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440 results for “community changes”
Dataset of the paper: A first-year melon/cowpea intercropping system improves soil nutrients and changes the soil microbial community
<p>Dataset and raw data</p>
Changes in arthropod communities mediate the effects of landscape composition and farm management on pest control ecosystem services in organically managed strawberry crops
<p>Landscape composition and local diversification practices such as polyculture, cover cropping, and hedgerows may promote natural pest control by benefiting natural enemy communities on farms. Our study employs piecewise structural equation modeling (PSEM) to test causal hypotheses regarding the effects of landscape composition and local diversification practices on arthropod communities and pest control ecosystem services.</p> <p>We sampled 27 organic strawberry fields in California's Central Coast region in 2015 and 2016 (17 repeated between years) for a total of 37 distinct sites across years. The sites were selected along orthogonal gradients of landscape composition and local diversification practices. We also investigated the effects of two common pest management practices. At each site, we sampled arthropod communities using a hand-held vacuum and performed sentinel prey experiments using the pest species <em>Lygus hesperus</em> to estimate pest control levels.</p> <p>At the landscape scale, proportion woods increased natural enemy abundance; at the local scale, diversification practices increased natural enemy diversity.</p> <p>Insecticides and tractor vacuuming, aimed at controlling pests, were indirectly detrimental to pest control services. Both practices decreased natural enemy abundance, and while insecticides also decreased pest abundance, vacuuming did not.</p> <p>Natural enemy abundance and diversity increased pest control levels, while pest abundance had the opposite effect. The PSEM results confirmed our hypotheses that landscape and local effects on pest control are mediated through changes in arthropod communities.</p> <p><em><a>Synthesis </a>and applications</em>: At the landscape scale, higher proportions of woody habitat are associated with greater natural enemy abundance, which increases pest control levels. When promoting pest control ecosystem services is a policy goal, regional planners should prioritize the conservation and restoration of woodlands in agricultural landscapes. At the local scale, decisions of individual growers can impact pest control services. For many growers, adopting practices that promote on-farm plant diversity may be a feasible solution for increasing pest control levels while avoiding the environmental and economic costs imposed by insecticide application and tractor <a>vacuuming. </a></p> <div> <div> <div class="msocomtxt"> <p class="MsoCommentText"> </p> </div> </div> </div>
Environment driven changes in diversity of riparian plant communities along a mountain river
<p>The study of changes in species richness and composition along rivers has focused on large spatial scales. It has been ignored that in different sections of the river (high mountain area, middle zone and river mouth) the specific environmental conditions can generate different longitudinal patterns of the species richness and composition. In this study we determine if species richness and composition of the riparian plant communities change along a mountain river and if these changes are related with environmental variables. We expect an increase in species richness and turnover along the river, that the upstream communities would be a subset of the downstream communities and that such would be related to edaphic and hydrologic conditions. To test this, we sampled three strata of the riparian vegetation (upper: individuals with <1 cm of ND, middle: individuals with >1 cm of ND, low: individuals with >1 m tall) in a set 15 sites that we place along a mountain river. Additionally, we recorded topographic, hydrological, morphological, and soil variables. We performed correlation analyzes to determine if changes in species richness and turnover were related to increased distance to the origin of the river. Also, we obtained the nestedness and evaluated the importance of environmental variables with GLM, LASSO regression and CCA. With the increase in distance the species richness decreases in the upper stratum, but not in the middle and the low stratum (although the highest values were observed near the origin of the river), the turnover increase in all strata and the upstream communities were not a subset of the downstream communities. The changes in species richness and composition were related to topographic (altitude), hydrological (flow) and edaphic (conductivity and pH) variables. Our results indicate that at small spatial scales the patterns of richness and composition differ from what has been found at larger spatial scales and that these patterns are associated with environmental changes in the strong altitude gradients of mountain rivers.</p>
Increasing abundance of an invasive C4 grass is associated with larger community changes away than at home
<p><strong><span>Aim</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> We evaluated the stands of the invasive grass, <em>Sporobolus cryptandrus</em> in its native North American and non-native European range, where it is a recent invader. Our aim was to reveal how the species' increasing abundance affects functional diversity and ecosystem service provisioning capacities of plant communities in both ranges.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Location</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> Sand</span> <span>grasslands in the Kiskunság, Hungary, and in Montana, USA.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> All vascular plant species and their relative abundances were recorded </span><span>in a stratified random manner in 1</span><span>m×1m </span><span>plots in</span><span> each range, using the following cover categories of <em>Sporobolus</em> as strata: 1–25%, 26–50%, 50–75%, and 75–100%. The functional characteristics of the plant communities of the two continents were compared. We performed the comparisons of the communities both with and without including Sporobolus.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span><strong>: </strong>Increasing <em>Sporobolus</em> cover resulted in a lower functional diversity and species richness, reduced average specific leaf area, and increased height of the whole plant communities in both ranges but these effects were significantly stronger in the non-native stands. <em>Sporobolus</em> also negatively affected the cover of insect-pollinated plant species and the proportion of native perennials, switching the rest of the community from perennial-dominated to annual-dominated. In the plant communities without <em>Sporobolus</em>, increasing <em>Sporobolus</em> cover led to higher specific leaf area and seed mass in both ranges, but average height was decreasing along the <em>Sporobolus</em> abundance gradient in the native range, while it was increasing in the non-native range. </span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusions</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> The spread of <em>Sporobolus</em>, away from its native range, leads to the impoverishment of host communities and compromises the biomass and floral resource provisioning capacity of the vegetation to higher trophic levels. Tackling the spread of this new invader should therefore be a priority task.</span></p>
Changes in temperature alter competitive interactions and overall structure of fig wasp communities
<p>1. Organisms exist within ecological networks, connected through interactions such as parasitism, predation and mutualism which can modify their abundance and distribution within habitat patches. Differential species responses make it hard to predict the influence of climate change at the community scale. Understanding the interplay between climate and biotic interactions can improve our predictions of how ecosystems will respond to current global warming.</p> <p>2. We aim to understand how climate affects the multi-trophic biotic interactions as well as the community structure using the enclosed communities of wasps associated with figs as a study system.</p> <p>3. To examine the presence and strength of multi-trophic species interactions, we first characterized the multi-trophic community of fig wasps associated with <em>Ficus racemosa</em> and then applied hierarchical joint species distribution models, fitted to community monitoring data. We further evaluated the effect of climate on individual species trends as well as inter-specific interactions.</p> <p>4. We found that the competitive balance shifted to favour non-pollinating galling wasps and disadvantage the dominant pollinator in sub-optimal conditions. Further, sub-optimal conditions for galling wasps facilitated the occurrence of their specialized parasitoid, as changes cascaded across trophic levels and led to alternative community structures. Our results highlight the role of how species interactions can be modified across multiple trophic levels in a fig wasp community according to climate.</p>
Data from: Integrating water quality monitoring and diatom community trends to determine landscape-level change in protected lakes.
<p>These data represent water quality measurements and diatom counts from surface sediments collected from lakes in five National Park units in the Great Lakes Region (USA) between 2005 and 2018. Water quality measurements were made three times annually during the growing season; data are presented as growing season means. Surface sediment samples were collected from the same lakes every 3-5 years over more than a decade to analyze diatom community turnover. Diatom data are presented as proportions relative to total diatom counts in each sample; only taxa occuring at 2% or greater in a given park were included. </p>
Increasing prevalence of severe fires change the structure of arthropod communities: Evidence from a meta-analysis
<p>1. Animal ecology and evolution are shaped by environmental perturbations, which are undergoing unprecedented alterations due to climate change. Fire is one such perturbation that causes significant disruption by causing mortality and altering habitats and resources for animals. Fire regimes are changing on a global scale, but the effects of these changes on animal communities are poorly understood. Arthropods are one of the most ubiquitous and diverse animal taxa on the planet and their populations are sensitive to environmental change. Given their wide-ranging impacts on ecosystem functioning, a better understanding of arthropod responses to changing fire regimes is critical and may also provide more general insights into how other groups might respond to fire.</p> <p>2. Here, we provide a comprehensive meta-analytical assessment of how fire influences the arthropod community across habitats and functional groups. Using data from 130 peer-reviewed papers across the globe, we tested how a variety of fire characteristics, including management regime, severity, and time-since-fire affect arthropod populations and communities across habitats.</p> <p>3. Our results show that arthropod communities display substantial variation in response to fire and that community-level responses are most likely to be detected within the first year. Responses also vary depending on fire characteristics and habitat. Specifically, while community metrics such as diversity were increased by low severity fires, they were reduced by high severity fires. Likewise, evenness increased after prescribed burns but was reduced after wildfire. Measures of arthropod community structure decreased following fires in deserts and forests.</p> <p>4. Across the entire arthropod community, fire also had variable effects on community diversity. Fire tended to have a negative effect size on arthropods across life stages, but responses did vary among groups. Nearly all functional groups exhibited a negative response to fire with the exception of herbivores, for which abundance, diversity, and richness increased after fire.</p> <p>5. Our results suggest that the increasing prevalence of high-severity wildfires is changing the structure of arthropod communities. Given their ubiquitous presence and diverse roles in terrestrial ecosystems, these community changes are likely to affect ecosystem functioning in various ways, including through increased herbivory.</p>
Data from: Trophic niches of Collembola communities change with elevation but also with body size and life form
<p>Climate change increases habitat loss of endemic tree species and drives forest conversion in mountainous forests. Elevational gradients provide the opportunity to predict possible consequences of such changes. While species compositions of various taxa have been investigated along elevational gradients, data on trophic changes in soil-dwelling organisms is scarce. Here, we analyze trophic changes of the Collembola community along the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, China. We sampled seven elevations (800-1700 m asl) with 150 m elevational difference along a primary forest gradient. At eight subplots per elevation, we categorized Collembola species into life forms, measured individual body lengths and bulk stable isotopes. Mean and minimum <span>Δ<sup>15</sup>N and mean Δ<sup>13</sup>C increased with increasing elevation, while the range of Δ<sup>15</sup>N decreased. Maximum and minimum of Δ<sup>13</sup>C differed between elevations but showed no linear response. Isotopic uniqueness increased with elevation. Δ<sup>15</sup>N values of Collembola species occurring across all elevations increased with elevation. Changes in Δ<sup>15</sup>N with elevation were most pronounced in hemiedaphic species. Δ<sup>15</sup>N </span>values <span>increased with decreasing body size in hemiedaphic and euedaphic species. </span>Δ<sup>13</sup>C increased strongest with elevation in euedaphic species. <span>Overall, the</span> results suggest that<span> Collembola species functioning as primary decomposers shift towards functioning as secondary decomposers at higher elevations. Further</span>, access to alternative food resources may depend on Collembola life form and body size, this relationship, however, likely varies between ecosystems. Collembola functioning as secondary decomposers in coniferous forests may function as primary decomposers under climate driven forest conversion as species boundaries of tree species of lower elevations expand.</p>
Code and data sets analysed in: "Marine heatwave bleaching causes mass mortality and drives a microbial community reorganisation in an ecologically important temperate sponge" Bell et al. (2024). Global Change Biology
<p>The attached zipped folder contains in-situ, satellite, reanalysis and laboratory measurements, together with R and MATLAB scripts, to reproduce the results in Bell et al. (2024). Marine heatwave bleaching causes mass mortality and drives a microbial community reorganisation in an ecologically important temperate sponge. Global Change Biology. Each folder contains a read me file that describes the enclosed data sets and scripts.</p>
Supplementary material 4 from: Theissinger K, Kästel A, Elbrecht V, Makkonen J, Michiels S, Schmidt S, Allgeier S, Leese F, Brühl C (2018) Using DNA metabarcoding for assessing chironomid diversity and community change in mosquito controlled temporary wetlands. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e21060. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.21060
OTU ID, taxonomy of identified species, BOLD Bin, sequence abundancies per site an time and OTU sequences
Supplementary material 3 from: Theissinger K, Kästel A, Elbrecht V, Makkonen J, Michiels S, Schmidt S, Allgeier S, Leese F, Brühl C (2018) Using DNA metabarcoding for assessing chironomid diversity and community change in mosquito controlled temporary wetlands. Metabarcoding and Metagenomics 2: e21060. https://doi.org/10.3897/mbmg.2.21060
We pooled the library according to the number of specimens per sample and could show that our read abundance highly correlates with specimen abundance. Thus, we could use the read abundancies as surrogates for relative species abundancies.
FIGURE 3 in Change In The Meiofauna Community Structure Of Sandy Beaches Of The Nuevo Gulf (Chubut, Argentina
FIGURE 3: MDS ordinations from fourth root transformed abundances of meiofauna data in the beaches near to (●) and far away from (○) a city of Nuevo Gulf.
FIGURE 4 in Change In The Meiofauna Community Structure Of Sandy Beaches Of The Nuevo Gulf (Chubut, Argentina
FIGURE 4: Principal component analysis ordinations from fourth root transformed data of abiotic variables in the beaches near to (●) and far away from (○) the city of Nuevo Gulf. RPD: redox potential discontinuity dept; MGS: mean grain size.
Data from: High resistance towards herbivore-induced habitat change in a high arctic arthropod community
Mammal herbivores may exert strong impacts on plant communities, and are often key drivers of vegetation composition and diversity. We tested whether such mammal-induced changes to a high Arctic plant community are reflected in the structure of other trophic levels. Specifically, we tested whether substantial vegetation changes following the experimental exclusion of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) altered the composition of the arthropod community and the predator-prey interactions therein. Overall, we found no impact of muskox-exclusion on the arthropod community: the diversity and abundance of both arthropod predators (spiders) and of their prey were unaffected by muskox presence, and so was the qualitative and quantitative structure of predator-prey interactions. Hence, high Arctic arthropod communities seem highly resistant towards even large biotic changes in their habitat, which we attribute to the high connectance in the food web.
R-scripts for the calculation of HW and Bioclimatic models in: "Small vertebrate and mollusc community response to the Holocene environment and climate changes in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Poland)"
<p>HW_Holocene: Tables and R script used for calculation of HW percentage values.</p> <p>PalBER_Bioclimaticmodel_modified: Tables and R script used for the calculation of the climate values through Bioclimatic model. Modified after Royer et al., 2020.</p>
Data from: Warming and eutrophication interactively drive changes in the methane-oxidizing community of shallow lakes
<p>Freshwater ecosystems are the largest natural source of the greenhouse gas methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), with shallow lakes a particular hot spot. Eutrophication and warming generally increase lake CH<sub>4</sub> emissions but their impacts on the sole biological methane sink - methane oxidation - and methane-oxidizer community dynamics are poorly understood. We used the world's longest-running freshwater climate-change mesocosm experiment to determine how methane-oxidizing bacterial (MOB) abundance and composition, and methane oxidation potential in the sediment respond to eutrophication, short-term nitrogen addition and warming. After nitrogen addition, MOB abundance and methane oxidation potential increased, while warming increased MOB abundance without altering methane oxidation potential. MOB community composition was driven by both temperature and nutrient availability. Eutrophication increased relative abundance of type I MOB <i>Methyloparacoccus</i>. Warming favoured type II MOB <i>Methylocystis</i> over type I MOB<i> Methylomonadaceae</i>, shifting the MOB community from type I dominance to type I and II co-dominance, thereby altering MOB community traits involved in growth and stress-responses. This shift to slower-growing MOB may explain why higher MOB abundance in warmed mesocosms did not coincide with higher methane oxidation potential. Overall, we show that eutrophication and warming differentially change the MOB community, resulting in an altered ability to mitigate CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from shallow lakes.</p>
Strolling through a century: replicating historical bird surveys to explore 100 years of change in an urban bird community
<p>In 1898, Herbert and Alice Walter started a 5-year survey of birds in Lincoln Park, – the largest park in Chicago, IL – and summarized their data in an urban birding field guide, 'Wild Birds in City Parks'. Twenty-nine years later, William Dreuth compared the relative frequency of species between the Walter's study to their own 5-year Lincoln Park survey. Between 2012 and 2015, we replicated these surveys to investigate a century of bird diversity and community composition change in urban Chicago. While species richness did not change, community composition did. We found that 1) species with a greater diet breadth and 2) species that increased in statewide occupancy were more likely to increase in frequency over time. We conclude that factors at multiple scales brought temporal changes to Chicago's bird community. Overall, this survey highlights the slow and subtle ways in which species may respond to a century of urban intensification.</p>
Supporting data for: Decadal trend of plankton community change and habitat shoaling in the Arctic gateway recorded by planktonic foraminifera
<p><strong>Table S1: </strong>Metadata of the samples included in the study complete with the relative source of CTD and foraminifera census data.</p> <p><strong>Table S2</strong>: Environmental and biological data used for the analyses in the study. Abbreviations: dh= depth habitat, sst= sea surface temperature, aw = Atlantic water layer.</p>
Data for: Plant-soil biota interactions explain shifts in plant community composition under global change
<p>1. Plant-soil biota interactions play a crucial role in the assembly of plant communities and the maintenance of plant species diversity. However, few studies have tested how the effect of soil biota on plant species and communities depend on environmental context and whether shifts in plant community composition caused by environmental change are associated with variation in plant-soil biota interactions. 2. We combined a field experiment in a Tibetan alpine meadow and a greenhouse experiment with factorial combinations of nitrogen (N) enrichment and warming to examine the role of plant-soil biota interactions in plant community dynamics. 3. The results showed that plant relative abundances were negatively correlated with the net effects of soil biota on plant growth but only under ambient field conditions. Warming and N-enrichment alleviated the negative soil biota effects in the greenhouse, and changed plant community composition and reduced species diversity in the field. Importantly, changes in soil biota effects on plant growth were positively correlated with changes in plant relative abundances caused by warming and N-enrichment in field. In a parallel field experiment, the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi increased while the diversity of fungal pathogens remained unchanged under warming and N-enrichment, indicating that soil biodiversity may play a critical role in plant responses to environmental change. 4. This study empirically demonstrates that altered plant-soil biota interactions explain shifts in plant community composition under global change, providing new insights into the mechanisms of diversity loss in a changing world.</p>
Introduced annuals mediate climate-driven community change in Mediterranean prairies of the Pacific Northwest, USA
<p><b>Aim:</b> How climate change will alter plant functional group composition is a critical question given the well-recognized effects of plant functional groups on ecosystem services. While climate can have direct effects on different functional groups, indirect effects mediated through changes in biotic interactions have the potential to amplify or counteract direct climatic effects. As a result, identifying the underlying causes for climate effects on plant communities is important to conservation and restoration initiatives.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Western Pacific Northwest (Oregon and Washington), USA.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> Utilizing a three year experiment in three prairie sites across a 520 km latitudinal climate gradient, we manipulated temperature and precipitation and recorded plant cover each spring. We used structural equation models to examine how abiotic drivers (i.e., temperature, moisture, and soil nitrogen) controlled functional group cover, and how these groups in turn determined overall plant diversity.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Warming increased the cover of introduced annual species, causing subsequent declines in other functional groups and diversity. While we found direct effects of temperature and moisture on extant vegetation (i.e., native annuals, native perennials, and introduced perennials), these effects were typically amplified by introduced annuals. Competition for moisture and light or space, rather than nitrogen, were critical mechanisms of community change in this seasonally water-limited Mediterranean-climate system. Diversity declines were driven by reductions in native annual cover and increasing dominance by introduced annuals.</p> <p><b>Main Conclusions: </b>A shift toward increasing introduced annual dominance in this system may be akin to that previously experienced in California grasslands, resulting in the "Californication" of Pacific Northwest prairies. Such a phenomenon may challenge local land managers in their efforts to maintain species-rich and functionally diverse prairie ecosystems in the future.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.