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4,753 results for “SHAPE”
Regional and local factors interact to shape colonization and extinction dynamics of invasive Hydrilla verticillata in a patchy landscape
<p>Understanding the response of species to global change requires disentangling the drivers of their distributions across landscapes. Colonization and extinction processes, shaped by the interplay of landscape-level and local patch-level factors, are key determinants of these distributions. However, disentangling the influence of these factors, when larger-scale processes manifest at local scales, remains a challenge. We addressed this challenge by investigating the colonization and extinction dynamics of the aquatic plant, <em>Hydrilla verticillata</em>, in a complex riverine rock pool system. This system, with hundreds of rock pools experiencing varying flooding frequencies, provided a natural laboratory to examine how a single landscape-level disturbance can differentially impact colonization and extinction depending on local patch characteristics to shape species distributions. Using five years of data across over 500 sites and more than 5,000 surveys, we employed dynamic occupancy models to model colonization, extinction, and changes in <em>Hydrilla</em> patch occupancy while accounting for imperfect detection. Our results revealed that larger, infrequently flooded pools closer to the river were more likely to be colonized. In contrast, local extinction of Hydrilla was more likely in smaller pools closer to the river that flooded frequently. These findings underscore the importance of considering context-dependence in species distribution models. The same landscape-level disturbance (flooding) had opposing effects on colonization and extinction, with the direction and magnitude of these effects varying with local patch characteristics. Our study highlights the need for integrating local and landscape-level factors, and considering how larger-scale processes play out at the patch level, to understand the complex dynamics that shape species distributions.</p>
Data from: Effects of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on territory size and shape in Savannah Sparrows
<p>The size and shape of an animal's breeding territory are dynamic features influenced by multiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors and can have important implications for survival and reproduction. Quantitative studies of variation in these territory features can generate deeper insights into animal ecology and behavior. We explored the effect of age, breeding strategy, population density, and number of neighbors on the size and shape of breeding territories in an island population of Savannah Sparrows (<em>Passerculus sandwichensis</em>). Our dataset consisted of 407 breeding territories belonging to 225 males sampled over 11 years. We compared territory sizes to the age of the male territorial holder, the male's reproductive strategy (monogamy vs. polygyny), the number of birds in the study population (population density), and the number of immediate territorial neighbors (local density). We found substantial variation in territory size, with territories ranging over two orders of magnitude from 57 to 5727 m2 (0.0057 to 0.57 ha). Older males had larger territories, polygynous males had larger territories, territories were smaller in years with higher population density, and larger territories were associated with more immediate territorial neighbors. We also found substantial variation in territory shape, from near-circular to irregularly-shaped territories. Males with more neighbors had irregularly shaped territories, but the shape did not vary with male age, breeding strategy, or population density. For males that lived two years or longer, we found strong consistent individual differences in territory size across years, but weaker individual differences in territory shape, suggesting that size has high repeatability whereas shape has low repeatability. Our work provides evidence that songbird territories are highly dynamic and that their size and shape reflect both intrinsic factors (age and number of breeding partners) and extrinsic factors (population density and number of territorial neighbors).</p>
Silvicultural regime shapes understory functional structure in European forests
<p>This is the dataset used for the article "Silvicultural regime shapes understory functional structure in European forests" by Francesco Chianucci, Francesca Napoleone et al., which has been accepted in Journal of Applied Ecology.</p> <p>Attached is also an R code to illustrate the statistical analyses performed in the study.</p>
Supplementary material for the paper: "Mesh-based topology, shape and sizing optimization of ribbed plates"
<p>Source code and results, accompanying the paper "Mesh-based topology, shape and sizing optimization of ribbed plates", published in Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 2024. </p>
Fig. 4 in Variation of shell shape in Solariella obscura (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea) in the Eurasian Arctic seas and adjacent part of the Western Pacific Ocean
Fig. 4. PCA scatterplots: A–C – varieties of Solariella obscura; typical form – red crosses, «var. intermedia» – black dots, «var. bella» – blue squares; D–F – geographic groups; Arctic – green crosses, Pacific – violet circles.
Fig. 1 in Variation of shell shape in Solariella obscura (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea) in the Eurasian Arctic seas and adjacent part of the Western Pacific Ocean
Fig. 1. Varieties of Solariella obscura: A – «var. intermedia», Barents Sea, Iokangskie Islands, 68°04.38′ N, 39°34.70′ E, ZIN 28/4289; B – typical form, Bering Sea, 29 m, 64°02.2′ N, 170°04′ W, ZIN 675/56388; C – «var. bella», Barents Sea, 154 m, 69°40.597′ N, 34°06.184′ E. Scale bar 3 mm.
Fig. 2 in Variation of shell shape in Solariella obscura (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea) in the Eurasian Arctic seas and adjacent part of the Western Pacific Ocean
Fig. 2. Scheme of shell measurements (A–B) and counting of whorls number (C). Shell of «var. bella». SH – shell height; BWH – body whorl height; AH – aperture height; AW – aperture width; SW – shell width; UW – umbilicus width; spiral arrow indicates the first whorl, whorls number of the shell = 3.9.
Fig. 3 in Variation of shell shape in Solariella obscura (Vetigastropoda: Trochoidea) in the Eurasian Arctic seas and adjacent part of the Western Pacific Ocean
Fig. 3. Box plots of conchological parameters: A – shell height; B – body whorl height; C – aperture height; D – shell width; E – umbilicus width; F – whorls number. 1 – «var. intermedia», 2 – typical form, 3 – «var. bella».
Data from: Snowmelt and laying date shape the parental care strategy of a high-Arctic shorebird
<p>Parental care varies across animal taxa, from uniparental to biparental care, driven by ecological and social factors such as weather, food availability, predation, and partner availability. Understanding this diversity within species can reveal biotic and abiotic conditions allowing uniparental versus biparental strategies. This study examines the impact of biotic and abiotic factors on parental care strategies in Sanderlings (<em>Calidris alba</em>), one of the few species that uses both types of care. Using long-term data from Greenland (2011-2023), path analyses revealed that laying date and snowmelt influence parental care strategies, with indirect climatic effects during migration and on breeding grounds. We observed a greater proportion of uniparental nests in years with delayed laying dates, and a greater proportion of biparental nests in years with delayed snowmelt. These findings underscore the complex interplay between environmental factors and parental care strategies, offering insights into how these strategies may evolve under changing ecological conditions.</p>
Cross section shape: circular elliptical unknown Siphuncle position: central marginal unknown Fig. 4 Morphometrics of orthoconic cephalopods from the Besano Formation. Measurements are compared with discrete characters of the shell. Orange circles represent definite and orange crosses likely orthoceratoids, while blue triangles represent definite and blue crosses likely coleoids. Black crosses are indeterminable. A Apical angle, calculated from length and diameters of the specimens. B Maximum diameter in Orthoceratoid and coleoid cephalopods from the Middle Triassic of Switzerland with an updated taxonomic framework for Triassic Orthoceratoidea
Cross section shape: circular elliptical unknown Siphuncle position: central marginal unknown Fig. 4 Morphometrics of orthoconic cephalopods from the Besano Formation. Measurements are compared with discrete characters of the shell. Orange circles represent definite and orange crosses likely orthoceratoids, while blue triangles represent definite and blue crosses likely coleoids. Black crosses are indeterminable. A Apical angle, calculated from length and diameters of the specimens. B Maximum diameter
Variation in successional dynamics shape biodiversity patterns over a tropical-temperate latitudinal gradient
<p>Successional dynamics can vary due to a range of ecological and environmental factors, but our understanding of biogeographic variation in succession, and the processes contributing to community development across ecosystems, is limited. The pattern and rate of recruitment of dispersive propagules likely differs over large spatial scales and can be an important predictor of successional trajectory. Over a 20-degree tropical-temperate latitudinal gradient, we measured sessile invertebrates over 12 months of community development and successive 3-month recruitment windows to understand succession and how it is influenced by recruitment. Succession and recruitment patterns varied over latitude. In the tropics, fast temporal turnover, fluctuating abundances, and lack of successional progression suggest that the contribution of stochastic processes was high. As latitude increased, successional progression became more apparent, characterized by increasing species richness and community cover, and a shift to more competitive taxa over time. At temperate locations, species identities were similar between older communities and recruiting assemblages, however community composition became more variable across space over time. Such divergence suggests an important role of early colonisers and species interactions on community structure. These findings demonstrate differences in the processes contributing to community development and biodiversity patterns over latitude. Understanding such biogeographic variation in community dynamics and identifying the prevalence of different processes can provide insights into how communities assemble and persist in response to environmental variability.</p>
Fig. 3 in Repeatability Analysis Of Egg Shape In A Wild Tree Sparrow (Passer Montanus) Population: A Sensitive Method For Egg Shape Description
Fig. 3. The effect of egg-photographing on the description of outline. Panel a shows ten outlines described following the photos of ten randomly chosen eggs, panel b shows ten outlines described fol-
Fig. 5 in Variation in the colour and shape of capitula in Parkia bicolor (Leguminosae) illustrated by two watercolours from southern Nigeria painted by Dorothy Amaury Talbot (1871-1916)
Fig. 5. – Watercolour of Parkia bicolor A. Chev. by Dorothy Amaury Talbot, mounted upside down, the capitulum on the left
Fig. 2. – Parkia bicolor A. Chev. A in Variation in the colour and shape of capitula in Parkia bicolor (Leguminosae) illustrated by two watercolours from southern Nigeria painted by Dorothy Amaury Talbot (1871-1916)
Fig. 2. – Parkia bicolor A. Chev. A. Capitulum approaching anthesis, Korup National Park, Cameroon; B. Capitulum at anthesis, Bouvala, Ngounié Prov., Gabon. Images not to scale.
Fig. 1 in Variation in the colour and shape of capitula in Parkia bicolor (Leguminosae) illustrated by two watercolours from southern Nigeria painted by Dorothy Amaury Talbot (1871-1916)
Fig. 1. – The principal localities where the Talbots collected specimens of Parkia bicolor A. Chev. in south-eastern Nigeria, and Korup National Park, Cameroon, where Regine Grünmeier studied pollination and floral biology. [QGIS, http://www.qgis.org]
Fig. 9. a, b, f. – Humerocyrtis gracilis n in New Middle Triassic Bell-Shaped Nassellarian Radiolaria From Alpine And Carpathian Areas
Fig. 9. a, b, f. – Humerocyrtis gracilis n. sp.: a. – paratype, Rc4; b. – holotype, BV 85-70, f.– Rc4. c. – Humerocyrtis avirostrum n. sp., Rc4; d, d1, e. – Humerocyrtis brevithorax n. sp., CRH: d, d1. – same specimen in lateral and basal view, respectively, showing the initial spicule without D ray, e. – holotype. Scale bar of 50 µm is for all figures, except fig. 7c for which the scale bar is of 75 µm.
Fig. 5. a, b. – Gorispela tuba n in New Middle Triassic Bell-Shaped Nassellarian Radiolaria From Alpine And Carpathian Areas
Fig. 5. a, b. – Gorispela tuba n. sp., a. – Rc4, b. – holotype, FÖ 87; c. – Gorispela bragini n. sp., holotype, Rc4 (see also fig. 3h); d-f. – Pozsvartia multicingulata n. sp., d. – holotype, FÖ 87, e. – CRH, f. – CR25, D – dorsal spine. Scale bar of 50 µm is for all figures.
Fig. 3. Pterodactyloid tooth shape analyzed using geometric morphometrics. A in Geometric Morphometric Approach To Establish Phylogenetic Affinities Of Enigmatic Pterosaur Specimens From The Lower Cretaceous Of South Korea
Fig. 3. Pterodactyloid tooth shape analyzed using geometric morphometrics. A, major changes in tooth shape on PC1; B, major changes in tooth shape on PC2; C, major changes in tooth shape on PC3; D, major changes in tooth shape on PC4. Red numbers indicate landmark positions.
Fig. 3. a, a1. – Gorispela cornubovis n in New Middle Triassic Bell-Shaped Nassellarian Radiolaria From Alpine And Carpathian Areas
Fig. 3. a, a1. – Gorispela cornubovis n. sp., holotype in lateral and basal views, respectively, Rc4; b. – Gorispela fenestrata n. sp., holotype in lateral view, BV 85-70; c-e.– Gorispela hungarica n. sp., FÖ 87, e.– holotype. Scale bar of 50 µm is for all figures.
Fig. 2. a-d. – Silicotintinnabulum formosum n in New Middle Triassic Bell-Shaped Nassellarian Radiolaria From Alpine And Carpathian Areas
Fig. 2. a-d. – Silicotintinnabulum formosum n. sp.: a, a1, b. – sample Rc4; a1. basal view of fig. a. showing the initial spicule without D ray; c. – paratype, FÖ 87; d. – holotype, Rc1. 2e. – Silicotintinnabulum transitum n. sp., holotype, Rc4; f, g. – Colpotrelus campanuliformis n. sp., Rc4. Scale bar of 50 µm is for all figures.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.