Find research datasets worth reusing

Figure 11 in The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia

Figure 11. Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky, 1921). A, PIN 104B/2032, disarticulated partial skull: right palatine in ventral view; left vomer in dorsal view; left lower jaw in internal view. B, PIN 104B/2008, partially disarticulated skull in dorsal view (right maxilla in internal view).

Figure 3 in The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia

Figure 3. Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky, 1921). Reconstructions of skull in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views. D, schematic drawing of transverse section of palatal ramus of pterygoid at level a in (C).

Figure 14. Phylogenetic analysis. A, B in The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia

Figure 14. Phylogenetic analysis. A, B, two equally parsimonious trees recovered by PAUP* 4.0b10 from a heuristic search of 35 taxa and 155 characters. C, bootstrap percentages on a 50% majority-rule consensus tree.

Figure 13 in The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia

Figure 13. Comparisons of skulls of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky, 1921) with similar sized skulls of Discosauriscus austriacus. Outline drawing of skulls in dorsal, lateral, and ventral views: A–C, Karpinskiosaurus secundus, based on PIN 4617/200 and PIN 4617/158. D–F, Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876), based on SNM Z 15529. G–I, Karpinskiosaurus secundus, based on PIN 2005/81 and PIN 2005/82. J–L, Discosauriscus austriacus (Makowsky, 1876), based on SNM Z 25744 and SNM Z 15568.

Figure 7 in The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia

Figure 7. Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky, 1921), SGU 104B/323. Right maxilla in external (A) and internal (B) views. C, reconstruction of maxilla tooth in mesiolingual view (on basis of SGU 104B/323).

Figure 6 in The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia

Figure 6. Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky, 1921), PIN 4617/158. A, photograph of palatine through right orbit in dorsal view. B, outline of palatine of the same specimen in dorsal view.

Figure 2 in The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia

Figure 2. Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky, 1921), PIN 2005/82. Photographs of skull in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. Partial lower jaw in external (C) and internal (D) views (anterior and posterior portions are missing).

Figure 10 in The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia

Figure 10. Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky, 1921), PIN 4617/188. Photographs of disarticulated specimen. A, maxilla and lacrimal in internal views, premaxillae in external view. B, squamosal in internal view. C, quadratojugal in external view. D, prearticular in internal view.

Figure 9 in The cranial anatomy, ontogeny, and relationships of Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky) (Seymouriamorpha, Karpinskiosauridae) from the Upper Permian of European Russia

Figure 9. Karpinskiosaurus secundus (Amalitzky, 1921). Reconstructions of skull in dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views. Left lower jaw in external (D) and right lower jaw in internal (E) views.

Figure 17 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 17. Results of a cladistic analysis based on 240 morphological characters (68 postcranial, 45 cranial, and 127 dental) for 33 in-group taxa (Appendices 2 and 3), with Ukhaatherium nessovi acting as the out-group. A heuristic search with 10 000 replicates in PAUP 4.0b10 (Swofford, 2002) produced three most parsimonious trees: length = 1151 steps; consistency index, CI = 0.33; retention index, RI = 0.52 (calculated in PAUP 4.0b10). Pictured here is the strict consensus tree. Bremer support (decay) indices (Bremer, 1988) calculated in TreeRot 2 (Sorenson, 1999) are provided below for each node in brackets. Based on unambiguous optimizations (i.e. supported under both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN) in MacClade 4.0 (Maddison & Maddison, 2000), the following are synapomorphies supporting the labelled nodes: 0(ingroup), 8(1), 30(0), 54(0), 67(1), 78(0), 83(0), 87(0), 109(1), 113(1), 140(1), 141(1), 200(0); 1[1], 37(1), 42(0), 84(1), 97(1), 103(1), 108(2), 112(1), 187(0); 2[Paleoryctidae(4)], 72(0), 132(0), 161(1), 189(0), 194(1), 217(2), 230(1); 3[Lepctitida(1)], 146(2), 166(1), 201(1), 205(0); 4[Laurasiatheria(1)], 1(2), 27(1), 77(1), 149(1), 165(2), 175(1), 203(1), 212(0), 222(2); 5[Carnivora(3)], 19(1), 62(1), 91(1), 99(0), 137(1), 154(0); 6[1], 126(0), 128(1), 132(0), 202(1); 7[Eulipotyphla(4)], 6(1), 17(1), 26(0), 38(2), 50(0), 75(0), 90(0), 123(1), 152(1), 170(1), 173(1), 218(1); 8[Soricomorpha sensu lato(1)], 10(1), 25(1), 31(1), 44(1), 72(0), 73(1), 77(0), 78(1), 126(0), 128(1), 130(0), 132 (0), 196(2), 199(3); 9[Soricidae(13)], 5(1), 7(0), 8 (0), 70(0), 81(1), 110(1), 115(1), 116(1), 122(1), 127(1), 155(1), 160(2), 173(0), 180(1), 181(2), 186(1), 189(2), 190(1), 192(1), 193(1), 198(0), 200(1), 208(0), 221(2), 222(0); 10[Erinaceomorpha(11)], 3(0), 9(2), 14(1), 85(1), 87(1), 135(1), 139(1), 157(1), 158(1), 159(1), 160(1), 169(1), 206(2), 208(1), 213(1); 11[3], 8(0), 13(2), 67(2), 69(1), 76(1), 120(1), 127(0), 142(1), 190(1), 193(1), 196(1), 227(2); 12[Euarchontoglires(1)], 25(1), 98(2), 119(2), 233(1); 13[1], 48(0), 49(1), 74(1), 75(0), 121(2), 170(1), 191(2), 192(2); 14[Apatemyidae(7)], 93(1), 113(0), 165(1), 166(1), 186(2), 195(1), 196(1), 198(0), 199(3), 200(1), 209(1), 210(1), 230(1); 15[2], 21(2), 31(1), 71(1), 77(0), 79(1), 80(0), 85(1), 89(0), 98(0), 103(1), 115(1), 123(1), 124(1), 125(3), 138(0), 153(1), 159(1), 176(1), 206(1), 214(1), 223(1), 235(3); 16[1], 109(2), 145(0), 164(1), 196(2), 226(1), 228(1); 17[1], 70(1), 134(1), 135(1); 18[2], 69(2), 136(1), 168(1), 173(1), 178(1), 179(1), 227(1), 232(1), 234(1), 238(1); 19[Euarchonta(1)], 11(1), 16(1), 95(1), 106(1), 130(0), 145(0); 20[Sundatheria(1)], 19(1), 58(1), 76(1), 142(1), 160(2), 189(0), 201(1), 212(0), 221(1), 235(3); 21[Scandentia(4)], 39(1), 52(1), 66(2), 72(2), 97(1), 98(0), 149(1), 150(1), 153(1), 170(1), 175(1), 194(1), 204(1), 218(1); 22[Primates(1)], 115(1), 116(2), 156(0), 205(1), 226(1), 228(1), 232(1); 23[1], 22(1), 78(1), 79(1), 166(1), 179(1), 190(1), 206(1); 24[1], 128(1), 189(2), 192(1), 220(1), 221(1), 229(3); 25[1], 9(1), 27(1), 73(0), 116(3), 135(1), 138(0), 171(2), 176(0), 218(1), 227(1), 228(2), 231(2); 26[Euprimateformes(5)], 16(0), 21(2), 56(1), 60(1), 75(0), 97(1), 101(1), 159(1), 168(1), 209(1), 212(0), 214(1), 215(1); 27[Plesiadapoidea(2)], 126(1), 129(1), 131(1), 144(0), 146(1); 188(1), 194(1), 202(2), 204(1); 28[Euprimates(7)], 147(0), 149(1), 166(0), 171(1), 173(2), 185(1), 187(0), 193(0), 232(0); 29[1], 30(2), 32(1), 52(1), 54(1), 69(2), 72(2), 79(0), 105(1), 218(0), 227(0).

Figure 16 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 16. Lateral view of USNM 530208. The arrow indicates the fronto-maxillary suture, near the base of the orbit. Its position indicates that the maxilla was not expanded into the orbit, unlike the condition of eulipotyphlans. Its position also indicates that the palatine is not expanded into the orbit. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figure 13 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 13. Dorsal view of USNM 530221: (A) labelled; (B) unlabelled. Although the front of the specimen is embedded in epoxy, the nasal–frontal suture can be traced on the right side at its caudal extent; this is indicated with the dotted line. The fronto-lacrimal, persistent metopic, and fronto-parietal sutures are also indicated. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 12 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 12. Fragment of the right petrosal of UM 41869 in ventral view: (A) labelled; (B) unlabelled. The dashed lines indicate the courses of the internal carotid stem, stapedial artery, and promontorial artery, running along grooves visible on the promontorium. There is no evidence for bony canals for these vessels. See Table 1 for abbreviations. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 7 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 7. Ventral view of the rostral portion of USNM 530208: (A) labelled; (B) unlabelled. There is some damage to the premaxillary–maxillary suture on the palate, which is why it has not been traced onto the ventral surface of the specimen. The left side of this specimen has been pushed towards the right side, and the fragment of palatine (pa) has been pushed somewhat rostrally onto the maxilla, so that other sutures are not clearly visible in this view. Dental homologies follow Gingerich & Rose (1982), and are based on patterns of occlusion. See Table 1 for abbreviations. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 14 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 14. Dorsal view of the caudal portion of USNM 530208. The dashed lines indicate the sutures between the occipital and the parietals and the squamosal and parietal. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figure 6 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 6. The auditory region of USNM 530221: (A) ventrolateral view of left ear; (B) ventral view of right ear and adjacent structures. In (B) the fine splint of bone of the anterior crus of the ectotympanic is outlined. See Table 1 for abbreviations. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figure 3 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 3. Photographs of Labidolemur kayi, USNM 530208. Cranium in (A) rostral, (B) caudal, (C) ventral, (D) dorsal, (E) left, and (F) right. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Figure 5 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 5. Ventral view of the left auditory region of USNM 530221: (A) labelled; (B) unlabelled. See Table 1 for abbreviations. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 11. Ultra high resolution X in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 11. Ultra high resolution X-ray computed tomography (uhrCT) slices of USNM 530208. See caption for Figure 8. (A) slice no. 210; the solid arrow indicates the postglenoid foramen; the dashed arrow indicates the subsquamosal foramen. (B) slice no. 194; the white arrow indicates the opening of the postglenoid foramen into the lateral neurocranium. (C) slice no. 187; the white arrow indicates the canal for the greater petrosal nerve running through the petrosal. (D) slice no. 72; the white arrow indicates the posterior semicircular canal. Note also the extensive pneumatization of the petrosal (in the mastoid region) and exoccipital.

Figure 4 in Cranial anatomy of Paleocene and Eocene Labidolemur kayi (Mammalia: Apatotheria), and the relationships of the Apatemyidae to other mammals

Figure 4. Right auditory region of USNM 530208. The specimen was tilted laterally from a strictly ventral view to facilitate viewing the medial portion of the tympanic cavity: (A) labelled; (B) unlabelled. In (A) the dotted portions of the paths for the alisphenoid canal and route for the ramus inferior of the stapedial artery (ri) indicate passage through a bony canal. There are grooves rather than bony canals for the branches of the internal carotid artery as they cross the promontorium (i.e., prc, icc, and stc). See Table 1 for abbreviations. Scale bar: 1 mm.