Find research datasets worth reusing

FIG. 23 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication

FIG. 23. — Skulls of extant fossorial rodents and GT 50'06; Cryptomys hottentotus AZ 834: A, upper view; E, palatal view; I, left lateral view; Bathyergus suillus (Schreber, 1782) TM 39392: B, upper view; F, palatal view; J, left lateral view; Georychus capensis (Pallas, 1778) TM 38360: C, upper view; G, palatal view; K, left lateral view; Heliophobius argentocinereus Peters, 1846 TM 45931: D, upper view; H, palatal view; L, left lateral view; Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 GT 50'06: M, upper view; N, palatal view; O, left lateral view. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 11 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication

FIG. 11. — Lingual view of A, LT 200b'98; B, LT 50'19, specimens of Bathyergoides neotertiarius. Scale bar: 1 cm.

FIG. 12 in Skeleton of Early Miocene Bathyergoides neotertiarius Stromer, 1923 (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Namibia: behavioural implication

FIG. 12. — Humeri of GT 50'06: A-D, Right humerus; A, anterior view; B, lateral view; C, posterior view; D, medial view. E-H, Left humerus; E, anterior view; F, lateral view; G, posterior view; H, medial view. I-J, Proximal (I) and distal (J) view of the right humerus. K, proximal view of the left humerus. Scale bar: 1 cm.

Supplementary GIS data - Potential and implications of automated pre-processing of LiDAR-based digital elevation models for large-scale archaeological landscape analysis

A supplementary dataset related to the paper discussing preparation of a digital elevation model derived from DMR 5G (LiDAR-based DEM of the Czech Republic) cleaned of modern artificial features. It includes data used as a clipping mask and data produced during the testing phase. Contents: <ul> <li>..\clipping_buffers.gdb\ - Clipping buffers based on ZABAGED dataset used for masking the original data stored as ESRI geodatabase.</li> <li>..\drainages\ - Drainages with Strahler order higher than four (potential watercourses) for the original and filtered DEMs. <ul> <li>drainages_filtered - Drainges identified in the filtered DEM stored as GeoTIFF.</li> <li>drainages_original - Drainges identified in the original DEM stored as GeoTIFF. </li> </ul> </li> <li>..\LSC\ - Locations with significant land surface curvature for the original and filtered DEMs. <ul> <li>LSC_filtered - Significant LSC identified in the filtered DEM stored as GeoTIFF. </li> <li>LSC_original - Significant LSC identified in the original DEM stored as GeoTIFF. </li> </ul> </li> <li>..\visibility\ - Viewsheds computed over the original and filtered DEMs. <ul> <li>Libice\ - Sample viewsheds computed for the early medieval hillfort of Libice. <ul> <li>Libice_visibility_filtered - Viewshed based on the filtered DEM stored as GeoTIFF. </li> <li>Libice_visibility_original - Viewshed based on the original DEM stored as GeoTIFF. </li> <li>observer_points - Observer points used for calculating the viewsheds.</li> </ul> </li> <li>regular_grid\ - Cumulative viewsheds calculated for regularly spaced points in a 10 x 10 km grid with a visibility radius of 5 km and an observer height of 2 m; a total of 574 viewsheds. <ul> <li>visibility_filtered - Cumulative viewshed for the filtered DEM stored as GeoTIFF.</li> <li>visibility_original - Cumulative viewshed for the original DEM stored as GeoTIFF. </li> <li>visibility_test_buffers - Buffers used for the viewshed calculations stored as ESRI shapefile.</li> <li>visibility_test_observers - Observer points used for the viewshed calculations stored as ESRI shapefile.</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>   Preprint version of the related paper: Novák, David and Pružinec, Filip, Potential and Implications of Automated Pre-Processing of Lidar-Based Digital Elevation Models for Large-Scale Archaeological Landscape Analysis. Available at SSRN: <a href="https://ssrn.com/abstract=4063514">https://ssrn.com/abstract=4063514</a>

dryad40/100

The implications of incongruence between gene tree and species tree topologies for divergence time estimation

Phylogenetic analyses are increasingly being performed with datasets that incorporate hundreds of loci. Due to incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization, and horizontal gene transfer, the gene trees for these loci may often have topologies that differ from each other and from the species tree. The effect of these topological incongruences on divergence time estimation has not been fully investigated. Using a series of simulation experiments and empirical analyses, we demonstrate that when topological incongruence between gene trees and the species tree is not accounted for, the temporal duration of branches in regions of the species tree that are affected by incongruence is underestimated, whilst the duration of other branches is considerably overestimated. This effect becomes more pronounced with higher levels of topological incongruence. We show that this pattern results from erroneous estimation of the number of substitutions along branches in the species tree, although the effect is modulated by the assumptions inherent to divergence time estimation, such as those relating to the fossil record or among-branch-substitution-rate variation. By only analysing loci with gene trees that are topologically congruent with the species tree, or only taking into account the branches from each gene tree that are topologically congruent with species tree, we demonstrate that the effects of topological incongruence can be ameliorated. Nonetheless, even when topologically congruent gene trees or topologically congruent branches are selected, error in divergence time estimates remains. This stems from temporal incongruences between divergence times in species trees and divergence times in gene trees, and more importantly, the difficulty of incorporating necessary assumptions for divergence time estimation.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Tracking magma spine extrusion from space: Implications for conduit and topography complexity at Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka - Photogrammetric data repository

This is a dataset relevant for a paper on lava spine extrusion at Shieveluch volcano, Kamchatka. Data was used to show that the spine elongates along a previously identified fracture line and bends to a preferred northerly direction. By repeated morphology analysis and feature tracking, we constrain a spine diameter of ~300 m, extruding at a velocity of 1.7 m/day and discharge rate of 0.3-0.7 m³/s. Results are relevant for understanding the growth and collapse hazards of spines and provide unique insights into the hidden magma-conduit architecture. The data consists of three parts. First, we provide the filtered and corrected three dimensional point clouds generated from Pleiades tristereo data. These 3D point clouds were co-aligned and now allow analysing subtle changes. Point clouds are provided in .las format. Second, we provide the filtered and corrected digital elevation models generated from the point cloud data, these DEMs are provided in geotiff format. The name of the files indicates the dates of their acquisition. Third and lastly, we provide an orthomap stack used to estimate displacements by tracking offsets.

dryad40/100

Data from: Divergent physiological acclimation responses to warming between two co-occurring salamander species and implications for terrestrial survival

Small differences in physiological responses are known to influence demographic rates such as survival. We tested for differences in the physiological acclimation responses of two closely-related salamander species that often co-occur, Ambystoma maculatum and A. opacum. Specifically, we measured changes in critical thermal maxima (CTmax), standard metabolic rates (SMRs), and respiratory surface area water loss (RSAWL) following exposure to three temperature treatments under laboratory conditions. While the magnitude of RSAWL and CTmax acclimation responses to warming did not differ between the study species, SMR was maintained across acclimation temperatures among A. maculatum, but declined among A. opacum acclimated to warmer temperatures. Metabolic compensation may facilitate maintained A. maculatum activity levels during warm periods following the relatively cool spring breeding season. In contrast, metabolic suppression may allow A. opacum to conserve energy when exposed to surface conditions during fall breeding and nest guarding. We simulated how these different SMR responses would likely alter post-metamorphic survival in our study species using previously collected data representing six weeks under relatively warm seminatural conditions. Our simulation indicated that, following warming and under identical study conditions, metabolic compensation may allow juvenile A. maculatum to maintain survival likelihoods, whereas metabolic depression may cause juvenile A. opacum to experience increased survivorship. These findings underscore that comparable physiological responses among ecologically similar, sympatric species cannot be assumed. Further, results of this study suggest that metabolic responses may play an important role in amphibian species persistence as temperatures increase due to habitat modification and climate change.

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

Fig. 6 in Remarks On Correlations And Implications Of The Mandibular Structure And Diet In Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae)

Fig. 6. Subfamily Monachinae: left mandible of Lobodon carcinophagus (NMNH 28538) in labial view showing masseteric fossa (dashed outline).

Fig. 4 in Remarks On Correlations And Implications Of The Mandibular Structure And Diet In Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae)

Fig. 4. Subfamily Phocinae: А — mandible of Halichoerus grypus, left, NMNH 51488; in labial view showing masseteric fossa (dashed outline) and arrows indicating ridge for attachment of superficial masseter tendons; B — mandible of Phoca largha, right, reversed, NMNH 290654; in labial view showing width (w) and height (h) of the masseteric fossa and the small ridge on the coronoid process (black *) for attachment of the temporalis muscle.

Fig. 3 in Remarks On Correlations And Implications Of The Mandibular Structure And Diet In Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae)

Fig. 3. Subfamily Cystophorinae: left mandible of Cystophora cristata: A— °, NMNH 269130, reversed; B — ♀, NMNH 188956, in labial views.

Fig. 1 in Remarks On Correlations And Implications Of The Mandibular Structure And Diet In Some Seals (Mammalia, Phocidae)

Fig. 1. Right mandible of Recent Gray seal (Halichoerus grypus, NMNH 51488) in labial view with measured condyloid angle based on the inclination of the condyloid process to the alveolar line. The condyloid angle can be identified by the joining of a horizontal axis parallel to the base of the mandible, starting from the lower alveolar edge of the canine (as indicated by line a), vertical axis from the posterior edge of m1 to the base of the mandible (line b) and an oblique axis from the intersection of lines a and b to the tip of the condyloid process (line c).

opencc-zeroApr 2022View details →

dryad40/100

Spectral sensitivity transition in the compound eyes of a twilight-swarming mayfly and its visual ecological implications

Aquatic insect species that leave the water after larval development, such as mayflies, have to deal with extremely different visual environments in their different life stages. Measuring the spectral sensitivity of the compound eyes of the virgin mayfly (Ephoron virgo) resulted in differences between the sensitivity of adults and larvae. Larvae were primarily green-, while adults were mostly UV-sensitive. The sensitivity of adults and larvae were the same in the UV, but in the green spectral range, adults were 3.3 times less sensitive than larvae. Transmittance spectrum measurements of larval skins covering the eye showed that the removal of exuvium during emergence cannot explain the spectral sensitivity change of the eyes. Taking numerous sky spectra from the literature, the ratio of UV and green photons in the skylight was shown to be maximal for θ ≈ − 13° solar elevation, which is in the θmax = -14.7° and θmin = -7.1° typical range of swarming that was established from webcam images of real swarmings. We suggest that spectral sensitivity of both the larval and adult eyes are adapted to the optical environment of the corresponding life stages.

Fig. 11 in Late Devonian-early Carboniferous ostracods (Crustacea) from South China: taxonomy, diversity and implications

Fig. 11. SEM pictures of ostracods from Blue Snake section, Dushan County, South China, late Famennian–Tournaisian, late Devonian–early Carboniferous. All specimens are temporarily housed in the collections of Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (SU). A. Bairdia sp. 4, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 08 (P6M 3958). B. Bairdia sp. 5, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3859). C. Bairdia sp. 6, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3960). D. Bairdia sp. 7, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 23 (P6M 3961). E. Bairdia (Cryptobairdia) cf. curta McCoy, 1844 emend. Jones & Kirkby, 1878 in Crasquin, 1986, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 60 (P6M 3962). F. Bairdia (Cryptobairdia) lavenei Crasquin, 1985, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3963). G. Bairdia (Rectobairdia) angulatiformis Posner, 1951, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 67 (P6M 3964). H. Bairdia (Rectobairdia) buschminae Crasquin, 1985, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 08 (P6M 3965). I. Bairdia (Rectobairdia) cf. plebeja Reuss, 1854, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3966). J–L. Bairdia (Rectobairdia) sp. cf. R. sinuosa (Morey, 1936) in Crasquin, 1985. J. Right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3967). K. Right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 02 (P6M 3968). L. Right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 60 (P6M 3969). M. Bairdiacypris nanbiancunensis Wang, 1988, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 60 (P6M 3970). N. Bairdiacypris quasielongata Buschimna, 1968, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3971). O. Bairdiacypris subcylindrica Buschimna, 1984, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 58 (P6M 3972). P. Bairdianella cuspis Buschmina, 1970, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3973). Q. Fabalicypris sundarijanata Wang & Cao, 1997 in Song & Gong, 2019, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 67 (P6M 3974). R. Bairdiodea? indet. Left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 63 (P6M 3975). Scale bars = 100 µm.

Fig. 9 in Late Devonian-early Carboniferous ostracods (Crustacea) from South China: taxonomy, diversity and implications

Fig. 9. SEM pictures of ostracods from Blue Snake section, Dushan County, South China, late Famennian– Tournaisian, late Devonian–early Carboniferous. All specimens are temporarily housed in the collections of Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (SU). A. Elliptocyprites sp., right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 63 (P6M 3917). B. Microcheilinella infradominica Rozhdestvenskaya in Song & Gong, 2019, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 02 (P6M 3918a). C. Microcheilinella larionovae Polenova, 1955, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3918b). D. Microcheilinella. sp. A, aff. buschminae in Casier et al., 2004, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 27-2 (P6M 3919). E. Microcheilinella sp. cf. M. buschminae Olempska, 1981 in Song & Gong, 2019, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3920). F. Microcheilinella sp. sensu Olempska, 1979, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3921).G. Microcheilinella subrhomboidalisXie, 1983, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3922). H. Microcheilinella cf. decora Shi, 1964, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3923). I. Microcheilinella sp., right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 41 (P6M 3924). J. Acratia acutiangulata (Posner in Tschigova, 1960), right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 58 (P6M 3925). K. Acratia similaris Green, 1963, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3926). L. Acratia subobtusa Lethiers, 1974, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3927). M. Acratia cf. disjuncta Morey, 1935, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3928). N–O. Acratia cf. evlanensis Egorov, 1953. N. Adult, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 67 (P6M 3929). O. Juveniles, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 41 (P6M 3930). P. Acratia cf. insolita Buschmina, 1970, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 41 (P6M 3931). Q. Acratia cf. tschudovoensis Zaspelova, 1959, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3932). R. Acratia sp., right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 05 (P6M 3933). S. Acutiangulata acutiangulata (Tschigova, 1959), right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3934). T. Bairdia cestriensis Ulrich, 1891, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3935). U. Bairdia confragosa Samoilova & Smirnova, 1960, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3936). Scale bars = 100µm.

Fig. 10 in Late Devonian-early Carboniferous ostracods (Crustacea) from South China: taxonomy, diversity and implications

Fig. 10. SEM pictures and focus stacking method pictures (with an *) of ostracods from Blue Snake section, Dushan County, South China, late Famennian–Tournaisian, late Devonian–early Carboniferous. All specimens are temporarily housed in the collections of Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (SU). A. Bairdia feliumgibba Becker, 1982, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3937). B. Bairdia hypsela Rome, 1971, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3938). C. Bairdia mnemonica Schevtsov, 1964 in Crasquin, 1986, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3939). D–E. Bairdia nanbiancunensis Wang, 1988. D. Right lateral view of a carapace*, sample 19BAI 69 (P6M 3940). E. Right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3941). F. Bairdia natiformis Buschmina, 1970, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3942). G–I. Bairdia obliqua Rozhdestvenskaya, 1972. G. Adult, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3943). H. A-1, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3944). I. A-2, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3945). J. Bairdia quasikuznecovae Buschmina, 1968, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3946). K. Bairdia rustica Kotchetkova, 1983, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 08 (P6M 3947). L. Bairdia semichatovae Tschigova, 1960, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3948). M. Bairdia solita Buschmina, 1970, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 41 (P6M 3949). N. Bairdia submongolensis Buschmina, 1968, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 08 (P6M 3950).O. Bairdia cf.altifrons Knight, 1928 in Crasquin, 1984, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 43 (P6M 3951). P. Bairdia cf. extenuata Nazarova, 1951, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 60 (P6M 3952). Q. Bairdia cf. grahamensis Harlton, 1928, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 08 (P6M 3953). R. Bairdia cf. susoroides Jiang, 1983, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 69 (P6M 3954). S. Bairdia sp. 1, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 54 (P6M 3955). T. Bairdia sp. 2, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 43 (P6M 3956). U. Bairdia sp. 3, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 05 (P6M 3957). Scale bars = 100 µm.

Fig. 8 in Late Devonian-early Carboniferous ostracods (Crustacea) from South China: taxonomy, diversity and implications

Fig. 8. SEM pictures and focus stacking method pictures (with an *) of ostracods from Blue Snake section, Dushan County, South China, late Famennian–Tournaisian, late Devonian–early Carboniferous. All specimens are temporarily housed in the collections of Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (SU). A– B. Sulcella baisuzhena Guillam & Forel sp. nov. A. A-4, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3996). B. A-5, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3897). C. Bairdiocypris elliptica Wei, 1983, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 08 (P6M 3898). D–E. Bairdiocypris fomikhaensis Buschmina, 1968. D. Left lateral view of a carapace*, sample 19BAI 41 (P6M 3899). E. Left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 44 (P6M 3900). F. Bairdiocypris marginifera (Geis, 1932) sensu Buschmina, 1968, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 67 (P6M 3901). G. Bairdiocypris sp., left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 01 (P6M 3902). H–L. Cytherellina caerulea Guillam & Forel sp. nov. H. Holotype, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3903). I. Paratype 1, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3904). J. Paratype 2, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 63 (P6M 3905). K. Right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 63 (P6M 3906). L. Right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 69 (P6M 3907). M. Healdianella alba Lethiers, 1981, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 60 (P6M 3908). N. Healdianella faseolina Rozhdestvenskaya in Song & Gong, 2019, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 43 (P6M 3909). O. Healdianella lumbiformis Lethiers & Feist, 1991, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 58 (P6M 3910). P. Healdianella cf. insolita (Buschmina, 1977), right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 55 (P6M 3911). Q–R. Healdianella cf. subdistincta Wang, 1983. Q. right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 02 (P6M 3912). R. right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3913). S. Healdianella sp., right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 60 (P6M 3914). T. Praepilatina adamczaki Olempska, 1979, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3915). U. Elliptocyprites lorangeri Lethiers, 1981, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 60 (P6M 3916). Scale bars = 100 µm.

Fig. 7 in Late Devonian-early Carboniferous ostracods (Crustacea) from South China: taxonomy, diversity and implications

Fig. 7. SEM pictures of ostracods from Blue Snake section, Dushan County, South China, late Famennian–Tournaisian, late Devonian–early Carboniferous. All specimens are temporarily housed in the collections of Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (SU). A. Knoxites cf. argulata Zaspelova, 1959, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 02 (P6M 3876). B. Paraparchites longmenshanensis Wei, 1983, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 43 (P6M 3877). C. Paraparchites sp. 1, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 39 (P6M 3878). D. Paraparchites sp. 2, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 67 (P6M 3879). E. Shishaella hastierensis Crasquin-Soleau, 1988, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 39 (P6M 3880). F. Shishaella porrecta (Zanina, 1956), left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 55 (P6M 3881). G–N. Sansabella gelaohensis Guillam & Forel sp. nov. G. Holotype, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3882). H. Paratype 1, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3883). I. Paratype 2, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3884). J. A-1, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3884). K. A-2, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3885). L. A-3, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3886). M. A-4, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 63 (P6M 3887). N. A-5, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 63 (P6M 3888). O. Cavellina cf. dushanensis Shi, 1964, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 63 (P6M 3889). P. Cavellina cf. recta (Jones, Kirby & Brady, 1884), left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 67 (P6M 3890). Q–U. Sulcella baisuzhena Guillam & Forel sp. nov. Q. Holotype, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3991). R. Paratype 1, A-1, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3992). S. A-1, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3893). T. A-2, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3894). U. A-3, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3895). Scale bars = 100 µm.

Fig. 6 in Late Devonian-early Carboniferous ostracods (Crustacea) from South China: taxonomy, diversity and implications

Fig. 6. SEM pictures of ostracods from Blue Snake section, Dushan County, South China, late Famennian–Tournaisian, late Devonian–early Carboniferous. All specimens are temporarily housed in the collections of Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (SU). A. Kloedenellitina sincera Tschigova, 1960, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 69 (P6M 3856). B–C. Kloedenellitina spinosa Gurevitch, 1972. B. ♀, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 60 (P6M 3857). C. ♂, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 69 (P6M 3858). D. Kloedenellitina sygmaeformis Egorov, 1950, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 80 (P6M 3859). E. Blessites feluyensis Tschigova, 1977, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 39 (P6M 3860). F–I. Hypotetragona angulata (Posner, 1951). F. Adult, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 44 (P6M 3861). G. A-1, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 02 (P6M 3862). H. A-2, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 02 (P6M 3863). I. A-3, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3864). J–M. Hypotetragona sp. J. Adult, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 39 (P6M 3865). K. A-1, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 05 (P6M 3866). L. A-2, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 60 (P6M 3867). M. A-3, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 69 (P6M 3868). N. Knoxiella archedensis Tschigova, 1960, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 03 (P6M 3869). O. Knoxiella complanata (Kummerow, 1939), left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 80 (P6M 3870). P. Knoxiella subcompressa, Wang & Ma, 2007, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3871). Q–R. Knoxiella cf. subcompressa, Wang & Ma, 2007. Q. Adult, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3871). R. A-1, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3872). S–T. Knoxina sp. S. Left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 80 (P6M 3873). T. Left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3874). U. Knoxites cf. argulata Zaspelova, 1959, adult, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 02 (P6M 3875). Scale bars = 100 µm.

Fig. 5 in Late Devonian-early Carboniferous ostracods (Crustacea) from South China: taxonomy, diversity and implications

Fig. 5. SEM pictures of ostracods from Blue Snake section, Dushan County, South China, late Famennian–Tournaisian, late Devonian–early Carboniferous. All specimens are temporarily housed in the collections of Sorbonne Université, Paris, France (numbers P6M****). A. Aparchites sp., left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 08 (P6M 3837). B. Fellerites sp. 1, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 67 (P6M 3838). C. Fellerites sp. 2, right lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 80 (P6M 3839). D. Parabolbinella sp., right lateral view of an anteriorly broken carapace, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3840). E. Amphissites sp., right lateral view of a steinkern, sample 19BAI 74 (P6M 3841). F–L. Clavofabella? lanshella Guillam & Forel sp. nov. F. Holotype, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3842). G. Same specimen, dorsal view. H. Paratype, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3843). I. A-1, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3844). J. Same specimen, dorsal view. K. A-2, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3845). L. A-3, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3846). M–R. Clavofabella? sp. M. Adult, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3847). N. A-1, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 69 (P6M 3848). O. A-2, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3849). P. A-3, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3850). Q. A-4, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3851). R. A-5, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 68 (P6M 3852). S. Coryellina grammi Olempska, 1999, left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 41 (P6M 3853). T. Selebratina sp., left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 41 (P6M 3854). U. Beyrichiopsis sp., left lateral view of a carapace, sample 19BAI 41 (P6M 3855). Scale bars = 100 µm.

Fig. 3 in Late Devonian-early Carboniferous ostracods (Crustacea) from South China: taxonomy, diversity and implications

Fig. 3. Stratigraphic log of the Blue Snake Section and sampling points. Colours on stages and conodont zones correspond to the stratigraphic repartition of the 3 ostracod associations recognized in the present work. Orange: Association A. Grey: Association B. Green: Association C.