wied-Neuwied, 1821), Porto Seguro, Bahia, 30 Aug. 2019.

Fig. 9 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 9. Corethrella fuscifimbria sp. nov., female adult, holotype (MZUSP). A. Head, anterior view. B. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. C. Left palpus, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Pedicel and flagellomeres, lateral view. F. Thorax and legs, lateral view. G. Detail of thorax, lateral view. H. Thoracic setae, lateral view. I. Wing veins. J. Wing. K. Hind leg claw and empodium. L. Abdomen, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 4. Corethrella pindorama sp. nov., female adult, holotype (MZUSP). A. Head in anterior view. B. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. C. Left palpus, lateral view. D. Flagellomeres, lateral view. E. Flagellomeres and pedicel, lateral view. F. Thorax and legs, lateral view. G. Detail of thorax, lateral view. H. Thoracic setae, lateral view. I. Wing veins. J. Wing. K. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. L. Abdomen, dorsal view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 13 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 13. Corethrella xokleng Amaral, Mariano & Pinho, 2019, adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view.

Fig. 12 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 12. Corethrella yucuman Caldart & Pinho, 2016, adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg empodium, lateral view.

Fig. 18. Corethrella blanda Dyar, 1928. A–C. Female adult. A in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 18. Corethrella blanda Dyar, 1928. A–C. Female adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view. E. Exuvia of larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. G. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. H. Pupal methatorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 16. Corethrella peruviana Lane, 1939. A in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 16. Corethrella peruviana Lane, 1939. A. Adult cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and female clypeus in anterior view. B. Adult thoracic setae, lateral view. C. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. D. Larval exuvia, ventral view, in two pieces. E. Exuvia of larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. F. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. G. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. H. Pupal methatorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 17 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 17. Corethrella munteantaroku Amaral, Mariano & Pinho, 2019, male adult. A. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. B. Thoracic setae, lateral view.

Fig. 7 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 7. Corethrella bifida sp. nov., larva and pupa. A. Larval exuvia, ventral view. B. Exuvia of larval head, ventral view, except mandible in dorsal view. C. Siphon of larva, dorsal view. D. Pupal exuvia, dorsal view. E. Pupal respiratory organ, dorsal view. F. Pupal metathorax and abdomen, dorsal and ventral views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

Fig. 8 in Description of five new species of frog-biting midges (Diptera, Corethrellidae) from Brazil and examination of new morphological characters with utility for taxonomic and phylogenetic studies

Fig. 8. Corethrella patasho sp. nov., female adult, holotype.A. Head, anterior view.B. Cranial setae, anterior and posterior views, and clypeus in anterior view. C. Left palpus, lateral view. D. Antenna, lateral view. E. Flagellomeres and pedicel, lateral view. F. Thorax and legs, lateral view. G. Detail of thorax, lateral view. H. Thoracic setae, lateral view. I. Wing veins. J. Wing. K. Hind leg claw and empodium, lateral view. L. Abdomen, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Phylogeny of Maculinea blues (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) based on morphological and ecological characters: evolution of parasitic myrmecophily

Fig. 3. One of the four equally most parsimonious trees (length 306, CI 0.33, RI 0.63; chosen at random: individual source trees differ only in position of terminals within Phengaris, M. teleius and M. alcon group: see Fig. 2), with character states that support individual clades. Nonhomoplastic autapomorphies are black, homoplastic apomorphies white. Numbers above branches refer to characters, numbers below branches to character states (see Appendix 1 for character descriptions).

Fig. 4 in Phylogeny of Maculinea blues (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) based on morphological and ecological characters: evolution of parasitic myrmecophily

Fig. 4. Evolution of the life history traits of Maculinea butterflies and their relatives. Only the species for which states of all relevant characters are reliably well-known are included (see Table 1), but the overall topology of the tree including all terminals (Figs 2 & 3) is preserved. (A) Myrmecophily. M. nausithous is optimized as a modified predatory species (see ''Evolution of life histories''). (B) Host plants and habitat associations. Rosids and asterids are two well-supported clades of eudicot angiosperm plants (see Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, 2003): Fabaceae and Rosaceae are included in the former, Lamiaceae, Gentianaceae, and Campanulaceae in the latter. In some cases, character-state optimization is derived from the all-species tree (Fig. 3).

Fig. 1 in Phylogeny of Maculinea blues (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) based on morphological and ecological characters: evolution of parasitic myrmecophily

Fig. 1. System of coding of wing pattern traits used in the phylogenetic study of Maculinea and their relatives.

Fig. 2 in Phylogeny of Maculinea blues (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) based on morphological and ecological characters: evolution of parasitic myrmecophily

Fig. 2. Strict consensus of the four equally most parsimonious trees (length 306, CI 0.33, RI 0.63) showing proposed phylogenetic relationships within the ''Glaucopsyche-section'' of Lycaenidae: Polyommatini. Bootstrap and Bremer support are shown above and below the nodes, respectively.