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1,563 results for “Tradition”
Data from: Going where traditional markers have not gone before: utility of and promise for RAD-sequencing in marine invertebrate phylogeography and population genomics
Characterization of large numbers of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout a genome has the power to refine the understanding of population demographic history and to identify genomic regions under selection in natural populations. To this end, population genomic approaches that harness the power of next-generation sequencing to understand the ecology and evolution of marine invertebrates represent a boon to test long-standing questions in marine biology and conservation. We employed restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to identify SNPs in natural populations of the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, an emerging cnidarian model with a broad geographic range in estuarine habitats in North and South America, and portions of England. We identified hundreds of SNP-containing tags in thousands of RAD loci from 30 barcoded individuals inhabiting four locations from Nova Scotia to South Carolina. Population genomic analyses using high-confidence SNPs resulted in a highly-resolved phylogeography, a result not achieved in previous studies using traditional markers. Plots of locus-specific FST against heterozygosity suggest that a majority of polymorphic sites are neutral, with a smaller proportion suggesting evidence for balancing selection. Loci inferred to be under balancing selection were mapped to the genome, where 90% were located in gene bodies, indicating potential targets of selection. The results from analyses with and without a reference genome supported similar conclusions, further highlighting RAD-seq as a method that can be efficiently applied to species lacking existing genomic resources. We discuss the utility of RAD-seq approaches in burgeoning Nematostella research as well as in other cnidarian species, particularly corals and jellyfishes, to determine phylogeographic relationships of populations and identify regions of the genome undergoing selection.
Data from: Revising traditional theory on the link between plant body size and fitness under competition: evidence from old-field vegetation
The selection consequences of competition in plants have been traditionally interpreted based on a "size-advantage" hypothesis – that is, under intense crowding/competition from neighbors, natural selection generally favors capacity for a relatively large plant body size. However, this conflicts with abundant data, showing that resident species body size distributions are usually strongly right-skewed at virtually all scales within vegetation. Using surveys within sample plots and a neighbor-removal experiment, we tested: (1) whether resident species that have a larger maximum potential body size (MAX) generally have more successful local individual recruitment, and thus greater local abundance/density (as predicted by the traditional size-advantage hypothesis); and (2) whether there is a general between-species trade-off relationship between MAX and capacity to produce offspring when body size is severely suppressed by crowding/competition – that is, whether resident species with a larger MAX generally also need to reach a larger minimum reproductive threshold size (MIN) before they can reproduce at all. The results showed that MIN had a positive relationship with MAX across resident species, and local density – as well as local density of just reproductive individuals – was generally greater for species with smaller MIN (and hence smaller MAX). In addition, the cleared neighborhoods of larger target species (which had relatively large MIN) generally had – in the following growing season – a lower ratio of conspecific recruitment within these neighborhoods relative to recruitment of other (i.e., smaller) species (which had generally smaller MIN). These data are consistent with an alternative hypothesis based on a 'reproductive-economy-advantage' – that is, superior fitness under competition in plants generally requires not larger potential body size, but rather superior capacity to recruit offspring that are in turn capable of producing grand-offspring – and hence transmitting genes to future generations – despite intense and persistent (cross-generational) crowding/competition from near neighbors. Selection for the latter is expected to favor relatively small minimum reproductive threshold size and hence – as a tradeoff – relatively small (not large) potential body size.
Data from: The effects of recent changes in breeding preferences on maintaining traditional Dutch chicken genomic diversity
Traditional Dutch chicken breeds are marginalised breeds of ornamental and cultural-historical importance. In the last decades, miniaturising of existing breeds (so called neo-bantam) has become popular and resulted in alternatives to original large breeds. However, while backcrossing is increasing the neo-bantams homozygosity, genetic exchange between breeders may increase their genetic diversity. We use the 60K SNP array to characterise the genetic diversity, demographic history, and level of inbreeding of Dutch heritage breeds, and particularly of neo-bantams. Commercial white layers are used to contrast the impact of management strategy on genetic diversity and demography. A high proportion of alleles was found to be shared between large fowls and neo-bantams, suggesting gene flow during neo-bantams development. Population admixture analysis supports these findings, in addition to revealing introgression from neo-bantams of the same breed and of phenotypically similar breeds. The prevalence of long runs of homozygosity (ROH) confirms the importance of recent inbreeding. A high diversity in management, carried out in small breeding units explains the high heterogeneity in diversity and ROH profile displayed by traditional breeds compared to commercial lines. Population bottlenecks may explain the long ROHs in large fowls, while repetitive backcrossing for phenotype selection may account for them in neo-bantams. Our results highlight the importance of using markers to inform breeding programmes on potentially harmful homozygosity to prevent loss of genetic diversity. We conclude that bantamisation has generated unique and identifiable genetic diversity. However, this diversity can only be preserved in the near future through structured breeding programmes.
Traditional Bed
Traditional Bed. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Indonesian Traditional Snack
Food in Indonesia is so much more than it looks. It's a combination of cultures and so much history. I especially love how Chinese recipes slowly seeped into the local dish and create such amazing food that visualize the good relationship between them. Until the racial clarrification introduced by the Dutch attacked. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
FIGURES 1–3 in The type specimens of Calyptratae (Diptera) housed in non-traditional institutions in Argentina
FIGURES 1–3. Lucilia mera Shannon & Del Ponte, 1926. Holotype. 1. Type labels. 2–3. Slides examined by Mello (1961). 2. Wing. 3. Genitalia.
Figure 4 in Inconvenient hyperdiversity - the traditional concept of "PheIdole pallIdula" includes four cryptic species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 4. linear discriminant analysis of Pheidole balcanica nov. sp. (rhombs), Ph. koshewnikovi (squares) and Ph. pallidula (triangles). The position of types is indicated by letters: B – Ph. balcanica, K – Ph. koshewnikovi, O – Ph. orientalis, S – Ph. subdentata.
Figure 3 in Inconvenient hyperdiversity - the traditional concept of "PheIdole pallIdula" includes four cryptic species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 3. Hierarchical NC-Ward clustering of 72 nest samples of major workers of Pheidole balcanica sp.nov. and P. koshewnikovi after stepwise reduction to seven morphometric characters. The arrows indicate two samples of P. balcanica sp.nov. erroneously allocated to the P. koshewnikovi cluster. The misplacement was rectified by a wild-card run of a controlling linear discriminant function which agreed with non-hierarchical NC-K-means clustering by 100 %.
Figure 2 in Inconvenient hyperdiversity - the traditional concept of "PheIdole pallIdula" includes four cryptic species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 2. Hierarchical NC-Ward clustering of 110 nest samples of major workers of the three European species of the Pheidole pallidula species complex considering all 17 morphometric characters unselectively. The arrows mark two samples of P. pallidula erroneously allocated to the P. balcanica et koshewnikovi cluster. The misplacement was rectified by a wild-card run of a controlling linear discriminant function which agreed with non-hierarchical NC-K-means clustering by 100 %.
Figure 1 in Inconvenient hyperdiversity - the traditional concept of "PheIdole pallIdula" includes four cryptic species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Figure 1. Morphometric characters in lateral aspect of mesosoma. The dotted line shows the level mesosomal longitudinal axis.
FIGURE 2 in When starvation challenges the tradition of niche conservatism: On a new species of the saxicolous genus Phymaturus from Patagonia Argentina with pseudoarboreal foraging behaviour (Iguania, Liolaemidae)
FIGURE 2. (a) Adult female paratype of Phymaturus agilis in life from Terra Typica, Río Negro, ventral view. Photo: F.O. Tappari, 11-10-2007. (b) Adult of Phymaturus agilis foraging and feeding on a Lycium gillesianum shrub. Photo: Cynthia González, 26-11-2006.
FIGURE 1 in When starvation challenges the tradition of niche conservatism: On a new species of the saxicolous genus Phymaturus from Patagonia Argentina with pseudoarboreal foraging behaviour (Iguania, Liolaemidae)
FIGURE 1. (a) Adult male holotype of Phymaturus agilis in life from Terra Typica, Río Negro, dorsal view. Photo: J.A. Scolaro, 10-03-2006. (b) Adult female paratype of Phymaturus agilis in life from Terra Typica, Río Negro, dorsal view. Photo: J.A. Scolaro, 10-03-2006.
Character of the Pakpak Traditional House Ornament as a Culture of Local Wisdom
<p>This paper discusses the traditional character of the Pakpak tribe, and the various ornaments that are highlighted in the traditiona house of the local community. The character possessed by the meaning of good values will explere similarities and differences and can be studied in theological and retional patterns. The narrative presentation generally circulates in the representation of environmental and cultural sustainability, it aims to direct national cultural knowledge relevant to global interests. This paper will try to explore what lessons can be learned from understanding ornamental characters that still exist in ethnic circles for the development of the creative economy which has recently become material about the impact of their respective socil environments. The last section leads to the management of the regional creative economy and explores the types of ornaments in the form of ideas to be applied in existing institutions, and what changes may be required for the local cultural scene. </p><p> </p><p> </p>
Identification of the Inhibition Mechanism of Fructooligosaccharide from Chinese Traditional Medicine Polygonatum sibiricum to Carbonic Anhydrase II
<p>The input files, parameter files, topology files, etc. of the MD simulation in the manuscript "Identification of the Inhibition Mechanism of Fructooligosaccharide from Chinese Traditional Medicine Polygonatum sibiricum to Carbonic Anhydrase II".</p>
웃음장승 korean traditional totem
웃음장승 korean traditional totem Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
tent uae traditional
tent uae 3d model traditional uae Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Traditional use of medicinal plants among the indigenous communities in district Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India
<p>A number of indigenous communities reside in the Himalayan belt of Baramulla, where the lack of modern health care facilities represents crucial problems to their survival. Therefore the current study was aimed at documenting traditional knowledge of medicinal plants in the region. Ethnomedicinal data was collected during 2018-2020. Fifty-one informants were interviewed in seventeen villages via questionnaires, semi-structured interviews and group discussions. Data was also analyzed by various ethnobotanical indices. A total of 85 plant species distributed in 40 families were documented. Asteraceae was reported to be the dominant plant family and leaves were the most frequently utilized plant part. Musculoskeletal disorder scored the highest ICF value (0.87). Colchicum luteum (0.61), Verbascum thapsus (0.59) reported highest UV and Viola odorata, Ajuga integrifolia had the highest FL of 100%. Of the documented species about 18 plants (21%) were reported for the first time to be used in the area. Medicinal plants still play an important role in the healthcare sector and the folk knowledge attached to them is remarkable in the region, although declining among the younger generations. Medicinal plants reported for the first time, needs to be studied pharmacologically.</p>
Build Prediction in Continuous Integration Using Textual Analysis of Source Code and Traditional Software Metrics
<p>Continuous Integration (CI) systems integrate code changes committed by software developers, tests the results of the integration, and feed developers with information about the outcome of the integration and testing. Predicting the outcome of the integration is important since it reduces the feedback time between the CI system and the developers. This data-set comprises of historical code changes extracted from the TravisTorrent data-set (found in the train-lines folder) and their corresponding feature vectors (found in the train-bag-of-words folder) for Java projects. It also includes a set of files that contains historical build records and a set of traditional software metrics.</p>
Fig. 2 in Lactobacillus suantsaii sp. nov., isolated from suan-tsai, a traditional Taiwanese fermented mustard green
Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree based on the concatenated housekeeping gene sequences (pheS and rpoA) showing the relationship of Lactobacillus suantsaii sp. nov. L88T with strains of closely related species. The tree was reconstructed by the neighbour-joining method on the basis of a comparison of 1138 bp, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293T was used as an outgroup. Bootstrap values based on 1000 replicates are shown at branch nodes for neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and minimum-evolution methods, respectively. Bar, 5 % sequence divergence.
Fig. 3 in Lactobacillus suantsaii sp. nov., isolated from suan-tsai, a traditional Taiwanese fermented mustard green
Fig. 3. Phylogenomic tree of Lactobacillus suantsaii sp. nov. L88T with strains of closely related species. The tree was reconstructed by the maximum-likelihood method on the basis of a comparison of 660 core genes. Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293T was used as an outgroup. Bar, 10 % sequence divergence.
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