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345 results for “cracking”
Tunneling cracks in arbitrary oriented off-axis lamina
<p>Abaqus models behind the results in the reference</p> <p>Mikkelsen, L.P., Klitgaard, S.J., Niordson, C.F., and Sørensen, B.F., Tunneling cracks in arbitrary oriented off-axis lamina. <em>Int. J. of Fracture, </em><strong>226</strong>, 161-179, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-020-00485-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-020-00485-9</a>, 2020.</p> <p>to which a reference should be given.</p> <p>The Abaqus models is saved as cae and corresponding jnl files. Here, Dxx indicate the layup angle, J is the J-integral model wile KJ is the model used both for J and stress intensity factor determination where there are added a thin layer between the crack and the neighboring 0-degree ply. The Umodel is the model used for the energy balance method. The ModelA is the half-width crack, ModelB is full-width crack for large angles and ModelC is full-width crack for small angles</p> <p>The PreProc...py file is for pre-processing of the Abaqus model, here for changing the angle of the ply and the crack</p> <p>The PostProc...py files is for post-processing of data from the Abaqus model saved as an odb-file. The Post-processing is for the analysis type indicated by the ModelA, B and/or C. The 61 or 93 indicate two different version with less or more elements through the thickness (number of nodes in the thickness direction). </p> <p>The Plot...py and Matlab files is for plotting some of the graph shown in the paper based on the output-files coming from the PostProc...py scripts. </p> <p>The ClassicLaminate zipped folder have the Matlab files for the Classical laminate theory. </p> <p>The Fig...zipped folders are the Matlab / Python files and the output rpt files required for making the plots shown in the paper.</p>
Data from: Combination of polyethylene glycol impregnation and paraffin heat treatment to protect round bamboo from cracking
Round bamboo has drawn more and more attentions in architecture, decoration and recreational products. Splitting brings some safety problems, which shorten the service life of Round bamboo. In this paper, three schemes were adopted as follows to solve the problem: Round bamboo was impregnated in PEG-1000 solution alone, heat-treatment in paraffin alone, or treated with the combination of PEG impregnation and paraffin heat treatment (PEG-PH). The treated bamboo was exposed outdoor for 26 weeks to evaluate the development of cracks. Results showed as follows: The initial split of PEG-PH treated bamboo appeared after 22 weeks, while that of the controls after 2weeks, respectively. the total length of cracks were 2271.31 mm and 873.5 mm for the control and PEG-PH treated bamboo. To reveal the reasons for reduced cracks, scanning electron micrograph (SEM) were employed to observe the microstructure of bamboo, besides, hydrophobicity of bamboo was characterized by water contact angle (WCA). PEG can swell the cell wall and the better hydrophobicity of round bamboo could be achieved after PEG-PH treatment. Therefore, the combination of PEG immersion and paraffin heating is an effective and practicable method in bamboo treatment, especially for round bamboo with high moisture content.
Data from: The interaction of fatigue cracks with a residual stress field using thermoelastic stress analysis and synchrotron x-ray diffraction experiments
This article presents an experimental study on the fatigue behaviour of cracks emanating from cold-expanded holes utilising thermoelastic stress analysis (TSA) and synchrotron x-ray diffraction (SXRD) techniques with the aim of resolving the long-standing ambiguity in the literature regarding potential relaxation, or modification, of beneficial compressive residual stresses as a result of fatigue crack propagation. The crack growth rates are found to be substantially lower as the crack tip moved through the residual stress zone induced by cold expansion. The TSA results demonstrated that the crack tip plastic zones were reduced in size by the presence of the residual compressive stresses induced by cold expansion. The crack tip plastic zones were found to be insignificant in size in comparison to the residual stress zone resulting from cold expansion, which implied that they were unlikely to have had a notable impact on the surrounding residual stresses induced by cold expansion. The residual stress distributions measured along the direction of crack growth, using SXRD, showed no signs of any significant stress relaxation or redistribution, which validates the conclusions drawn from the TSA data. Fractographic analysis qualitatively confirmed the influence on crack initiation of the residual stresses induced by the cold expansion. It was found that the application of single compressive overload caused a relaxation, or reduction in the residual stresses, which has wider implications for improving the fatigue life.
Efficient, Low-cost Bridge Cracking Detection and Quantification Using Deep-learning and UAV Images
<p>Many bridges in the State of Louisiana and the United States are working under serious degradation conditions where cracks on bridges threaten structural integrity and public security. To ensure structural integrity and public security, it is required that bridges in the US be inspected and rated every two years. Currently, this biannual assessment is largely implemented using manual visual inspection methods, which is slow and costly. In addition, it is challenging for workers to detect cracks in regions that are hard to reach, e.g., the top part of the bridge tower, cables, mid-span of the bridge girders, and decks. This research develops an efficient low-cost deep learning-based methodology to identify cracks on bridges using computer vision-based techniques and deep learning. The Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) deep learning method is used to identify cracks from images. In this research, a programmable drone is developed that can fly along a pre-defined trajectory. A large volume of images was collected from local bridges and pavements using drones. The collected images were preprocessed and divided into around forty thousand 256 by 256-pixel sub-images and fed into the CNN model. Data augmentation techniques are applied to increase the number of images in some cases. Parameters of the selected CNN model were optimized to obtain the best configuration. To evaluate the performance of the method, images from a different local bridge were used for testing. Research results show that with the optimized CNN model, cracks in the images can be identified efficiently and accurately. The developed methodology can also category the cracked image as slight, moderate, or severe cracking based on a pre-defined quantification index. The research outcome of this project has the potential to automate crack damage identification of bridge key components in a cost-effective manner. Also, the developed methodology is expected to facilitate crack damage identification for other transportation infrastructures, e.g., pavement and traffic sign structures.</p>
Soil Desiccation Crack Recognition: New Paradigm and Field Application
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MAP 17 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
MAP 17. Distribution of Group III, the Uduba valiha MAP 18. Distribution of Group IV, the Uduba rinha group: Uduba hiragasy, U. fisheri and U. valiha. group: Uduba rinha and U. irwini.
MAP 7 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
MAP 7. Distributions of Uduba evanescens (Dahl, 1901) MAP 8. Distributions of Uduba woodae, Uduba lavitra and Uduba lehibekokoa. and Uduba milamina.
MAP 1 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
MAP 1. Distributions of Uduba jayjay, Uduba ibonia MAP 2. Distributions of Uduba salegy, Uduba platnicki, and Uduba hainteny. Uduba halabe, Uduba funerea Simon 1906 and Uduba dahli (Simon 1903).
FIGURE 81 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 81. Uduba spp., ♀ genitalia. A, D. U. fisheri, new species, CASENT9026388 from Anjozorobe. B, E. U. rinha, new species, CASENT9006108 from R.S. Manongarivo. C, F. U. ibonia, new species, CASENT9006033, from Talatakely, Ranomafana National Park. A–C. Epigynum, ventral. D–F. Vulva, dorsal. BS, base of spermatheca of vulva; CD, copulatory ducts of vulva; CO, copulatory openings of epigynum; EF, epigastric furrow of abdomen; FD, fertilization duct of vulva; LL, lateral lobe of epigynum; ML, median lobe of epigynum. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 76. Uduba spp., female genitalia drawings. A, B. U in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 76. Uduba spp., female genitalia drawings. A, B. U. barbarae, new species, paratype (CASENT9006064) from Lokobe Forest on the island of Nosy Be. C, F, I. U. milamina, new species. C. Holotype (CASENT9010797) from a malaise canopy trap at the Ranomafana-Radio Tower. F, I. Paratype (CASENT9006100) from Andringitra Reserve. D, E. U. kavanaughi, new species, paratype (CASENT9003517) from Talatakely, Parc National Ranomafana. G, H. U. platnicki, new species, paratype (CASENT9030253) from Mikira Forest. A, C, D. H, I. Epigynum, ventral. B, E, F, G. Vulva, dorsal. Illustrations A, B by Jenny Speckels, C–I by Charles Griswold. At, atrium of epigynum; AtSp, atrial side plate of epigynum; EF, epigastric furrow; LL, lateral lobe of epigynum; ML, median lobe of epigynum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 72. Uduba spp., female genitalia drawings. A, B. U in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 72. Uduba spp., female genitalia drawings. A, B. U. heliani, new species, holotype (CASENT9006106) from Forêt Classée Andriantantely. C, D. U. hiragasy new species, paratype (CASENT9064772) from Tsinjoarivo Forest. E. F. U. fisheri, new species, (CASENT9065339) from 2 km W Andrambovato along River Tatamaly. G, H. U. valiha, new species, paratype (CASENT9006071) from Massif Andringitra. A, C, E, G. Epigynum, ventral. B, D, F, H. Vulva, dorsal. Illustrations by Charles Griswold. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 68 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 68. Uduba madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863), Tananarive, December 1946, J. Millot, MNHN, Paris, female genitalia drawings. A. Epigynum, ventral. B–D. Vulva, cleared. B. Anterodorsal. C. Posterodorsal. D. Dorsolateral. Illustrations by Charles Griswold. BS, spermathecal base; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; EF, epigastric furrow; FD, fertilization duct; HS, spermathecal head; LL, lateral lobe of epigynum; ML, median lobe of epigynum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 62 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 62. Uduba schlingeri, new species, CASENT9006059 from Andohahela, right male palpus, SEM. A. Tibia and tarsus, retrolateral. B. Tibia and tarsus, ventral. C. Tibia and tarsus, ventrolateral. D. Bulb, apical. E. Bulb, proventral. MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis on male palp; TA1, proapical apophysis of the tegulum; TA2, proapical apophysis of the tegulum; TA3, retroapical apophysis of the tegulum; UTA, basal tibial apophysis on male palp; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis on male palp. Scale bars: A–C = 1500 µm, D = 600 µm, E = 1000 µm.
FIGURE 83 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 83. Uduba schlingeri, new species, CASENT9006075 from Vatoharanana, Ranomafana National Park, ♀ genitalia, SEM images. A. Vulva and book lungs, dorsal. B. Vulva, dorsal. C. Right side of vulva, dorsal, inset shows HS. D. Right side of vulva, dorsal, inset shows texture of spermatheca. E. Right side of vulva, dorsal, close-up of pores of HS. Scale bars: A = 500 µm, B = 100 µm, C = 430 µm, D, = 300 µm, E = 50 µm.
FIGURE 50 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 50. Uduba lehibekokoa, new species, Holotype (CASENT9017929) from Parc National de Namoroka, left male palpus. A. Prolateral. B. Ventral. C. Retrolateral. Illustrations by Daniele Polotow. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
FIGURE 51 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 51. Uduba madagascariensis (Vinson, 1863), (CASENT9006026) from Ambohimanga, left male palpus. A. Prolateral. B. Ventral. C. Retrolateral. Illustrations by Jenny Speckels. C, conductor; Eb, embolic base; MA, median apophysis; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis on male palp; TA1, proapical apophysis of the tegulum; TA2, proapical apophysis of the tegulum; TA3, retroapical apophysis of the tegulum; UTA, basal tibial apophysis on male palp; VTA, ventral tibial apophysis on male palp. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 44 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 44. Uduba hiragasy, new species, paratype (CASENT9065698) from Tsinjoarivo Forest, left male palpus. A. Prolateral. B. Ventral. C. Retrolateral. Illustrations by Charles Griswold. Arrow to tegular ridge. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 79. Uduba spp., female genitalia drawings. A, B. U in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 79. Uduba spp., female genitalia drawings. A, B. U. woodae, new species, (CASENT9000536) Forêt de Beroboka. C–E. Uduba funerea Simon 1906, holotype. B, D. Epigynum, ventral. A, C. Vulva, dorsal. E. Vulva, anterodorsal. Illustrations by Charles Griswold. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 82 in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 82. Uduba spp., ♀ genitalia, SEM images. A, B. U. platnicki, new species, CASENT9030253, from Mikira Forest. A. Vulva, dorsal. B. Spermathecal texture, close-up. C–F. U. fisheri, new species, CASENT9026389 from Anjozorobe. C. Vulva, dorsal. D. Vulva, anterior. E. Spermathecal texture, close-up. F. Epigynum, ventral. Scale bars: A = 100 µm, B, D, E = 10 µm, C, F = 30 µm.
FIGURE 74. Uduba spp., female genitalia drawings. A, B. U in A Revision of the Malagasy Crack-Leg Spiders of the Genus Uduba Simon, 1880 (Araneae, Udubidae), with Description of 35 New Species from Madagascar
FIGURE 74. Uduba spp., female genitalia drawings. A, B. U. salegy, new species, paratype (CASENT9006045) Parc National Montagne d'Ambre. C, F. U. halabe, new species, paratype (CASENT9006015) Réserve Naturelle Intégrale d'Andohahela. D, E. U. balsama, new species, paratype (CASENT9013532) from Forêt de Kirindy. A, C, D. Epigynum, ventral. B, E, F. Vulva, dorsal. Illustrations A–C, F by Jenny Speckels, D, E by Charles Griswold. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
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