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912 results for “São Paulo”
FIGURE 4. Families Eriphiidae and Menippidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 4. Families Eriphiidae and Menippidae. A) Eriphia gonagra (Fabricius, 1781) (CCDB 4895). B) Menippe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859 (CCDB 5071). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state: São Sebastião (A), Ubatuba (B). Sex: males. Scale bars (mm): A—30; B—9. Photographs by R.C. Buranelli.
FIGURE 13. Family Mithracidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 13. Family Mithracidae. A) Mithraculus coryphe (Herbst, 1801) (CCDB 5041). B) Mithraculus forceps A. Milne-Edwards, 1875 [in A. Milne-Edwards, 1873–1880] (CCDB 5079). C) Mithraculus sculptus (Lamarck, 1818) (CCDB 5091). D) Mithrax hispidus (Herbst, 1790) (CCDB 2950). E) Mithrax tortugae (Rathbun, 1920) (CCDB 4896). F) Omalacantha bicornuta (Latreille, 1825) (CCDB 1422). G) Teleophrys pococki Rathbun, 1901 (CCDB 5272). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state: Ubatuba (A, B, C, E, F), São Sebastião (D). Sex: male (A, B, C, E, F, G), female (D). Scale bars (mm): A—5; B—10; C—11; D—30; E—22; F—10; G—6. Photographs by R.C. Buranelli.
FIGURE 2. Families Aethridae and Calappidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 2. Families Aethridae and Calappidae. A) Hepatus pudibundus (Herbst, 1785) (CCDB 5088). B) Calappa gallus (Herbst, 1803) (CCDB 10). C) Cryptosoma balguerii (Desbonne, in Desbonne & Schramm, 1867) (CCDB 6417). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state: Cananéia (A), Ubatuba (B, C). Sex: male (A), female (B, C). Scale bars (mm): A—25; B—18; C—18. Photographs A and B, by R.C. Buranelli; C, extracted from Tamburus et al. (2019).
FIGURE 1 in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 1. Five major sample regions (with ten main areas) of brachyuran crabs along the São Paulo coast during 2011–2019 periods (UBA: Ubatuba, CAR: Caraguatatuba, SBA: São Sebastião, IBE: Ilhabela, SAN: Santos, SVI: São Vicente, CAN: Cananéia/Ilha Comprida, SM: RV Soloncy Moura Expedition). The fourteen sample points of RV Soloncy Moura Expedition were summarized in three major areas (SMA: sampling points 5–8 and 10–13; SMB: sampling points 3, 4, 9, 14; SMC: sampling points 1 and 2, see Table I). Scale bar: kilometers.
FIGURE 5. Families Euryplacidae and Gecarcinidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 5. Families Euryplacidae and Gecarcinidae. A) Frevillea hirsuta (Borradaile, 1916) (CCDB 5872). B) Cardisoma guanhumi Latreille in Latreille, Le Peletier, Serville & Guérin, 1828 (CCDB 4893). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state: RV Soloncy Moura Expedition, Point 1 (A), Ubatuba (B). Sex: female (A), male (B). Scale bars (mm): A—14; B—45. Photographs by R.C. Buranelli.
FIGURE 8. Family Varunidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 8. Family Varunidae. A) Cyclograpsus integer H. Milne Edwards, 1837 (CCDB 5625). B) Neohelice granulata (Dana, 1851) (CCDB 6180). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state, Ubatuba. Sex: male (A), juvenile (B). Scale bars (mm): A—10; B—10. Photographs by R.C. Buranelli.
FIGURE 6. Family Grapsidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 6. Family Grapsidae. A) Geograpsus lividus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837) (CCDB 5076). B) Goniopsis cruentata (Latreille, 1803) (CCDB 5053). C) Pachygrapsus gracilis (de Saussure, 1857) (CCDB 5045). D) Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (CCDB 5052). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state: Cananéia (A, C), Ilha Comprida (B), Ubatuba (D). Sex: male (A, B, D), female (C). Scale bars (mm): A—33; B—45; C—10; D—16. Photographs by R.C. Buranelli.
FIGURE 3. Family Dromiidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 3. Family Dromiidae. A) Dromia erythropus (Edwards, in Catesby, 1771) (CCDB 4894). B) Hypoconcha arcuata Stimpson, 1859 (CCDB 5514). C) Hypoconcha parasitica (Linnaeus, 1763) (CCDB 3608). D) Moreiradromia antillensis (Stimpson, 1859) (CCDB 1). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state, Ubatuba. Sex: females. Scale bars (mm): A—42; B—9; C—15; D—10. Photographs by R.C. Buranelli.
FIGURE 17. Families Pinnotheridae and Geryonidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 17. Families Pinnotheridae and Geryonidae. A) Austinixa aidae (Righi, 1967) (CCDB 5624). B) Austinixa patagoniensis (Rathbun, 1918) (CCDB 5626). C) Clypeasterophilus stebbingi (Rathbun, 1918) (CCDB 5522). D) Dissodactylus crinitichelis Moreira, 1901 (CCDB 5622). E) Chaceon ramosae Manning, Tavares & Albuquerque, 1989 (CCDB 6166). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state, Ubatuba. Sex: male (A, B, D), female (C, E). Scale bars (mm): A—5; B—5; C—3; D—3; E—70. Photographs by R.C. Buranelli.
FIGURE 11. Family Epialtidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 11. Family Epialtidae. A) Acanthonyx petiverii H. Milne Edwards, 1834 (CCDB 46). B) Apiomithrax violaceus (A. Milne-Edwards, 1868) (CCDB 5547). C) Epialtus brasiliensis Dana, 1852 (CCDB 5544). D) Leucippa pentagona H. Milne Edwards, 1833 (CCDB 5654). E) Libinia ferreirae Brito Capello, 1871 (CCDB 1540). F) Libinia spinosa H. Milne Edwards in Guérin, 1832 (CCDB 752). G) Stenocionops furcatus (Olivier, 1791) (CCDB 3605). H) Stenocionops spinosissimus (Saussure, 1857) (CCDB 5781). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state: Ubatuba (A, B, C, D, G), Santos (E), Caraguatatuba (F), RV Soloncy Moura Expedition, Point 8 (H). Sex: male (A, C, E, G), female (B, D, F, H). Scale bars (mm): A—14; B—21; C—9; D—5; E—43; F—72; G—22; H—41. Photographs by R.C. Buranelli.
FIGURE 21. Family Xanthidae. A in Checklist of decapod crustaceans from the coast of the São Paulo state (Brazil) supported by integrative molecular and morphological data: III. Infraorder Brachyura Latreille, 1802
FIGURE 21. Family Xanthidae. A) Cataleptodius floridanus (Fabricius, 1793) (CCDB 5056). B) Paractaea rufopunctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1834) (CCDB 6436). C) Platypodiella spectabilis (Herbst, 1794) (CCDB 4897). D) Speocarcinus dentatus Brandão, Coelho-Filho & Tavares, 2012 (CCDB 5864 E) Speocarcinus meloi D'Incao & Gomes da Silva, 1992 (CCDB 5458). F) Scopolius nuttingi (Rathbun, 1898) (CCDB 5271). Animals from Brazil, São Paulo state, Ubatuba. Sex: male (A–D, F), female (E). Scale bars (mm): A—6; B—4; C—10; D—14; E—10; F—4. Photographs by R.C. Buranelli.
Data from: Socioeconomic determinants of antibiotic consumption in the state of São Paulo, Brazil: the effect of restricting over-the-counter sales
Background: Improper antibiotic use is one of the main drivers of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, increasing infectious diseases morbidity and mortality and raising costs of healthcare. The level of antibiotic consumption has been shown to vary according to socioeconomic determinants (SED) such as income and access to education. In many Latin American countries, antibiotics could be easily purchased without a medical prescription in private pharmacies before enforcement of restrictions on over-the-counter (OTC) sales in recent years. Brazil issued a law abolishing OTC sales in October 2010. This study seeks to find SED of antibiotic consumption in the Brazilian state of São Paulo (SSP) and to estimate the impact of the 2010 law. Methods: Data on all oral antibiotic sales having occurred in the private sector in SSP from 2008 to 2012 were pooled into the 645 municipalities of SSP. Linear regression was performed to estimate consumption levels that would have occurred in 2011 and 2012 if no law regulating OTC sales had been issued in 2010. These values were compared to actual observed levels, estimating the effect of this law. Linear regression was performed to find association of antibiotic consumption levels and of a greater effect of the law with municipality level data on SED obtained from a nationwide census. Results: Oral antibiotic consumption in SSP rose from 8.44 defined daily doses per 1,000 inhabitants per day (DID) in 2008 to 9.95 in 2010, and fell to 8.06 DID in 2012. Determinants of a higher consumption were higher human development index, percentage of urban population, density of private health establishments, life expectancy and percentage of females; lower illiteracy levels and lower percentage of population between 5 and 15 years old. A higher percentage of females was associated with a stronger effect of the law. Conclusions: SSP had similar antibiotic consumption levels as the whole country of Brazil, and they were effectively reduced by the policy.
Data from: Musculoskeletal pain as a marker of health quality. Findings from the epidemiological sleep study among the adult population of São Paulo city
Background: We are witnessing the growth of urban populations, particularly in the developing world. São Paulo, the largest city in South America, continues to grow, and this growth is dramatically effecting the environment and human health. The aim of this study was to estimate the point prevalence of chronic pain in São Paulo city dwellers and to explore the influence of aspects related to urbanicity. Methods: A two-stage cluster randomized sample included 1100 individuals of the city of Sao Paulo, representing the population proportionally in terms of gender, age and social classes in 2007. For this observational cross-sectional study, the household sample was interviewed using validated questionnaires for sociodemographic aspects, the Beck inventories for anxiety and depression, the WHOQoL-REF for quality of life, the Chalder Fatigue Scale. Musculoskeletal pain was defined as diffuse pain or pain located in the back, joints or limbs. Data regarding sleep complaints and polysomnography were obtained from the Epidemiologic Sleep Study conducted in São Paulo city in 2007. Results: The prevalence estimate of chronic musculoskeletal pain was approximately 27%, with a female/male ratio of approximately 2.6/1. The predictors were being in the age-range of 30–39 years, low socioeconomic and schooling levels, obesity, sedentarism, fatigue, non-restorative sleep, daytime sleepiness, poor sleep quality, poor life quality, anxiety and depression symptoms. Psychological wellbeing was the main discriminator between responders with chronic musculoskeletal pain and the controls, followed by depression for the participants with poor psychological wellbeing, and fatigue, for the remaining ones. Insomnia syndrome was the third-level discriminator for those with fatigue, whereas sleep quality for those without fatigue. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain was frequently reported by São Paulo city dwellers and its correlates with psychological and sleep aspects are suggestive of a response to urbanicity. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00596713
FIGURE 4. Aceria korykis n in Three new species of eriophyid mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) from the State of São Paulo, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Aceria korykis n. sp. AD, anterior dorsal aspect; AL, anterior lateral aspect; CGF, coxigenital area, female; CL, caudal lateral aspect; GM, genitalia, male; IGF, internal genitalia, female; L1, leg I; L2, leg II; legs, GM and IGF enlarged.
FIGURE 3 in Three new species of eriophyid mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) from the State of São Paulo, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Damage caused by Aceria megalops n. sp. to a growing tip of Guapira opposita (Vell.) Reitz.
FIGURE 2. Aceria megalops n in Three new species of eriophyid mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) from the State of São Paulo, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Aceria megalops n. sp. AD, anterior dorsal aspect; AL, anterior lateral aspect; CD, caudal dorsal aspect; CGF, coxigenital area of female; E, empodium; GM, genitalia, male; L1, leg I; L2, leg II; legs, E and GM enlarged.
FIGURE 1. Abacarus nectandrae n in Three new species of eriophyid mites (Acari: Eriophyidae) from the State of São Paulo, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Abacarus nectandrae n. sp. AL, anterior lateral aspect; D, dorsal aspect; E, empodium; L1, leg I; L2, leg II; V, ventral aspect; legs and empodium enlarged.
FIGURES 8–9. Eotetranychus herbicolus n in Two new plant feeding mites from Brachiaria ruziziensis in citrus groves in São Paulo, Brazil and new distribution records of other plant mites in Brazil
FIGURES 8–9. Eotetranychus herbicolus n.sp. 8, tibia and tarsus I of female; 9, tibia and tarsus II of female.
FIGURES 10–11. Eotetranychus herbicolus n in Two new plant feeding mites from Brachiaria ruziziensis in citrus groves in São Paulo, Brazil and new distribution records of other plant mites in Brazil
FIGURES 10–11. Eotetranychus herbicolus n.sp. 10, tibia and tarsus I of male; 11, tibia and tarsus II of male.
FIGURES 3–7. Eotetranychus herbicolus n in Two new plant feeding mites from Brachiaria ruziziensis in citrus groves in São Paulo, Brazil and new distribution records of other plant mites in Brazil
FIGURES 3–7. Eotetranychus herbicolus n.sp. 3, genitoanal area of female; 4, peritreme; 5, female palpus; 6, male palpus; 7, aedeagus.
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