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Figure 12 from: Wang HM, Wang Z, Liu F, Wu CX, Zhang SF, Kong XB, Decock C, Lu Q, Zhang Z (2019) Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species. MycoKeys 50: 93-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.50.32653

Figure 12 Morphological characters of LeptographiumyunnanenseA, B upper and reverse of cultures on 2% MEA 8 d after inoculation D, I conidiophore on 2% MEA C, E–H conidiogenous cells of Leptographium-like asexual state and conidia. Scale bars: 50 μm (D, I); 10 μm (C, E–H).

Figure 11 from: Wang HM, Wang Z, Liu F, Wu CX, Zhang SF, Kong XB, Decock C, Lu Q, Zhang Z (2019) Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species. MycoKeys 50: 93-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.50.32653

Figure 11 Morphological characters of Graphilbumanningense sp. n. A, B Upper and reverse of cultures on 2% MEA 8 d after inoculation C, D, G conidiogenous cells of Pesotum-like macronematal asexual state and conidia E, F, H conidiogenous cells of Hyalorhinocladiella-like asexual state and conidia. Scale bars: 50 μm (C); 20 μm (D); 10 μm (E–H).

Figure 1 from: Wang HM, Wang Z, Liu F, Wu CX, Zhang SF, Kong XB, Decock C, Lu Q, Zhang Z (2019) Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species. MycoKeys 50: 93-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.50.32653

Figure 1 A Map showing the 11 species of ophiostomatoid fungi detected from Yunnan Province, China B, D disease symptoms on Pinusyunnanensis and P.kesiya trees infested by Tomicus spp. (T.yunnanensis, T.minor and T.brevipilosus) and ophiostomatoid fungi C, G, H exposed branches of Tomicus spp. on P.yunnanensis and P.kesiya E, F, I–K galleries of Tomicus spp. on P.yunnanensis and P.kesiya.

Figure 10 from: Wang HM, Wang Z, Liu F, Wu CX, Zhang SF, Kong XB, Decock C, Lu Q, Zhang Z (2019) Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species. MycoKeys 50: 93-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.50.32653

Figure 10 A–H Morphological characters of EsteyavermicolaA, B upper and reverse of cultures on 2% MEA 20 d after inoculation C–H conidiogenous cells with lunate conidia I–M the cuticle of a nematode attached by many lunate conidia. Scale bars: 20 μm (I, K, L); 10 μm (C–H, J, M).

Figure 4 from: Wang HM, Wang Z, Liu F, Wu CX, Zhang SF, Kong XB, Decock C, Lu Q, Zhang Z (2019) Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species. MycoKeys 50: 93-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.50.32653

Figure 4 Phylograms obtained from ML analysis of ITS sequences A and β-tubulin sequences B of Graphilbum showing fungal associates with pines infected by Tomicusyunnanensis and T.minor in Yunnan Province, China. Novel sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Bootstrap values ≥ 70% for ML and MP are indicated above branches. Bootstrap values < 70% are indicated by the symbol *. Strains representing ex-type sequences are marked with 'T'; ML, maximum likelihood; MP, maximum parsimony and the final alignment of 515 (A), 481 (B) positions, including gaps.

Figure 8 from: Wang HM, Wang Z, Liu F, Wu CX, Zhang SF, Kong XB, Decock C, Lu Q, Zhang Z (2019) Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species. MycoKeys 50: 93-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.50.32653

Figure 8 Phylograms obtained from ML analysis of ITS sequences of Sporothrix, showing fungal associates with pines infected by Tomicusyunnanensis, T.minor and T.brevipilosus in Yunnan Province, China. Novel sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Bootstrap values ≥ 70% for ML and MP are indicated above branches. Bootstrap values < 70% are indicated by the symbol *. Strains representing ex-type sequences are marked with 'T'; ML, maximum likelihood; MP, maximum parsimony and the final alignment of 546 positions, including gaps.

Figure 16 from: Wang HM, Wang Z, Liu F, Wu CX, Zhang SF, Kong XB, Decock C, Lu Q, Zhang Z (2019) Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species. MycoKeys 50: 93-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.50.32653

Figure 16 Morphological characters of Sporothrixpseudoabietina sp. n. A, B upper and reverse of cultures on 2% MEA 20 d after inoculation C, D ostiolar hyphae present E, F perithecium G ascospores of sexual state H–I conidiogenous cells of Sporothrix-like asexual state and conidia. Scale bars: 20 μm (C, D); 50 μm (E, F); 10 μm (G–I).

Figure 2 from: Wang HM, Wang Z, Liu F, Wu CX, Zhang SF, Kong XB, Decock C, Lu Q, Zhang Z (2019) Differential patterns of ophiostomatoid fungal communities associated with three sympatric Tomicus species infesting pines in south-western China, with a description of four new species. MycoKeys 50: 93-133. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.50.32653

Figure 2 Phylograms obtained from ML analysis of LSU sequences, showing fungal associates with pines infected by Tomicusyunnanensis, T.minor and T.brevipilosus in Yunnan Province, China. Novel sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Bootstrap values ≥ 70% for ML and MP are indicated above branches. Bootstrap values < 70% are indicated by the symbol *. Strains representing ex-type sequences are marked with 'T'; ML, maximum likelihood; MP, maximum parsimony and the final alignment of 743 positions, including gaps.

openMar 2024View details →

Prescribed fire regimes influence responses of fungal and bacterial communities on new litter substrates in a brackish tidal marsh

Datasets including R code and .csv files of ESV data for fungal and bacterial communities in samples.

embargoedcc-by-4.0Nov 2024View details →

Landscape structure of bacterial and fungal community composition in the West Nile Virus vector, Culex tarsalis

Raw sequence data for fungi (ITS1 region)

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Host associations and beta diversity of fungal endophyte communities in New Guinea rainforest trees

Processes shaping the distribution of foliar fungal endophyte species remain poorly understood. Despite increasing evidence that these cryptic fungal symbionts of plants mediate interactions with pathogens and herbivores, there remain basic questions regarding the extent to which dispersal limitation and host specificity might shape fungal endophyte community composition in rainforests. To assess the relative importance of spatial pattern and host specificity, we isolated fungi from a sample of mapped trees in lowland Papua New Guinea. Sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region were obtained for 2,079 fungal endophytes from three sites and clustered into molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) at 95% similarity. Multivariate analyses suggest that host affinity plays a significant role in structuring endophyte community composition whereas there was no evidence of endophyte spatial pattern at the scale of tens to hundreds of meters. Differences in endophyte communities between sampled trees were weakly correlated with variation in foliar traits but not with tree species relatedness. The dominance of relatively few generalist endophytes and the presence of a large number of rare MOTUs was a consistent observation at three sites separated by hundreds of kilometers and regional turnover was low. Host specificity appears to play a relatively weak but more important role than dispersal limitation in shaping the distribution of fungal endophyte communities in New Guinea forests. Our results suggest that in the absence of strong ecological gradients and host turnover, beta diversity of endophyte communities could be low in large areas of contiguous forest.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Complementarity in both plant and mycorrhizal fungal communities are not necessarily increased by diversity in the other

1. Higher species diversity can improve community performance within a species guild when different species complement each other in their use of the available niche, such as through resource partitioning. However, species in one guild of organisms may act as resources for another such that the diversity in one guild alters the realized niche for species in another. Yet, it remains largely untested as to whether diversity in one guild of organisms influences species complementarity in another. 2. The productivity and diversity in plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal communities can be positively associated with each other through their typically mutualistic exchange of resources. Here we utilized these two interacting species guilds to determine whether greater diversity in one influences species complementarity in the other. This was done by creating monocultures and a mixture of a grass, forb, and legume in a full factorial design with monocultures and a mixture of four AM fungi. 3. The presence of AM fungi reduced differences in the performance among plant species and greater diversity of fungi generally improved plant productivity over the average of the fungal monocultures. However, plant species complementarity was not greatest with a higher diversity of fungi and was only positive with a particular fungal monoculture. 4. AM fungal abundance was not affected by plant diversity, but was greatly reduced in the grass monoculture compared to the other plant communities. Variation in fungal complementarity among plant communities was low overall and was little influenced by plant diversity. 5. Synthesis. Using a model plant-mycorrhizal system our results suggest that the composition rather than the diversity of species within one guild may be more influential in determining how species function within an associated species guild. However, our model system does not represent a broad gradient of diversity in either plant or fungal communities and only assesses the initial growth phase. Nonetheless our results highlight that changes in species compositions in one species guild can affect the functioning of species diversity in another.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Identification of habitat-specific biomes of aquatic fungal communities using a comprehensive nearly full-length 18S rRNA dataset enriched with contextual data

Molecular diversity surveys have demonstrated that aquatic fungi are highly diverse, and that they play fundamental ecological roles in aquatic systems. Unfortunately, comparative studies of aquatic fungal communities are few and far between, due to the scarcity of adequate datasets. We combined all publicly available fungal 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences with new sequence data from a marine fungi culture collection. We further enriched this dataset by adding validated contextual data. Specifically, we included data on the habitat type of the samples assigning fungal taxa to ten different habitat categories. This dataset has been created with the intention to serve as a valuable reference dataset for aquatic fungi including a phylogenetic reference tree. The combined data enabled us to infer fungal community patterns in aquatic systems. Pairwise habitat comparisons showed significant phylogenetic differences, indicating that habitat strongly affects fungal community structure. Fungal taxonomic composition differed considerably even on phylum and class level. Freshwater fungal assemblage was most different from all other habitat types and was dominated by basal fungal lineages. For most communities, phylogenetic signals indicated clustering of sequences suggesting that environmental factors were the main drivers of fungal community structure, rather than species competition. Thus, the diversification process of aquatic fungi must be highly clade specific in some cases.The combined data enabled us to infer fungal community patterns in aquatic systems. Pairwise habitat comparisons showed significant phylogenetic differences, indicating that habitat strongly affects fungal community structure. Fungal taxonomic composition differed considerably even on phylum and class level. Freshwater fungal assemblage was most different from all other habitat types and was dominated by basal fungal lineages. For most communities, phylogenetic signals indicated clustering of sequences suggesting that environmental factors were the main drivers of fungal community structure, rather than species competition. Thus, the diversification process of aquatic fungi must be highly clade specific in some cases.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition and declining diversity along a 2-million-year soil chronosequence

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities covary with host plant communities along soil fertility gradients, yet it is unclear whether this reflects changes in host composition, fungal edaphic specialization or priority effects during fungal community establishment. We grew two co-occurring ECM plant species (to control for host identity) in soils collected along a 2-million-year chronosequence representing a strong soil fertility gradient and used soil manipulations to disentangle the effects of edaphic properties from those due to fungal inoculum. Ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition changed and richness declined with increasing soil age; these changes were linked to pedogenesis-driven shifts in edaphic properties, particularly pH and resin-exchangeable and organic phosphorus. However, when differences in inoculum potential or soil abiotic properties among soil ages were removed while host identity was held constant, differences in ECM fungal communities and richness among chronosequence stages disappeared. Our results show that ECM fungal communities strongly vary during long-term ecosystem development, even within the same hosts. However, these changes could not be attributed to short-term fungal edaphic specialization or differences in fungal inoculum (i.e. density and composition) alone. Rather, they must reflect longer-term ecosystem-level feedback between soil, vegetation and ECM fungi during pedogenesis.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Drought influences fungal community dynamics in the grapevine rhizosphere and root microbiome

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opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Expanding forests in alpine regions lead to a corresponding shift in belowground fungal communities

Climate change causes upward shift of forest lines worldwide, with consequences on soil biota and carbon sequestration (C). We here analyse compositional changes in the soil biota across the forest line ecotone, an important transition zone between different ecosystems. We collected soil samples along transects stretching from subalpine mountain birch forests to low-alpine vegetation. Soil fungi and micro-eukaryotes were surveyed using DNA metabarcoding of the 18S and ITS2 markers, while ergosterol was used to quantify fungal biomass. We observed a strong shift in the soil biota across the forest line ecotone: Below the forest line, there were higher proportions of basidiomycetes and mucoromycetes, including ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi. Above, we observed relatively more root-associated ascomycetes, including Archaeorhizomycetes, ericoid mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes. Ergosterol and percentage C content in soil strongly and positively correlated with the abundance of root-associated ascomycetes. The predominance of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi below the forest line likely promote high C turnover, while root-associated ascomycetes above the forest line may enhance C sequestration. With further rise in forest lines, there will be a corresponding shift in the belowground biota, likely leading to enhanced release of soil C.

Figure 2 from: Wurzbacher C, Warthmann N, Bourne EC, Attermeyer K, Allgaier M, Powell JR, Detering H, Mbedi S, Grossart H-P, Monaghan MT (2016) High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany). MycoKeys 16: 17-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.16.9646

Figure 2 - Classification of fungal OTUs by the RDP classifier to the different taxonomic levels as a percentage. Classification cutoff was a confidence level of 0.8.

Figure 5 from: Wurzbacher C, Warthmann N, Bourne EC, Attermeyer K, Allgaier M, Powell JR, Detering H, Mbedi S, Grossart H-P, Monaghan MT (2016) High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany). MycoKeys 16: 17-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.16.9646

Figure 5 - Distribution of fungal orders in Lake Stechlin habitats based on the mean percentages as determined with SILVA NGS. Fungal phyla are highlighted with brackets. Habitat codes are taken from Table 1. (*) marks the false classified Neocallimastigales as clarified by phylogenetic inference (see discussion paragraph on sediments).

Figure 4 from: Wurzbacher C, Warthmann N, Bourne EC, Attermeyer K, Allgaier M, Powell JR, Detering H, Mbedi S, Grossart H-P, Monaghan MT (2016) High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany). MycoKeys 16: 17-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.16.9646

Figure 4 - Habitat specificity of the fungal community in Lake Stechlin. NMDS plots based on the fungal OTU matrix (1027 OTUs). Ordination is based on Cao distances (Cao et al. 1997), which are insensitive to differences in sampling effort. Ellipses are based on standard deviations around habitat centroids (based on a confidence level of 0.95) and are coloured according to their POM type: FPOM (blue), MIX (magenta), CPOM (brown). Habitat codes and POM categories are taken from Table 1.

Figure 1 from: Wurzbacher C, Warthmann N, Bourne EC, Attermeyer K, Allgaier M, Powell JR, Detering H, Mbedi S, Grossart H-P, Monaghan MT (2016) High habitat-specificity in fungal communities in oligo-mesotrophic, temperate Lake Stechlin (North-East Germany). MycoKeys 16: 17-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.16.9646

Figure 1 - Sampling sites in Lake Stechlin. Integrated water samples, above-sediment water, plankton (> 55 µm), and sediment were taken from pelagic locations. Surface water samples, reed plants (Phragmites australis), biofilm samples (from stone, wood and macrophytes) and benthic samples (detritus, macrozoobenthos) were taken from littoral locations.