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FIGURE 4 in Rediscovery of Southern Barbed-wire Bush-cricket, Onconotus servillei Fischer von Waldheim (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Onconotini) in Serbia, with notes on species' calling song at the westernmost border of its distribution area

FIGURE 4. Oscillograms (A–D) and frequency spectrum (E) of calling song of Onconotus servillei: A, C—male fromVajuga (Serbia) 18 VII 2019, air temperature 24°C; B, D—male from Pâclele muddy volcanoes (Romania) 23 VI 2014, air temperature 25°C; E—male from from Vajuga (Serbia). Blue—one group of sylalbles (echeme); red—opening hemisyllable; green—closing hemisyllable.

FIGURE 1. A in Rediscovery of Southern Barbed-wire Bush-cricket, Onconotus servillei Fischer von Waldheim (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Onconotini) in Serbia, with notes on species' calling song at the westernmost border of its distribution area

FIGURE 1. A—Distribution of Onconotus servillei in Europe; B—Geographic distribution of O. servillei in Serbia: red circles—old literature data; green circle—new locality; red triangle—Moravica river, near Sokobanja; C—Pannonic steppe grassland where the O. servillei was found.

FIGURE 3 in Rediscovery of Southern Barbed-wire Bush-cricket, Onconotus servillei Fischer von Waldheim (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Onconotini) in Serbia, with notes on species' calling song at the westernmost border of its distribution area

FIGURE 3. SEM of Onconotus servillei male taxonomically structures of: A—Cercus (Romania); B—Titillator (Romania); C—Stridulatory file (Serbia). Scale bar 300 µm.

FIGURE 2. A in Rediscovery of Southern Barbed-wire Bush-cricket, Onconotus servillei Fischer von Waldheim (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Tettigoniinae: Onconotini) in Serbia, with notes on species' calling song at the westernmost border of its distribution area

FIGURE 2. A—Habitus of Onconotus servillei (male); B—Dorsal view of pronotum; C—Lateral view of pronotum; D—Male 10th tergum. Scale bar 1 mm.

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FIGURES 164–166. Male calling song. 164—P in Poecilimon bosphoricus group (Orthoptera, Phaneropterinae): iteration of morpho-taxonomy by song characteristics 3225

FIGURES 164–166. Male calling song. 164—P. cervus (Turkey:Bolu), 165—P. demirsoyi (Turkey: A, B-Bolu), 166—P. bosphoricus (Turkey: Bolu).

FIGURE 42 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 42. Waveform plots illustrating the lilting component of the male calling song of Pauropsalta kobongoides sp. nov. from four different localities, including: (i) Weengallon (28°22'S 149°03'E), (ii) Barmedman (34°09'S 147°23'E), (iii) Mount Hope (32°50'S 145°53'E), and (iv) Narromine (32°20'S 148°14'E). Mean phrase repetition rates (PRR) for each recording are provided to the right of each plot for reference. Recording (i) was made using RS1, while all other recordings were made using RS5 (see methods).

FIGURE 39 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 39. Illustrations of male pygofer and internal genitalia, viewed ventrally (left) and laterally from left (right): (A) Pauropsalta kobongoides sp. nov., 65km NNE. of St George (27°32'S 148°50'E); (B) P. corymbiae sp. nov., Bull's Gully via Adavale (25°58'S 144°59'E); (C) P. inversa sp. nov., Eidsvold (25°22'S 151°07'E); (D) P. rubristrigata (Goding and Froggatt), Mt Lofty (34°59'S 138°43'E); (E–F) P. ayrensis Ewart, (E) Eidsvold (25°22'S 151°07'E), (F) Mount Surprise (18°09'S 144°19'E). Scaling is the same for all illustrations except (D), which is scaled differently to the rest.

FIGURE 37 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 37. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta decora sp. nov. illustrated in expanded waveform plots (explained in Fig. 8), showing both buzzing and lilting components. The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency, which exhibits no modulation between the song components in this species. This specimen was recorded in the field at Beardmore Dam via St George (27°51'S 148°38'E).

FIGURE 30 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 30. Waveform plots illustrating the lilting component of the male calling song of Pauropsalta granitica sp. nov. from six different localities, including: (i) Mount Carbine (16°35'S 145°11'E), (ii) 27 km W. of Mount Surprise (18°13'S 144°04'E), (iii) Einasleigh River (18°11'S 144°00'E), (iv) 75 km W. of Georgetown (18°16'S 142°41'E), (v) Savannah Way 2 km E. of Qld/ NT border (17°13'S 138°01'E), and (vi) 8 km W. of Calvert River via Borroloola (16°53'S 137°18'E). Mean phrase repetition rates (PRR) for each recording are provided to the right of each plot for reference. All recordings were made by D. Marshall using RS4, apart from recording (i), which was made using RS1 (see methods).

FIGURE 26 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 26. Waveform plots illustrating the male calling song of Pauropsalta simplex sp. nov. from four different localities, including: (i) Atherton (17°16'S 145°29'E), (ii) Top of Herberton Range (17°21'S 145°35'E), (iii) 5km W. of Herberton (17°23'S 145°21'E) and (iv) Bluewater Creek Rest Area S. of Townsville (19°11'S 146°33'E). Mean phrase repetition rates (PRR) for each recording are provided to the right of each plot for reference. All recordings were made using RS1, with the exception of recording (iv), which was made by D. Marshall using RS4 (see methods).

FIGURE 21 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 21. Waveform plots illustrating the male calling song of Pauropsalta tremula sp. nov. from six different localities, including: (i) Lake Broadwater (27°21'S 151°06'E), (ii) Coolmunda Dam (28°26'S 151°14'E), (iii) Miles (27°37'S 150°10'E), (iv) Benarkin (26°53'S 152°08'E), (v) Cooyar (26°59'S 151°50'E), and (vi) Eidsvold (25°22'S 151°07'E). Mean phrase repetition rates (PRR) for each recording are provided to the right of each plot for reference. The Benarkin recording (iv) is a duet that includes the responses of a female, with each female wing-flick indicated by an arrow.

FIGURE 25 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 25. Male calling song structure of Pauropsalta simplex sp. nov. illustrated in expanded waveform plots (explained in Fig. 8). The spectrogram at the bottom of the figure displays song frequency. This specimen was recorded in the field at Atherton (17°16'S 145°29'E).

FIGURE 5 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 5. Illustrations of male right opercula, with medial margin at bottom. (A–B) Pauropsalta annulata Goding and Froggatt, (A) Lake Dyer (27°38'S 152°22'E), (B) Charlevue Creek (23°41'S 149°08'E); (C) P. notialis notialis subsp. nov., Concord (33°51'S 151°06'E), (D) P. n. incitata subsp. nov., Barakula State Forest via Chinchilla (26°15'S 150°49'E); (E) P. n. notialisxincitata hybrid, Atkinsons Dam (27°26'S 152°27'E); (F) P. tremula sp. nov., Lake Broadwater (27°21'S 151°06'E); (G) P. blackdownensis sp. nov., Blackdown Tableland (23°47'S 149°00'E); (H) P. simplex sp. nov., Atherton (17°16'S 145°29'E); (I) P. granitica sp. nov., 7km SE. of Mount Carbine (16°34'S 145°10'E).

FIGURE 4 in A revision of the Pauropsalta annulata Goding & Froggatt species group (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) based on morphology, calling songs and ecology, with investigations into calling song structure, molecular phylogenetic relationships and a case of hybridisation between two subspecies

FIGURE 4. Illustrations of male right timbals, with dorsal edge at left and posterior margin at bottom: (A–B) Pauropsalta annulata Goding and Froggatt, Lake Dyer (27°38'S 152°22'E) and Charlevue Creek (23°41'S 149°08'E) respectively; (C) P. notialis notialis subsp. nov., Concord (33°51'S 151°06'E); (D) P. n. incitata subsp. nov., Barakula State Forest via Chinchilla (26°15'S 150°49'E); (E) P. n. notialisxincitata hybrid, Atkinsons Dam (27°26'S 152°27'E); (F) P. tremula sp. nov., Lake Broadwater (27°21'S 151°06'E); (G) P. blackdownensis sp. nov., Blackdown Tableland (23°47'S 149°00'E); (H) P. simplex sp. nov., Atherton (17°16'S 145°29'E); (I) P. granitica sp. nov., 7km SE. of Mount Carbine (16°34'S 145°10'E); (J) P. subtropica sp. nov., 1km N. of Auburn River National Park (25°43'S 151°03'E); (K) P. torrensis sp. nov., Torrens Creek (20°47'S 145°01'E); (L) P. decora sp. nov., 82km N. of St George (27°23'S 148°52'E); (M) P. kobongoides sp. nov., 65km NNE. of St George (27°32'S 148°50'E); (N) P. corymbiae sp. nov., Bull's Gully via Adavale (25°58'S 144°59'E); (O) P. inversa sp. nov., Eidsvold (25°22'S 151°07'E); (P) P. rubristrigata (Goding and Froggatt), Mt Lofty (34°59'S 138°43'E); (Q–R) P. ayrensis Ewart, (Q) 1km N. of Maroon Dam (28°11'S 152°39'E), (R) Mount Surprise (18°09'S 144°19'E). Scaling is the same for all illustrations except (P), which is scaled differently to the rest.