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2,401 results for “Subterranean”
FIG. 2 in Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa
FIG. 2. — Study area: A, Benthana olfersii (Brandt, 1833), Gruta Água Luminosa cave, Iporanga, state of São Paulo; B, Gruta da Tapagem cave, touristic entrance, Eldorado, state of São Paulo; C, Toca da Serra Rica, Nobres, state of Mato Grosso; D, Trichorhina amplitelson Campos-Filho, Carpio-Díaz & Borja-Arrieta, n. sp., Caverna do Jabuti, Curvelância, state of Mato Grosso.
FIG. 19 in Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa
FIG. 19. — Trichorhina amplitelson Campos-Filho, Carpio-Díaz & Borja-Arrieta, n. sp., female paratype, LES 27990: A, dorsal habitus; B, scale-seta; C, noduli laterales d/c coordinates; D, noduli laterales b/c coordinates; E, cephalon, dorsal view; F, cephalon, frontal view; G, pleonite 5 and telson; H, antennula; I, antenna; J, left mandible; K, right mandible; L, maxillula; M, maxilla; N, maxilliped. Scale bar: A, 1 mm.
FIG. 50 in Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa
FIG. 50. — Distribution map of the Armadillidae representatives: A, Gabunillo enfurnado Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette, n. sp.; B, new taxa of Venezillo Verhoeff, 1928. Abbreviations of states: BA, Bahia; GO, Goias; MG, Minas Gerais.
FIG. 3 in Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa
FIG. 3. — Study area: A, aphotic zone, Poço Azul do Milu cave, Chapada Diamantina; B, Gruna Boca da Lapa cave, Feira da Mata, State of Bahia; C, gallery of the Gruna Boca da Lapa cave; D, Diploexochus exu Campos-Filho, Sfenthourakis & Bichuette, n. sp., Gruna Boca da Lapa.
FIG. 15 in Shedding light into Brazilian subterranean isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea): expanding distribution data and describing new taxa
FIG. 15. — Distribution map of the Novamundoniscus species: Novamundoniscus mandacaru Campos-Filho, Araujo & Bichuette, n. sp., N. kayabi CamposFilho, Sfenthourakis & Araujo, n. sp. and N. canopus Campos-Filho, Gallo & Gallão, n. sp. Abbreviations of states: BA, Bahia; GO, Goias; MG, Minas Gerais; MS, Mato Grosso do Sul; MT, Mato Grosso; SP, São Paulo; TO, Tocantins.
From darkness to twilight: Morphological divergence between cave and surface-subterranean ecotone Niphargus species
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Finding shortcuts through collective tunnel excavation in a subterranean termite
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Data from: Refining trophic dynamics through multi-factor Bayesian mixing models: a case study of subterranean beetles.
<p>Food web dynamics are vital in shaping the functional ecology of ecosystems. However, trophic ecology is still in its infancy in groundwater ecosystems due to the cryptic nature of these environments. To unravel trophic interactions between subterranean biota, we applied an interdisciplinary Bayesian mixing model design (multi-factor BMM) based on the integration of faunal C and N bulk tissue stable isotope data (δ<sup>13</sup>C and δ<sup>15</sup>N) with radiocarbon data (Δ<sup>14</sup>C), and prior information from metagenomic analyses. We further compared outcomes from multi-factor BMM with a conventional isotope double proxy mixing model (SIA BMM), triple proxy (δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N and Δ<sup>14</sup>C, multi-proxy BMM) and double proxy combined with DNA prior information (SIA+DNA BMM) designs. Three species of subterranean beetles (<i>Paroster macrosturtensis</i>, <i>Paroster mesosturtensis</i> and <i>Paroster microsturtensis</i>) and their main prey items Chiltoniidae<i> </i>amphipods (AM1: <i>Scutachiltonia axfordi</i> and AM2: <i>Yilgarniella sturtensis</i>), cyclopoids and harpacticoids from a calcrete in Western Australia were targeted. Diet estimations from stable isotope only models indicated homogeneous patterns with modest preferences for amphipods as prey items. Multi-proxy BMM suggested increased - and species-specific - predatory pressures on amphipods coupled with high rates of scavenging/predation on sister species. SIA+DNA BMM showed marked preferences for amphipods AM1 and AM2 and reduced interspecific scavenging/predation on <i>Paroster </i>species. Multi-factorial BMM revealed the most precise estimations (lower overall SD and very marginal beetles' interspecific interactions), indicating consistent preferences for amphipods AM1 in all the beetles' diets. Incorporation of genetic priors allowed crucial refining of the feeding preferences, while integration of more expensive radiocarbon data as a third proxy (when combined with genetic data) produced more precise outcomes but close dietary reconstruction to that from SIA+DNA BMM. Further multidisciplinary modelling from other groundwater environments will help elucidate the potential behind these designs and bring light to the feeding ecology of one the most vital ecosystems worldwide.</p>
The interplay between habitat use, morphology and locomotion in subterranean crustaceans of the genus Niphargus
<p>Locomotion is an important, fitness-related functional trait. Environment selects for type of locomotion and shapes the morphology of locomotion-related traits such as body size and appendages. In subterranean aquatic arthropods, these traits are subjected to multiple, at times opposing selection pressures. Darkness selects for enhanced mechano- and chemosensory systems and hence elongation of appendages. Conversely, water currents have been shown to favor short appendages. However, no study has addressed the variation in locomotion of invertebrates inhabiting cave streams and cave lakes, or questioned the relationship between species' morphology and locomotion. To fill this knowledge gap, we studied the interplay between habitat use, morphology and locomotion in amphipods of the subterranean genus Niphargus. Previous studies showed that lake and stream species differ in morphology. Namely, lake species are large, stout and long-legged, whereas stream species are small, slender and short-legged. We here compared locomotion mode and speed between three lake and five stream species. In addition, we tested whether morphology predicts locomotion. We found that the stream species lie on their body sides and move using slow crawling or tail-flipping. The species inhabiting lakes move comparably faster, and use a variety of locomotion modes. Noteworthy, one of the lake species almost exclusively moves in an upright or semi-upright position that resembles walking. Body size and relative length of appendages predict locomotion mode and speed in all species. We propose that integrating locomotion in the studies of subterranean species might improve our understanding of their morphological evolution. </p>
FIGURES 1 – 2 in A new subterranean Iberian Cephennium with unusually modified metatrochanters (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Scydmaeninae)
FIGURES 1 – 2. Cephennium gladiator sp. n. Dorsal (1) and ventral (2) habitus of male.
Data from: Hybrids of two destructive subterranean termites established in the field, revealing a potential for gene flow between species
<p>Hybridization between invasive pest species may lead to significant genetic and economic impacts that require close monitoring. The two most invasive and destructive termite species worldwide, <em>Coptotermes formosanus</em> Shiraki and <em>Coptotermes gestroi</em> (Wasmann), have the potential for hybridization in the field. A three-year field survey conducted during the dispersal flight season of <em>Coptotermes</em> in Taiwan identified alates with atypical morphology, which were confirmed as hybrids of the two <em>Coptotermes</em> species using microsatellite and mitochondrial analyses. Out of 27,601 alates collected over three years, 4.4% were confirmed as hybrid alates, and some advanced hybrids (>F1 generations) were identified. The hybrid alates had a dispersal flight season that overlapped with the two parental species 13 out of 15 times. Most of the hybrid alates were females, implying that mating opportunities beyond F1 may primarily be possible through female hybrids. However, the incipient colony growth results from all potential mating combinations suggest that only backcross colonies with hybrid males could sometimes lead to brood development. The observed asymmetrical viability and fertility of hybrid alates may critically reduce the probability of advanced-hybrid colonies being established in the field.</p>
Subterranean Biology (832)
Subterranean Biology is an international journal published by Pensoft on behalf of the International Society for Subterranean Biology [SIBIOS] for the publication of original and significant contributions on all aspects of subterranean life. All published papers can be freely copied, downloaded, printed and distributed at no charge for the reader. Authors are thus encouraged to post the pdf files of published papers on their homepages or elsewhere to expedite distribution. There is no charge for color.<p></p>Subterranean Biology is an international journal published by Pensoft on behalf of the International Society for Subterranean Biology [SIBIOS] for the publication of original and significant contributions on all aspects of subterranean life. All published papers can be freely copied, downloaded, printed and distributed at no charge for the reader. Authors are thus encouraged to post the pdf files of published papers on their homepages or elsewhere to expedite distribution. There is no charge for color.
Data from: Caste-biased patterns of brain investment in the subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes
<p>Investment into neural tissue is expected to reflect the specific sensory and behavioral capabilities of a particular organism. Termites are eusocial insects that exhibit a caste system in which individuals can develop into one of several morphologically and behaviorally distinct castes. However, it is unclear to what extent these differences between castes are reflected in the anatomy of the brain. To address this question, we used deformation-based morphometry to conduct pairwise comparisons between the brains of different castes in the eastern subterranean termite, <em>Reticulitermes flavipes</em>. The dataset presented here consists of the confocal images of all the brains used in our analysis, separated by caste. Brains from five castes are presented - workers, soldiers, ergatoids, nymphs, and alates - which are further divided by sex.</p>
Figure 1 in An overview on the subterranean fauna from Central Asia
Figure 1. Central Asia. Map of main karst areas, in brown. (After Klimchouk, 2003; modified).
Phylogenetic assessment within a species complex of a subterranean rodent (Geomys bursarius) with conservation implications for isolated subspecies
<p>Range contraction and expansion from glaciation has led to genetic divergence that may be particularly pronounced in fossorial species with low dispersal. The plains pocket gopher (<em>Geomys bursarius</em>) is a fossorial species that ranges widely across North America but has a poorly understood phylogeny. We used mitogenomes (14,996 base pairs) from 56 individuals across seven subspecies, plus two outgroup species, to assess genetic divergence from minimum spanning trees, measure genetic distances, and infer phylogenetic trees using BEAST. We found <em>G. b. wisconsinensis </em>was monophyletic with recent divergence. Further assessment is needed for <em>G. b. major </em>because it was paraphyletic and exhibited inconsistent groupings with other clades. Importantly, we identified <em>G. b. illinoensis </em>as being genetically distinct and monophyletic likely due to a unique colonization event eastward across the Mississippi River. Because <em>G. b. illinoensis </em>faces continued pressures from niche reduction and habitat loss, we recommend that <em>G. b. illinoensis </em>be considered an evolutionary significant unit warranting conservation actions to promote connectivity and restore suitable habitat. Such conservation efforts should benefit other grassland species including those originating from clades west of the Mississippi River that may also be evolutionary significant units.</p>
Figure 6 in Subterranean fauna from Siberia and Russian Far East
Figure 6. MSS on the eastern slope of the Sikhote-Alin Mountain ridge, Primory, Far East.
Subterranean Biology (initial archive)
Subterranean Biology is an international journal published by Pensoft on behalf of the International Society for Subterranean Biology [SIBIOS] for the publication of original and significant contributions on all aspects of subterranean life. All published papers can be freely copied, downloaded, printed and distributed at no charge for the reader. Authors are thus encouraged to post the pdf files of published papers on their homepages or elsewhere to expedite distribution. There is no charge for color.<p></p>Subterranean Biology is an international journal published by Pensoft on behalf of the International Society for Subterranean Biology [SIBIOS] for the publication of original and significant contributions on all aspects of subterranean life. All published papers can be freely copied, downloaded, printed and distributed at no charge for the reader. Authors are thus encouraged to post the pdf files of published papers on their homepages or elsewhere to expedite distribution. There is no charge for color.
Subterranean Biology: Subterranean Biology- old
Subterranean Biology is an international journal published by Pensoft on behalf of the International Society for Subterranean Biology [SIBIOS] for the publication of original and significant contributions on all aspects of subterranean life. All published papers can be freely copied, downloaded, printed and distributed at no charge for the reader. Authors are thus encouraged to post the pdf files of published papers on their homepages or elsewhere to expedite distribution. There is no charge for color.<p></p>
Subterranean Biology
Subterranean Biology is an international journal published by Pensoft on behalf of the International Society for Subterranean Biology [SIBIOS] for the publication of original and significant contributions on all aspects of subterranean life. All published papers can be freely copied, downloaded, printed and distributed at no charge for the reader. Authors are thus encouraged to post the pdf files of published papers on their homepages or elsewhere to expedite distribution. There is no charge for color.<p></p>
FIGURE 7 in Under the surface: what we know about the threats to subterranean fishes in Brazil
FIGURE 7 | Total number of threats recorded for each basin.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.