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FIGURE 8 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 8. Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934), Christmas Island, male 15.4 × 18.7 mm, Christmas Island, WAM C13968 (A, B, E, G–M), female 14.3 × 18.05 mm, WAM C13968 (C, D, F). Right chela, outer (A, C) and inner views (B, D), arrow indicate 'stridulating' ridge; merus of right cheliped, inner view (E, F); right ambulatory legs 1–4 (P2–P5), outer view (G–J); distal part of propodi and dactyli of right ambulatory legs 1–3, ventral view (K–M) (scale bars, 2 mm).

FIGURE 7 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 7. Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934), 1 male 15.4 × 18.7 mm, Christmas Island, WAM C13968. A. dorsal habitus; B– D carapace and chelae, dorsal, ventral, frontal views, respectively; E. Front, orbits, buccal cavern and pterygostomian area (scales bars, 5 mm).

FIGURE 6 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 6. Geographic distribution of the 17 or 18 species of Karstarma, from west to east: Karstarma vulcan and K. sp. (Réunion); K. jacksoni (Christmas Island); K. jacobsoni (Central Java); K. malang (East Java, from Wowor & Ng 2018); K. emdi and K. balicum (Nusa Penida Island, sympatric in same cave); K. microphthalmus (South Sulawesi); K. sulu (Palawan Island); K. philippinarum (Boracay Island); K. boholano (Bohol and Tarama Islands); K. cerberus (Ambon Island); K. ardea and K. waigeo (Waigeo Island; sympatric in same cave but in rocky parts for K. ardea and muddy substrates for K. waigeo); K. guamense (Guam Island); K. novabritannia (New Britain Island); K. ultrapes (Nggela Pile Island); K. loyalty (Lifou Island).

FIGURE 5 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 5. Live colour of Karstarma sp. A, B) female juv. 8.6 × 9.8 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7242), probably from lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets', photographs A. Barrère, 19 February 2016; C, D) specimen not collected, from lava tube 'Coulée de 2004', lower entrance near the shore, photographs Matthieu Balanger, 13 August 2017.

FIGURE 4 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 4. Habitat of Karstarma vulcan in Réunion Island. Upper raw, left: Réunion Island with indication of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise' and its 'enclos' (grey area) with places where crabs Karstarma were observed: A, 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets' (dotted rectangle enlarged on the right); B, 'Grotte au Trésor'; C 'Coulée de 2004'; D, 'Grotte des Hirondelles'. Upper raw, right: position of the lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets' in the south-western part of the Island, point A is the place where crabs were collected, altitudes indicated for 60, 100, 170 m (GPX trace of tunnel in black, from Goursaud, 2018; background map from IGN, 2018). Bottom row, left: entrance of lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets', near road 'N2' (in red on IGN map). Bottom row, right: place of collection of the crabs, at the end of the tunnel, showing sediment left after heavy rains. (Photographs J.-P. Le Guelte).

FIGURE 3 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 3. Live colour of Karstarma vulcan sp. nov. A, B, lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets' photographs J.-P. Le Guelte, 16/03/2018, holotype, male 16.2 × 18.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7243) (specimen captured in the lava tube but brought outside the cave for photograph); C, D) lava tube 'Brûlé des Citrons Galets' photographs N. Crestey, 16/11/2017, C) female, 13.05 × 16.5 mm (MHNH-IU-2013-7241) (left cornea injured); D) top: ventral view, female, paratype 13.7 × 16.9 mm (MNHN-IU- 2013-7240); bottom: dorsal view, female, paratype 13.05 × 16.5 mm (MHNH-IU-2013-7241). Live specimens, not collected, in the lava tube of 'Coulée de 2004': E) photograph J. Dez, 14/02/2018 from (Dez, 2018); and F) photograph F. Leveneur, 30/08/ 2014.

FIGURE 9 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 9. Comparison of anterolateral margins of carapace in Karstarma vulcan and K. jacksoni for specimens of approximately same size and sex. Karstarma vulcan, A) holotype male 16.2 × 18.9 mm, MNHN-IU-2013-7243; B) paratype female 13.7 × 16.9 mm, MNHN-IU-2013-7240. Karstarma jacksoni, C) male 15.4 × 18.7 mm, WAM C13968; D) female 14.3 × 18.1 mm, WAM C13968.

FIGURE 2 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 2. Karstarma vulcan sp. nov., holotype, male, 16.2 × 18.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7243) (A, B, E, G, M); paratype, female, 13.7 × 16.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7240) (C, D, F). Right chela, outer (A, C) and inner views (B, D); merus of right cheliped, inner view (E, F);right ambulatory legs 1–4 (P2–P5), outer views (G–J);distal part of propodi and dactyli of right ambulatory legs 1–3 (P2–P4), ventral views (K–M) (Scale bars: A, B, G–J, 5 mm; C–F, K–M, 2.5 mm).

FIGURE 1 in Cave-dwelling crabs of the genus Karstarma from lava tubes of the volcano 'Piton de la Fournaise', in Réunion Island, with description of a new species and redescription of Karstarma jacksoni (Balss, 1934) from Christmas Island (Decapoda, Brachyura, Sesarmidae)

FIGURE 1. Karstarma vulcan sp. nov., holotype, male, 16.2 × 18.9 mm (MNHN-IU-2013-7243). A) dorsal habitus; B–D) carapace and chelae, dorsal, ventral, frontal views respectively; E) buccal cavern, third maxilliped and pterygostomian area (scale bars 10 mm).

FIGURE 1 in Cylindroniscus platoi (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Styloniscidae), a new cave-dwelling species from Lagoa Santa Karst, Southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. DiSTRibUTiOn MaP Of Cylindroniscus platoi n. sp. in PEdRO LEOPOLdO, STaTE Of MinaS GERaiS. ThE caVES CAMP_013, CAMP_024 and CAMP_038 aRE MaRkEd WiTh ThE REd Pin.

FIGURE 4. Cylindroniscus platoi n in Cylindroniscus platoi (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Styloniscidae), a new cave-dwelling species from Lagoa Santa Karst, Southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. Cylindroniscus platoi n. sp. A. LEfT MandibLE; B. RighT MandibLE; C. MaXiLLULa; D. MaXiLLa; E. MaXiLLiPEd.

FIGURE 3. Cylindroniscus platoi n in Cylindroniscus platoi (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Styloniscidae), a new cave-dwelling species from Lagoa Santa Karst, Southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. Cylindroniscus platoi n. sp. A. habiTUS; B. cEPhaLOn and PEREOniTES 1-3, LaTERaL ViEW; C. cEPhaLOn, fROnTaL ViEW, D. PLEOniTES 3-5, TELSOn and UROPOdS; E. LaTERaL ScaLE-SETa; F. dORSaL ScaLE-SETa; G. anTEnna; H. anTEnnULa.

FIGURE 6. Cylindroniscus platoi n in Cylindroniscus platoi (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Styloniscidae), a new cave-dwelling species from Lagoa Santa Karst, Southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 6. Cylindroniscus platoi n. sp. A. gEniTaL PaPiLLa; B. PLEOPOd 1; C. PLEOPOd 2 EndOPOd; D. PLEOPOd 3 EXOPOd; E. PLEOPOd 4 EXOPOd; F. PLEOPOd 5 EXOPOd.

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FIGURES 11–18 in A new cave-dwelling species of Lagynochthonius (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Yunnan Province, China

FIGURES 11–18. Lagynochthonius bailongtanensis sp. nov., male holotype (16), and paratypes (male 11–15, 18; female 17). 11 chela, antiaxial view; 12 tip of fixed finger, antiaxial view; 13 tip of movable finger, antiaxial view; 14 chela, dorsal view; 15 tip of fixed finger, dorsal view; 16 palp (minus chela), dorsal view; 17 female genital area; 18 male genital area. Scale lines 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm (fig 11).

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FIGURES 3–10 in A new cave-dwelling species of Lagynochthonius (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Chthoniidae) from Yunnan Province, China

FIGURES 3–10. Lagynochthonius bailongtanensis sp. nov., male holotype. 3 carapace; 4 process of right coxa I, ventral view; 5 right leg I, lateral view; 6 right leg IV, lateral view; 7 apotele of right leg IV, lateral view; 8 right chelicera; 9 rallum of left chelicera; 10 coxal spines of left leg II. Scale lines 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae)

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Haemadipsidae species represented in China. Distribution data on species other than Sinospelaeobdella gen. n. spp. are based on Yang (1996), Chen et al. (1998), Tan et al. (2000), Lai et al. (2011), Seo et al. (2013), Nakano (2017), Morishima et al. (2018). Species abbreviations used in the legend: SW: Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis sp. n., SC: S. cavatuses comb. n., TT: Tritetrabdella taiwana, HP: H. picta, HR: H. rjukjuana, HGC: H. guangchuanensis chuandianensis, HGG: H. g. guangchuanensis, HYB: H. yanbianensis, HYY: H. yanyuanensis, HS: H. sylvestris, HZA: H. zeylanica agilis, HZZ: H. z. zeylanica, HT: H. tianmushana, HH: H. hainana, HQ: H. qomolangma, HJ: H. japonica.

FIGURE 4 in Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae)

FIGURE 4. The dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views of Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis sp. n., and the specimen (HNSND1) deposited in 70% alcohol photographed before (A); the reproductive system of new species (B). Abbreviations: an, anus; ♂, male gonopore; ♀, female gonopore; cod, chief oviduct; de, ejaculatory duct; eb, ejaculatory bulb; ep, epididymis; o, ovary; od, oviduct; pr, prostate gland; ps, penis sac; t1, first pair of testes; va, vagina sac; vad, vaginal duct; vd, vas deferens.

FIGURE 6 in Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae)

FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic relationship of "Tritetrabdellinae" based COI sequences resolved using with MrBayes 3.2.6 (Ronquist et al. 2012). Two independent MCMC runs were run with the following parameters: 10 million gens, nst = 6, rates = gamma, sample frequency = 1/1,000, burn-in = 30%, and otherwise default. The length of branches is drawn to scale of genetic distance and the number over branches is posterior probability of a branch. The final tree was rooted with the outgroup (Chtonobdella sp.) based on published phylogeny of Haemadipsidae (Borda et al. 2008; Borda & Siddall, 2010). (S. = Sinospelaeobdella gen. n., T. = Tritetrabdella).

FIGURE 5 in Vampire in the darkness: a new genus and species of land leech exclusively bloodsucking cave-dwelling bats from China (Hirudinda: Arhynchobdellida: Haemadipsidae)

FIGURE 5. The four stages (A, mating behavior; B, external feature of reproductive individual; C, cocoon; D, larva) of life cycle in Sinospelaeobdella wulingensis sp. n. and blood-sucking on the hindfoot of Rhinolophus sinicus (E).