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Data for: Interspecific competition and facilitation coexist in mixed-species bird flocks of montane coniferous forests in Taiwan
<p><span>Besides competition, positive interactions also play an important role in shaping the social structure of mixed-species bird flocks. This study aimed to illuminate the interspecific interactions of competition and facilitation in mixed-species bird flocks. We recorded the foraging behavior and microhabitat use of flocking species in montane coniferous forests of Taiwan under different social contexts. Foraging niche breadth and niche-overlap with other flocking species were compared between individuals inside and outside of mixed flocks. For the three microhabitat variables (foraging locations, vertical strata, and horizontal strata), relationships between niche-overlaps of heterospecific pairs of these flocking species and their corresponding interspecific associations were determined using a simple linear regression. While in mixed flocks, two understory species, Taiwan Fulvetta <em>Fulvetta formosana</em> and Yellowish-bellied Bush-Warbler <em>Horornis acanthizoides</em>, shifted their foraging from shrubs upwards into coniferous trees. Meanwhile, Flamecrests (<em>Regulus goodfellowi</em>) moved downwards vertically within the canopy, and Black-throated Tits (<em>Aegithalos concinnus</em>) spread out horizontally along branches. In addition, Flamecrests applied many more sally-hovers inside of mixed flocks than outside of flocks. All four species are insectivores which might find it more difficult to obtain sufficient food during the colder winters when food resources become scarcer. Therefore, they may be using the increased vigilance afforded by the flock to expand their foraging niches and thus to increase their foraging opportunities inside mixed flocks. Furthermore, niche-overlaps of heterospecific pairs of the 11 common flocking species were positively correlated with their corresponding interspecific associations on all three microhabitat variables. These results indicate that a greater foraging niche-overlap between two flocking species would result in higher coexistence of the two species in mixed flocks. Consequently, facilitative interactions occurred in these mixed-species flocks in addition to competitive interactions.</span></p>
Data for: The formation of "mega‐flocks" depends on vegetation structure in montane coniferous forests of Taiwan
<p>A mixed-species bird flock is a social assemblage where two or more bird species are moving together while foraging and might benefit from increased foraging efficiency and antipredator vigilance. A "mega-flock," which includes flocking species from different vegetation layers, often exhibits high species diversity. Mechanisms for the formation of mega-flocks have not yet been explored. In this study, we evaluated the influence of vegetation structure and bird species diversity/richness in driving the occurrence of mega-flocks. We investigated the composition of mixed-species flocks, local bird communities, and vegetation structure in five vegetation types of two high-elevation sites in central Taiwan. (For more details, please see the paper which has been published in Ecology and Evolution, entitled "The formation of "mega-flocks" depends on vegetation structure in montane coniferous forests of Taiwan." Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8608)</p>
FIGURE 3 in Oberonia mahaeliyensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Malaxideae), a new species from montane cloud forest of Sri Lanka
FIGURE 3. Vegetation of the type location in Horton Plains National Park (note the die-back stems). Photograph by Champika Bandara.
On following pages: 626. Niceforo Maria's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys nicefori); 627. Popayan Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys popayanus); 628. Short-faced Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys baeops); 629. Snow-footed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys niveipes); 630. Principal Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys princeps); 631. Silky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys bombycinus); 632. Red Andean Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys auricularis); 633. Cinnamon-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinnameus); 634. Central Andes Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys contradictus); 635. Ashy-bellied Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereiventen; 636. Colombian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys dispar); 637. Soft-furred Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys lanigen); 638. Ash-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereus); 639. Wandering Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys erro); 640. Paramo Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys paramorum); 641. Forest Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomyssilvestris); 642. Smoky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys fumeus); 643. Pichincha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys vulcani); 644. Ucucha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ucucha); 645. Taczanowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys taczanowskii); 646. Golden Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys aureus); 647. White-tipped Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys caudivarius); 648. Hudson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys hudsoni); 649. Reddish-backed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys pyrrhonotus); 650. Montane Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys oreas); 651. Cajamarca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys praetor; 652. Distinguished Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys notatus); 653. Apeco Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys apeco); 654. Peruvian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys eleusis); 655. Strong-tailed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ischyrus); 656. Reddish-nosed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys rosalinda); 657. Large-eared Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys macrotis); 658. Ashaninka Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys onkiro); 659. Inca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys incanus), 660. Kalinowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys kalinowskii); 661. Slender Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys gracilis); 662. Daphne's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys daphne); 663. Anderson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys anderson); 664. Austral Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys australis); 665. Ladew's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ladewi). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 626. Niceforo Maria's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys nicefori); 627. Popayan Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys popayanus); 628. Short-faced Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys baeops); 629. Snow-footed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys niveipes); 630. Principal Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys princeps); 631. Silky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys bombycinus); 632. Red Andean Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys auricularis); 633. Cinnamon-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinnameus); 634. Central Andes Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys contradictus); 635. Ashy-bellied Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereiventen; 636. Colombian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys dispar); 637. Soft-furred Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys lanigen); 638. Ash-colored Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys cinereus); 639. Wandering Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys erro); 640. Paramo Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys paramorum); 641. Forest Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomyssilvestris); 642. Smoky Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys fumeus); 643. Pichincha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys vulcani); 644. Ucucha Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ucucha); 645. Taczanowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys taczanowskii); 646. Golden Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys aureus); 647. White-tipped Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys caudivarius); 648. Hudson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys hudsoni); 649. Reddish-backed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys pyrrhonotus); 650. Montane Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys oreas); 651. Cajamarca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys praetor; 652. Distinguished Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys notatus); 653. Apeco Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys apeco); 654. Peruvian Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys eleusis); 655. Strong-tailed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ischyrus); 656. Reddish-nosed Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys rosalinda); 657. Large-eared Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys macrotis); 658. Ashaninka Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys onkiro); 659. Inca Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys incanus), 660. Kalinowski's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys kalinowskii); 661. Slender Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys gracilis); 662. Daphne's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys daphne); 663. Anderson's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys anderson); 664. Austral Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys australis); 665. Ladew's Oldfield Mouse (Thomasomys ladewi).
On following pages: 558. Arguedas''s Grass Mouse (Akodon josemariarguedasi); 559. Junin Grass Mouse (Akodon juninensis); 560. Puno Grass Mouse (Akodon subfuscus); 561. Cloud Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon torques); 562. Silent Grass Mouse (Akodon surdus); 563. Kotosh Grass Mouse (Akodon kotosh); 564. White-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon albiventen; 565. Bolivian Grass Mouse (Akodon boliviensis); 566. Lindbergh's Grass Mouse (Akodon lindberghi); 567. Cursorial Grass Mouse (Akodon curson; 568. Montane Grass Mouse (Akodon montensis); 569. Altiplano Grass Mouse (Akodon lutescens); 570. Thespian Grass Mouse (Akodon mimus); 571. Koford's Grass Mouse (Akodon kofordl); 572. Smoky Grass Mouse (Akodon fumeus); 573. Day's Grass Mouse (Akodon dayi); 574. Cochabamba Grass Mouse (Akodon siberiae); 575. Unicolored Grass Mouse (Akodon caenosus); 576. Tarija Grass Mouse (Akodon pervalens), 577. Gray-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon simulator); 578. Budin's Grass Mouse (Akodon budini); 579. Variable Grass Mouse (Akodon varius); 580. Caparao Grass Mouse (Akodon mystax); 581. Parana Grass Mouse (Akodon paranaensis); 582. Sao Paulo Grass Mouse (Akodon sanctipaulensis); 583. Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon sylvanus); 584. Spegazzini's Grass Mouse (Akodon spegazzinii); 585. Toba Grass Mouse (Akodon toba); 586. Azara's Grass Mouse (Akodon azarae); 587 Philip Myers's Grass Mouse (Akodon philipmyersi); 588. Reig's Grass Mouse (Akodon reigi); 589. Polop's Grass Mouse (Akodon polopi); 590. Dolores Grass Mouse (Akodon dolores); 591. Intelligent Grass Mouse (Akodon iniscatus). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 558. Arguedas''s Grass Mouse (Akodon josemariarguedasi); 559. Junin Grass Mouse (Akodon juninensis); 560. Puno Grass Mouse (Akodon subfuscus); 561. Cloud Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon torques); 562. Silent Grass Mouse (Akodon surdus); 563. Kotosh Grass Mouse (Akodon kotosh); 564. White-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon albiventen; 565. Bolivian Grass Mouse (Akodon boliviensis); 566. Lindbergh's Grass Mouse (Akodon lindberghi); 567. Cursorial Grass Mouse (Akodon curson; 568. Montane Grass Mouse (Akodon montensis); 569. Altiplano Grass Mouse (Akodon lutescens); 570. Thespian Grass Mouse (Akodon mimus); 571. Koford's Grass Mouse (Akodon kofordl); 572. Smoky Grass Mouse (Akodon fumeus); 573. Day's Grass Mouse (Akodon dayi); 574. Cochabamba Grass Mouse (Akodon siberiae); 575. Unicolored Grass Mouse (Akodon caenosus); 576. Tarija Grass Mouse (Akodon pervalens), 577. Gray-bellied Grass Mouse (Akodon simulator); 578. Budin's Grass Mouse (Akodon budini); 579. Variable Grass Mouse (Akodon varius); 580. Caparao Grass Mouse (Akodon mystax); 581. Parana Grass Mouse (Akodon paranaensis); 582. Sao Paulo Grass Mouse (Akodon sanctipaulensis); 583. Forest Grass Mouse (Akodon sylvanus); 584. Spegazzini's Grass Mouse (Akodon spegazzinii); 585. Toba Grass Mouse (Akodon toba); 586. Azara's Grass Mouse (Akodon azarae); 587 Philip Myers's Grass Mouse (Akodon philipmyersi); 588. Reig's Grass Mouse (Akodon reigi); 589. Polop's Grass Mouse (Akodon polopi); 590. Dolores Grass Mouse (Akodon dolores); 591. Intelligent Grass Mouse (Akodon iniscatus).
On following pages: 357. Delicate Red-nosed Tree Mouse (Juliomys ossitenuis); 358. Montane Red-rumped Tree Mouse (Juliomys rimofrons); 3569. Araucaria Forest Tree Mouse (Juliomys ximenezi); 360. Ruschi''s Spiny Mouse (Abrawayaomys ruschii); 361. Chebez's Spiny Mouse (Abrawayaomys chebezi); 362. Montane Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys altimontanus); 363. Pallid Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys sublineatus); 364. Striped Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys dorsalis); 365. North-western Conyrat (Reithrodon caurinus); 366. Naked-soled Conyrat (Reithrodon typicus); 367. Hairy-soled Conyrat (Reithrodon auritus); 368. Short-tailed Cane Mouse (Zygodontomys brevicauda); 369. Colombian Cane Mouse (Zygodontomys brunneus); 370. Ucayali South American Spiny Mouse (Scolomys ucayalensis); 371. Gray South American Spiny Mouse (Scolomys melanops); 372. Boquete Rice Rat (Nephelomys devius); 373. Santa Marta Rice Rat (Nephelomys maculiventen; 374. Mount Pirre Rice Rat (Nephelomys pirrensis); 375. Western Colombian Rice Rat (Nephelomys pectoralis); 376. Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat (Nephelomys caracolus); 377 Merida Rice Rat (Nephelomys meridensis); 378. Child's Rice Rat (Nephelomys child); 379. White-throated Rice Rat (Nephelomys albigularis); 380. Greater Golden-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys auriventen; 381. Gray-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys moerex); 382. Lesser Golden-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys nimbosus); 383. Keays's Rice Rat (Nephelomys keaysi); 384. Nimble-footed Rice Rat (Nephelomys levipes), 385. Hammond's Rice Rat (Mindomys hammond). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 357. Delicate Red-nosed Tree Mouse (Juliomys ossitenuis); 358. Montane Red-rumped Tree Mouse (Juliomys rimofrons); 3569. Araucaria Forest Tree Mouse (Juliomys ximenezi); 360. Ruschi''s Spiny Mouse (Abrawayaomys ruschii); 361. Chebez's Spiny Mouse (Abrawayaomys chebezi); 362. Montane Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys altimontanus); 363. Pallid Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys sublineatus); 364. Striped Atlantic Forest Rat (Delomys dorsalis); 365. North-western Conyrat (Reithrodon caurinus); 366. Naked-soled Conyrat (Reithrodon typicus); 367. Hairy-soled Conyrat (Reithrodon auritus); 368. Short-tailed Cane Mouse (Zygodontomys brevicauda); 369. Colombian Cane Mouse (Zygodontomys brunneus); 370. Ucayali South American Spiny Mouse (Scolomys ucayalensis); 371. Gray South American Spiny Mouse (Scolomys melanops); 372. Boquete Rice Rat (Nephelomys devius); 373. Santa Marta Rice Rat (Nephelomys maculiventen; 374. Mount Pirre Rice Rat (Nephelomys pirrensis); 375. Western Colombian Rice Rat (Nephelomys pectoralis); 376. Coastal Cordilleran Rice Rat (Nephelomys caracolus); 377 Merida Rice Rat (Nephelomys meridensis); 378. Child's Rice Rat (Nephelomys child); 379. White-throated Rice Rat (Nephelomys albigularis); 380. Greater Golden-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys auriventen; 381. Gray-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys moerex); 382. Lesser Golden-bellied Rice Rat (Nephelomys nimbosus); 383. Keays's Rice Rat (Nephelomys keaysi); 384. Nimble-footed Rice Rat (Nephelomys levipes), 385. Hammond's Rice Rat (Mindomys hammond).
Responses of Surface Evaporative Fluxes in Montane Cloud Forests to the Climate Change Scenario
<p>CL_surfobs_raw.mat and LHC_nodew_new_raw.mat are the analyzed CLM simulation output with atmospheric observations in Chi-Lan and Lien-Hua-Chih as input forcings.</p> <p>CLatm_LHC_prec*.mat are the analyzed CLM simulation output in sensitivity tests for the rainfall pattern.</p> <p>CL_*_transform_raw.mat are the analyzed CLM simulation output in CTL simulation and climate change sensitivity tests. </p> <p>Fig_*.m are matlab code files to reproduce figures in the article.</p> <p>Fig_11_ttest.m and Fig_11_LE_p_value.mat are the t-test for the decrease of latent heat flux in the diurnal cycle under climate change scenario and the resulting p-value.</p> <p>Fig_quantile.m and Fig_4_6_7_8_9_10_11_quantile.mat are to obtain first and third quantile of the changes of canopy water and surface heat fluxes in the diurnal cycle under climate change scenarios.</p>
Distribution. Restricted to montane region of EC DR Congo (Kivu, Lemera, Irangi, Kahuzi-Biéga National Park, and Tshibati) and Rwanda (Uinka and Nyungwe Forest). in Soricidae
Distribution. Restricted to montane region of EC DR Congo (Kivu, Lemera, Irangi, Kahuzi-Biéga National Park, and Tshibati) and Rwanda (Uinka and Nyungwe Forest).
Distribution. Restricted to three montane swamps (2100-2300 m) in E DR Congo (Mt Kahuzi) and high-elevation swamps in SW Uganda (Echuya Forest, Ngoto Swamp, Ruhija, Mubwindi Swamp, and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) at 1500-2380 m. Extensive surveys in swamps in Burundi and Rwenzori Mts have notyielded any specimens. in Soricidae
Distribution. Restricted to three montane swamps (2100-2300 m) in E DR Congo (Mt Kahuzi) and high-elevation swamps in SW Uganda (Echuya Forest, Ngoto Swamp, Ruhija, Mubwindi Swamp, and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) at 1500-2380 m. Extensive surveys in swamps in Burundi and Rwenzori Mts have notyielded any specimens.
Distribution. SW India (Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu states); it occurs sporadically in montane forests of the Western Ghats from Srimangala (12° 01' N, 75° 58' E) in Karnataka S to the Aramboli Pass (8° 16' N) in Kerala. in Cercopithecidae
Distribution. SW India (Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu states); it occurs sporadically in montane forests of the Western Ghats from Srimangala (12° 01' N, 75° 58' E) in Karnataka S to the Aramboli Pass (8° 16' N) in Kerala.
Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015). in Muridae
Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015).
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae
Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).
On following pages: 184. Koopman's Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys karlkoopmani); 185. Greater Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys major); 186. Gray-bellied Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys muroides); 187. Lesser Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys pusillus); 188. Luzon Cordillera Forest Mouse (Apomys abrae); 189. Aurora Forest Mouse (Apomys aurorae); 190. Banahaw Forest Mouse (Apomys banahao); 191. Brown's Forest Mouse (Apomys brownorum); 192. Camiguin Forest Mouse (Apomys camiguinensis); 193. Northern Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys datae); 194. Large Mindoro Forest Mouse (Apomys gracilirostris); 195. Mindanao Mossy Forest Mouse (Apomys hylocoetes); 196. Mindanao Montane Forest Mouse (Apomys insignis); 197. Mount Irid Forest Mouse (Apomys iridensis); 198. Mindanao Lowland Forest Mouse (Apomys littoralis); 199. Lubang Forest Mouse (Apomys lubangensis); 200. Large Forest Mouse (Apomys magnus); 201. Small Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys microdon); 202. Mount Mingan Forest Mouse (Apomys minganensis); 203. Least Philippine Forest Mouse (Apomys musculus); 204. Long-nosed Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys sacobianus); 205. Sierra Madre Forest Mouse (Apomys sierrae); 206. Zambales Forest Mouse (Apomys zambalensis); 207. Isarog Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys luzonensis); 208. Large Cordillera Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys maximus); 209. Isarog Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys gonzalesi); 210. Lowland Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys mindorensis); 211. Sibuyan Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys sibuyanensis); 212. Blazed Luzon Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys silaceus); 213. Montane Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys whitehead). in Muridae
On following pages: 184. Koopman's Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys karlkoopmani); 185. Greater Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys major); 186. Gray-bellied Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys muroides); 187. Lesser Pencil-tailed Tree Mouse (Chiropodomys pusillus); 188. Luzon Cordillera Forest Mouse (Apomys abrae); 189. Aurora Forest Mouse (Apomys aurorae); 190. Banahaw Forest Mouse (Apomys banahao); 191. Brown's Forest Mouse (Apomys brownorum); 192. Camiguin Forest Mouse (Apomys camiguinensis); 193. Northern Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys datae); 194. Large Mindoro Forest Mouse (Apomys gracilirostris); 195. Mindanao Mossy Forest Mouse (Apomys hylocoetes); 196. Mindanao Montane Forest Mouse (Apomys insignis); 197. Mount Irid Forest Mouse (Apomys iridensis); 198. Mindanao Lowland Forest Mouse (Apomys littoralis); 199. Lubang Forest Mouse (Apomys lubangensis); 200. Large Forest Mouse (Apomys magnus); 201. Small Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys microdon); 202. Mount Mingan Forest Mouse (Apomys minganensis); 203. Least Philippine Forest Mouse (Apomys musculus); 204. Long-nosed Luzon Forest Mouse (Apomys sacobianus); 205. Sierra Madre Forest Mouse (Apomys sierrae); 206. Zambales Forest Mouse (Apomys zambalensis); 207. Isarog Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys luzonensis); 208. Large Cordillera Shrew Mouse (Archboldomys maximus); 209. Isarog Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys gonzalesi); 210. Lowland Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys mindorensis); 211. Sibuyan Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys sibuyanensis); 212. Blazed Luzon Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys silaceus); 213. Montane Striped Shrew Rat (Chrotomys whitehead).
FIGURE 1 in Two new species and a new record of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Peru
FIGURE 1. Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Huánuco. A. Panoramic view. B. Unchog forest view. Photos by Nilton Rodríguez.
FIGURE 4 in Two new species and a new record of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Peru
FIGURE 4. Species of Saxicola group similar to Epidendrum churubambense. A. Epidendrum churubambense Ocupa, J.Duarte, E.Santiago & Hágsater. B. Epidendrum tetartociclium Collantes & Hágsater. C. Epidendrum acjanacoense Hágsater, E.Santiago & J.Duarte. D. Epidendrum herreranum C.Schweinf. Photographs by: L. Ocupa (A) (L. Ocupa 298 [USM]); B. Collantes (B (R. Suarez & G. Alegría 006 ex B. Collantes 903 [USM]), D (C. Vargas 2755 [CUZ])); R. Jiménez (C) (A. Cano 3364 [USM]).
FIGURE 5 in Two new species and a new record of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Peru
FIGURE 5. Lankester Composite Digital Plate of Epidendrum unchogense Ocupa et E.Santiago. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Dissected perianth. D. Lip, column and ovary, lateral view and longitudinal section. E. Column, lateral and ventral view. F. Lip, ventral and extended view. G. Anther cap and pollinarium. Prepared by L. Ocupa Horna from holotype.
FIGURE 3 in Two new species and a new record of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Peru
FIGURE 3. Lankester Composite Digital Plate of Epidendrum churubambense Ocupa, J.Duarte, E.Santiago & Hágsater. A. Habit. B. Flower. C. Dissected perianth. D. Lip, column and ovary, lateral view. E. Column, lateral and ventral view. F. Anther cap and pollinarium. Prepared by L. Ocupa Horna from the holotype.
FIGURE 7 in Two new species and a new record of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Peru
FIGURE 7. Lankester Composite Digital Plate of Epidendrum sanctae-rosae Hágsater, Sauleda, Uribe Vélez & E.Santiago. A. Habit. B. Floral bract. C. Flower. D. Dissected perianth. E. Lip, column and ovary, lateral view and longitudinal section. F. Column. G. Anther cap and pollinarium. Prepared by L. Ocupa Horna from Peruvian specimen (L. Ocupa 300 [USM]).
FIGURE 6 in Two new species and a new record of Epidendrum (Orchidaceae) from the Carpish Montane Forest Regional Conservation Area, Peru
FIGURE 6. Species of Soratae subgroup, Scabrum group, similar to Epidendrum unchogense. A. Epidendrum unchugense Ocupa & E.Santiago. B. Epidendrum llatasii Hágsater, A.G.Diaz & E.Santiago. C. Epidendrum carpishense Hágsater, D.Trujillo & E.Santiago. D. Epidendrum labrychilum Hágsater, Edquén & E.Santiago. Photographs by: L. Ocupa (A) (L. Ocupa 299 [USM]); A. G. Díaz (B) (A. Díaz 83 [HUT]); D. Trujillo (C) (D. Trujillo 78 [HURP]); J. Edquén (D) (J. Edquén 400 [HURP]).
FIGURE 4. A in Two new species of Meliosma (Sabiaceae) from the premontane and montane forests of the Selva Central of Peru
FIGURE 4. A. Fruiting terminal branch of Meliosma dazae (Fernandez-Hilario et al. 1176). B. Aniceto Daza climbing a tree to collect botanical specimens in a permanent plot in Junín (2013). Photos by Robin Fernandez.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.