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Figure 9. Echinophyllia Klunzinger, 1879 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 9. Echinophyllia Klunzinger, 1879, has organically united and sometimes polymorphic corallites, extensive coenosteum (≥ corallite diameter), septa in ≤ 3 cycles (≤ 36 septa), large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae, and weak/moderate paliform (uniaxial) lobes. Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa medial lines. (A–C) Echinophyllia aspera (Ellis & Solander, 1786), type species of Echinophyllia; macromorphology, holotype GLAHM 104004 (A; photo by K. G. Johnson); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype USNM 45075, Bikini Atoll, Marshall Islands. (D–F) Echinophyllia echinoporoides Veron & Pichon, 1980; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1983.9.27.4, Whitsunday Islands, Australia (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype UNIMIB PFB379, Madang, Papua New Guinea. (G–I) Echinophyllia orpheensis Veron & Pichon, 1980; macromorphology, holotype MTQ G57510, south Pioneer Bay, Orpheus Island, Palm Islands, Australia (G); micromorphology (H) and microstructure (I), hypotype USNM 93798, Madang, Papua New Guinea.
Figure 1 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 1. Comparisons amongst recent classifications of genera in Lobophylliidae. Continuous lines track generic synonyms, whereas dotted lines indicate movements of species amongst genera. See Stolarski & Roniewicz (2001) for comparisons with Vaughan & Wells (1943), Wells (1956), Alloiteau (1952), and Chevalier & Beauvais (1987).
Figure 8. Echinomorpha Veron, 2000 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 8. Echinomorpha Veron, 2000, may be solitary; colonies contain organically united and polymorphic corallites, with large (> 15 mm) and medium-relief (3–6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), large (≥ 1/4 of calice width) spongy columellae, and weak paliform (uniaxial) lobes. (A, B) Echinomorpha nishihirai (Veron, 1990), type and only living species of Echinomorpha; macromorphology, holotype MTQ G32483, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan.
Figure 13. Oxypora Saville Kent, 1871 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 13. Oxypora Saville Kent, 1871, has organically united and sometimes polymorphic corallites, extensive coenosteum (≥ corallite diameter), septa in <3 cycles (<24 septa), and large (≥ 1/4 of calice width), compact columellae. Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa medial lines. (A–C) Oxypora lacera (Verrill, 1864), type species of Oxypora; macromorphology, syntype MCZ IZ 44065, Singapore (A; photo by A. J. Baldinger); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), hypotype UNIMIB BU004, Burum, Yemen. (D–F) Oxypora glabra Nemenzo, 1959; macromorphology, holotype UP C-300, Paniquian Island, Puerto Galera, Philippines (D; photo by K. S. Luzon); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype USNM 92395, Auluptagel Island, Palau.
Figure 12. Moseleya Quelch, 1884 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 12. Moseleya Quelch, 1884, has discrete corallites that may be polymorphic, with fused walls, large (> 15 mm) and high-relief (> 6 mm) calices, and septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa). Septal teeth are tall (> 0.6 mm) with medium spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), unequally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and palisade interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A–F) Moseleya latistellata Quelch, 1884, type and only living species of Moseleya; macromorphology, holotype NHMUK 1886.12.9.158, Wednesday Island, Torres Strait, Australia (A; photo by H. Taylor); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype MTQ G61909, Magnetic Island, Queensland, Australia; macromorphology, hypotype MTQ G39700, Thursday Island, Queensland, Australia (D).
Figure 6 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 6. Australophyllia Benzoni & Arrigoni in Arrigoni et al., 2016a, has uniserial corallites with fused walls sometimes forming monticules, medium-size (4–15 mm) and medium-relief (3–6 mm) calices, septa in ≥ 4 cycles (≥ 48 septa), and well-developed epitheca. Septal teeth typically with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and spacing (0.3–1.0 mm), equally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa centre clusters. (A–F) Australophyllia wilsoni (Veron, 1985), type and only living species of Australophyllia; macromorphology, holotype WAM Z910, Rat Island, Houtman Abrolhos Islands, Western Australia (A, D; photo by WAM); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B, E), hypotype WAM WIL05, Hall Bank, Western Australia; and microstructure (transverse thin section; C, F), hypotype WAM WIL03, Hall Bank, Western Australia.
Figure 5 in Taxonomic classification of the reef coral family Lobophylliidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
Figure 5. Acanthastrea Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, generally has discrete corallites, with varying amounts of coenosteum, or may be phaceloid/flabello-meandroid, with medium to large (≥ 4 mm) and medium- to high-relief (≥ 3 mm) calices, and septa in three cycles (24–36 septa). Septal teeth with medium height (0.3–0.6 mm) and medium to wide spacing (≥ 0.3 mm), unequally shaped between first- and third-order septa, equally sized between wall and septum, and smooth interarea. Walls formed by dominant paratheca and partial septotheca, with strong costa and septum centre clusters. (A–C) Acanthastrea echinata (Dana, 1846), type species of Acanthastrea; macromorphology, Acanthastrea spinosa Milne Edwards & Haime, 1848a, holotype of Acanthastrea MNHN IK-2010-599, Tongatapu, Tonga (A; photo by A. Andouche); micromorphology (scanning electron microscopy; B) and microstructure (transverse thin section; C), syntype USNM 25, Fiji. D–F, Acanthastrea pachysepta (Chevalier, 1975); macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-660, Chesterfield, Islands, New Caledonia (D); micromorphology (E) and microstructure (F), hypotype USNM 45515, Murray Island, Australia. (G–I) Acanthastrea rotundoflora Chevalier, 1975; macromorphology, holotype MNHN IK-2010-675, south-east Fabre Atoll, New Caledonia (G); micromorphology (H) and microstructure (I), hypotype IRD HS3166, New Caledonia.
FIGURE 3 in Pocillopora tuahiniensis: a new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia Pocilloporidae) from French Polynesia
FIGURE 3. Types of Pocillopora species closely related to P. tuahiniensis sp. nov. for morphological comparison. a) Holotype of P. solida Quelch 1886 (BMNH1886.12.9.22) collected from Tahiti, French Polynesia. This taxon is considered inquirendum. Images captured by The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London. b) Colony photograph and corallite SEM of P. verrucosa (Ellis and Solander 1786) neotype (MTQG65923) collected from Lizard Island Lagoon, Australia. c) Pocillopora danae Verrill 1864 holotype (USNM696) collected from Fiji. Pocillopora danae is considered a junior subjective synonym of P. verrucosa. d) Pocillopora grandis Dana 1846 syntype (USNM700) collected from Fiji. e) Pocillopora meandrina Dana 1846 syntype (YPMIZ001970.CN) collected from Hawai'i. f) Pocillopora nobilis Verrill 1864 syntype (USNM658) collected from Hawai'i. Pocillopora nobilis is considered a junior subjective synonym of P. meandrina.
FIGURE 2 in Pocillopora tuahiniensis: a new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia Pocilloporidae) from French Polynesia
FIGURE 2. In situ appearance of Pocillopora species photographed at Mo'orea, French Polynesia. a) Close up of P. tuahiniensis holotype USNM-SI 1522390 at 20 m depth; b) surroundings of holotype, with holotype USNM-SI 1522390 in the center; c) P. tuahiniensis sp. nov. at 10 m depth; d) P. tuahiniensis sp. nov., left, and P. verrucosa, right, at 10 m depth; e) P. meandrina at 10 m depth. All colonies were identified using the mtORF and PocHistone markers following the protocol described in Johnston et al. (2018). The identity of colonies in c, d, and e are included in the datasets of (Burgess et al. 2021; Johnston et al. 2022a).
FIGURE 1 in Pocillopora tuahiniensis: a new species of scleractinian coral (Scleractinia Pocilloporidae) from French Polynesia
FIGURE 1. Photographs and SEM of the P. tuahiniensis holotype USNM-SI 1522390 showing a) a side view of holotype, b) spacing and shape of verrucae, c) close up of verrucae, d) verrucae and corallites, and e) and f) close ups of corallites showing the wide, flattened columellae.
FIGURE 1 in Re-discovery of the type material of Leptoseris fragilis (Cnidaria, Anthozoa Scleractinia) from the upper mesophotic in La Réunion, a taxonomic puzzle
FIGURE 1. The Leptoseris fragilis type material puzzle; a Plate 29 (partim) by Rousseau (1854) in which the largest specimen was appended as 1 (dashed grey line), while drawings of smaller specimens and radial elements (r.e.) details by 1a-e and 1f-h, respectively. The original codes were re-drawn with larger font size for readability. Additionally, the multiple coralla on 1 (di) are here appended as 1i-l (in bold); b MNHN468 (later re-catalogued as MNHN-IK-2010-494), 1 in a; c MNHN470, four Cycloseris wellsi specimens bearing the tags of the L. fragilis holotype by multiple hands, including Chevalier's (J.P.C.). The smaller are juveniles and correspond to the 1b, 1d-e in a, the largest, absent from b, has the typical species morphology (inset, see Benzoni et al., 2016: Fig. 6); d specimen 1 in a and b. The biogenic block is substrate for three Leptoseris (1i-j, l) and one antipatharian (1k); e specimen 1l; f detail of 1l; g detail of 1l; h specimen 1i; i specimens 1j (left) and 1l (right). Grey arrows point to central protocorallite (red *) and secondary corallites (turquoise *); dashed blue rectangles (larger side is 10mm) show the corallum surface where r.e. counts were performed. Pictures b-h, by F. Benzoni (2010), i, © A. Andouche/MNHN (2014).
FIGURE 2. Placotrochides yapensis n in A new species of Placotrochides Alcock, 1902 (Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Flabellidae) from the tropical Western Pacific, including the deepest record of the genus
FIGURE 2. Placotrochides yapensis n. sp. THe HOlOtype (A–C) and paratype (D–F) in lateral, calicular, and base scar view. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Placotrochides Alcock, 1902 (Anthozoa: Scleractinia: Flabellidae) from the tropical Western Pacific, including the deepest record of the genus
FIGURE 1. THe sampling area and substrate (inlet pHOtOgrapH) at tHe fOOt Of tHe seamOunt in tHe trOpical Western Pacific, wHere Placotrochides yapensis n. sp. was discOvered. THe twO blue dOts mark tHe sites wHere tHe bentHic trawling was started and terminated; arrOw indicates tHe trawling directiOn. THe sediment was mainly cOmpOsed Of fOraminiferal sands.
Effects of missing data and data type on phylotranscriptomic analysis of stony corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Scleractinia)
<p>BLASTn summary</p> <p>Phylogenetic data matrices and trees</p>
FIGURA 2 in Utilização de registros de corais de profundidade (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) para prever a localização e mapear tipos de substratos na plataforma e talude continental do sul do Brasil
FIGURA 2: Diferentes espécies de corais azooxantelados de profundidade, (A) Cladocora debilis, espécie que não apresenta estrutura de fixação em nenhum estágio de seu desenvolvimento, sendo normalmente coletada em grande quantidade, juntamente com o esqueleto de outros corais, podendo ser considerada integrante de substratos biodetríticos. (B e C) Cladopsammia manuelensis e Caryophyllia berteriana, respectivamente, ambas fortemente fixas a substratos consolidados através de seus pedicelos, podendo ser consideradas espécies características de substratos consolidados. (D) Caryophyllia scobinosa, espécie que apresenta estrutura de fixação rudimentar, a qual é utilizada apenas nos primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento.
FIGURA 3 in Utilização de registros de corais de profundidade (Cnidaria, Scleractinia) para prever a localização e mapear tipos de substratos na plataforma e talude continental do sul do Brasil
FIGURA 3: Locais de ocorrência de substratos consolidados, biodetríticos e inconsolidados na plataforma e talude continental do sul do Brasil, mapeados através da utilização de registros de corais azooxantelados de profundidade.
Data from: Population genetic structure and connectivity of deep-sea stony corals (Order Scleractinia) in the New Zealand region: implications for the conservation and management of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems
Deep-sea stony corals, which can be fragile, long-lived, late to mature and habitat-forming, are defined as vulnerable marine ecosystem indicator taxa. Under United Nations resolutions these corals require protection from human disturbance such as fishing. To better understand the vulnerability of stony corals (Goniocorella dumosa, Madrepora oculata, Solenosmilia variabilis) to disturbance within the New Zealand region, and to guide marine protected area design, genetic structure and connectivity were determined using microsatellite loci and DNA sequencing. Analyses compared population genetic differentiation between two biogeographic provinces, amongst three sub-regions (north-central-south), and amongst geomorphic features. Extensive population genetic differentiation was revealed by microsatellite variation, whilst DNA sequencing revealed very little differentiation. For G. dumosa, genetic differentiation existed amongst regions and geomorphic features, but not between provinces. For M. oculata, only a north-central-south regional structure was observed. For S. variabilis, genetic differentiation was observed between provinces, amongst regions and amongst geomorphic features. Populations on the Kermadec Ridge were genetically different from Chatham Rise populations in all three species. A significant isolation-by-depth pattern was observed for both marker types in G. dumosa, and also in ITS of M. oculata. An isolation-by-distance pattern was revealed for microsatellite variation in S. variabilis. Medium to high levels of self-recruitment were detected in all geomorphic populations, and rates and routes of genetic connectivity were species-specific. These patterns of population genetic structure and connectivity at a range of spatial scales indicate that flexible spatial management approaches are required for the conservation of deep-sea corals around New Zealand.
FIGURE 7 in A review of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Chile, with the description of two new species
FIGURE 7. Sites in southern Chilean fjord region where corals were found. Triangles: Desmophyllum dianthus, circles: Caryophyllia huinayensis, squares: Tethocyathus endesa.
FIGURE 5 in A review of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Chile, with the description of two new species
FIGURE 5. Desmophyllum dianthus in Chilean fjords: A, a dense coral bank under overhanging portion of a rock wall with more than 1500 individuals/m2, Comau Fjord, 28 m, width of foreground approx. 4 m; B, elongated specimens in the middle of a large aggregation, with the epizoic bryozoan Cellaria malvinensis, Reñihue Fjord, 30 m, scale bar 100 mm; C, specimens exhibiting white and orange tissue colour, Comau Fjord, 25 m. scale bar 20 mm; D, accumulation of coral rubble under coral bank shown in A, width of foreground approx. 1 m, Comau Fjord, 35 m; E, large detached pseudocolony encrusted with brown iron/manganse compounds, still frame from ROV video, Comau Fjord, 255 m, scale bar 50 mm.
FIGURE 3 in A review of the Scleractinia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of Chile, with the description of two new species
FIGURE 3. Caryophyllia huinayensis. Larger specimens on each photo with approximately 8–9 mm LCD. All photos except C from Quintupeu Fjord, 25 m (fig. C from Liliuapi Island, 18 m): A, typical view of a Caryophyllia aggregation associated with Desmopyhllum dianthus (below); B–D, details of specimens, coralla stained by endolithic algae; E, group of specimens, polyp in lower left corner with larvae or eggs in the tentacles; F, typical habitat sharing of C. huinayensis (lower) and D. dianthus (upper) on the overhanging portion of a boulder on sandy ground. Tethocyathus endesa was found on the same boulder in the nonoverhanging portion.
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