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Fig. 7 in Fused and vaulted nasals of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs: Implications for cranial strength and feeding mechanics

Fig. 7. CT−scanned cross−sections of fused tyrannosaurid nasals, showing greater vaulting and higher cross−sectional areas of bone in larger individuals. A. Gorgosaurus libratus (juvenile: TMP 86.144.1). B. Gorgosaurus libratus (subadult: TMP 86.64.1). C. Daspletosaurus torosus (adult: TMP 98.48.1). Numbers 1–4: cross−sections at topologically similar positions, from posterior to anterior.

Fig. 3 in Fused and vaulted nasals of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs: Implications for cranial strength and feeding mechanics

Fig. 3. Comparisons of mediolateral (A, B) and anteroposterior (C, D) strengths of tyrannosaurid and non−tyrannosaurid theropod maxillary teeth, plotted against skull length. Regressions are by least squares, on log transformed data for the tyrannosaurids. Trend lines are allometric in the tyannosaurids but linear in non−tyrannosaurids. Tooth strengths of Tyrannosaurus rex are much higher than in any other examined taxon. Starting points of the small arrows indicate the position of the juvenile T. rex (TrJ). See Appendix 1 for other specimen labels.

Fig. 8 in Fused and vaulted nasals of tyrannosaurid dinosaurs: Implications for cranial strength and feeding mechanics

Fig. 8. Average strengths of nasal cross−sections in tyrannosaurids and Allosaurus fragilis, plotted against nasal length. A. Cross−sectional areas, proportional to compression strengths. B. Second moment of area, proportional to vertical bending strength. C. Second moment of area, proportional to lateral bending strength. Values for the A. fragilis nasals are uncorrected for the hollowness of the sections, which would reduce their strengths. Lines fitted to the tyrannosaurid values are derived from log transformed data. See Appendix 1 for labels.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

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Data from: Nasal compartmentalization in Kogiidae (Cetacea, Physeteroidea): Insights from a new late Miocene dwarf sperm whale from the Pisco Formation

Facial compartmentalization in the skull of extant pygmy whales (Kogiidae) is a unique feature among cetaceans that allows the housing of a wide array of organs responsible for echolocation. Recent fossil findings depict a remarkable disparity of the facial bone organization in Miocene kogiids, but the significance of such a rearrangement for the evolution of the clade has been barely explored. Here we describe Kogia danomurai sp. nov., a late Miocene (ca. 5.8 Ma) taxon from the Pisco Formation (Peru), based on a partially preserved skull with a new facial bone pattern. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers K. danomurai as the most basal representative of the extant genus Kogia, displaying a combination of derived (incipiently developed and excavated sagittal facial crest) and plesiomorphic features (high position of the temporal fossa and antorbital notch not transformed into a narrow slit). Furthermore, when compared with the extant Kogia, the facial patterning found in K. danomurai indicates differential development among the facial organs, implying different capabilities of sound production relative to extant Kogia spp. Different facial bone patterns are particularly notable within the multi-species kogiid assemblage of the Pisco Formation, which suggests causal connections between different patterns and feeding ecologies (e.g., nekton piscivory and benthic foraging). At about 5.8 Ma, K. danomurai was part of a cetacean community composed by clades typical of the late Miocene as well as other early representatives of extant taxa, a mixture probably depicting the initial faunal change toward the coastal ecosystem dynamics of the present-day Southeastern Pacific.

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Data from: High quality statistical shape modelling of the human nasal cavity and applications

The human nose is a complex organ that shows large morphological variations and has many important functions. However, the relation between shape and function is not yet fully understood. In this work, we present a high quality statistical shape model of the human nose based on clinical CT data of 46 patients. A technique based on cylindrical parametrization was used to create a correspondence between the nasal shapes of the population. Applying principal component analysis on these corresponded nasal cavities resulted in an average nasal geometry and geometrical variations, known as principal components, present in the population with a high precision. The analysis led to 46 principal components, which account for 95 percent of the total geometrical variation captured. These variations are first discussed qualitatively, and the effect on the average nasal shape of the first five principal components is visualized. Hereafter, by using this statistical shape model, two application examples that lead to quantitative data are shown: nasal shape in function of age and gender, and a morphometric analysis of different anatomical regions. Shape models, as the one presented here, can help to get a better understanding of nasal shape and variation, and their relationship with demographic data.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

opencc-byFeb 2019View details →

Early medieval nasal helmet

Early medieval nasal helmet with chain mail collar. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

FIGURE 3 in Revision of Capsaloides (Monogenea: Capsalidae) with a redescription of C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939 from the nasal tissue of Tetrapterus audax (Istiophoridae) collected off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia

FIGURE 3. Variation in the morphology of the dorsomarginal body sclerites of Capsaloides perugiai and those species (C. istiophori, C. marielenae and C. tetrapteri) newly synonymised with C. perugiai (present study). Note that the number of cusps associated with the crownshaped sclerite decrease towards the posterior body region. A. C. istiophori, drawn from USNPC 63598. B. C. marielenae, drawn from CNHE 000133. C. C. perugiai, redrawn from Setti (1898). D. C. tetrapteri, drawn from USNPC 63600. Scale bar: 10 m.

FIGURE 6. Capsaloides magnaspinosus. A in Revision of Capsaloides (Monogenea: Capsalidae) with a redescription of C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939 from the nasal tissue of Tetrapterus audax (Istiophoridae) collected off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia

FIGURE 6. Capsaloides magnaspinosus. A. Light photomicrograph of the whole body, ventral view of mounted specimen. B. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of the whole body, ventral view. C. SEM of the anterior part of the body, ventral view, showing the 2 anterior attachment organs, mouth, vaginal pore (arrowhead) and papillate sinuous edge of body. D. Nomarski photomicrograph of the sinuous edge of the body showing small tegumental papillae (arrowhead). E. Nomarski photomicrograph of scalloped muscular marginal valve showing papillae associated with the dorsal surface of each scallop. Scale bars: A, B = 2mm; C = 500 m; D, E = 100.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of Capsaloides (Monogenea: Capsalidae) with a redescription of C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939 from the nasal tissue of Tetrapterus audax (Istiophoridae) collected off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia

FIGURE 2. Nomarksi photomicrographs of the dorsomarginal body sclerites of Capsaloides species. For consistent comparison, the sclerites were photographed at the level of the anterior border of the ovary. A. C. cornutus, from USNPC 35136. B. C. cristatus, from USNPC 63597. C. C. hoffmannae, from CNHE 002718; note that the cusps of the sclerites cannot be seen well in this unflattened specimen and the body margin appears annulated. D. C. magnaspinosus, from USNPC 35648. E. C. nairagi, from USNPC 63599; note that the sclerites are distributed in a slightly zigzagged pattern. F. C. perugiai, from USNPC 63600 (specimen originally identified as C. tetrapteri). Scale bars: 20 m.

FIGURE 5 in Revision of Capsaloides (Monogenea: Capsalidae) with a redescription of C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939 from the nasal tissue of Tetrapterus audax (Istiophoridae) collected off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia

FIGURE 5. Capsaloides magnaspinosus. Whole adult parasite, ventral view. NB: For clarity, the intestinal caeca are not drawn. Abbreviations: aao, anterior attachment organ; as, haptoral accessory sclerite; bps, bifid posterior septum; cgp, common genital pore; dbs, dorsomarginal body sclerite; h, hooklet; p, pharynx; t, testis; v, vitellarium. Scale bar: 2mm.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of Capsaloides (Monogenea: Capsalidae) with a redescription of C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939 from the nasal tissue of Tetrapterus audax (Istiophoridae) collected off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia

FIGURE 4. Haptoral accessory sclerites of Capsaloides perugiai and those species newly synonymised with C. perugiai. A. C. istiophori, redrawn from Yamaguti (1968). B. C. istiophori, drawn from USNPC 63598. C. C. marielenae, drawn from CNHE 000133. D. C. perugiai, redrawn from Setti (1898). D. C. tetrapteri, drawn from USNPC 63600. Note that the only specimen of C. istiophori deposited is large and the morphology of the accessory sclerites are slightly different (B) to that drawn by Yamaguti (1968) (see A) who based his description on 28 specimens. Scale bar: 50 m.

FIGURE 7 in Revision of Capsaloides (Monogenea: Capsalidae) with a redescription of C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939 from the nasal tissue of Tetrapterus audax (Istiophoridae) collected off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia

FIGURE 7. Capsaloides magnaspinosus. Magnified illustration of the male and female reproductive system, ventral view. Abbreviations: agr, accessory gland reservoir; magd, male accessory gland duct; mco, male copulatory organ; mcoc, male copulatory organ canal; mcos, male copulatory organ sac; o, ovary; oot, oötype; ov, oviduct; ovd, ovovitelline duct; tvd, transverse vitelline duct; v, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vp, vaginal pore; vr, vitelline reservoir; u, uterus. Scale bar: 500 m.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of Capsaloides (Monogenea: Capsalidae) with a redescription of C. magnaspinosus Price, 1939 from the nasal tissue of Tetrapterus audax (Istiophoridae) collected off Nelson Bay, New South Wales, Australia

FIGURE 1. Haptoral accessory sclerites of Capsaloides species. A. C. cornutus, drawn from USNPC 35136. B. C. cristatus, drawn from USNPC 63597. C. C. hoffmannae, drawn from CNHE 002718. D. C. magnaspinosus, drawn from USNPC 35648. E. C. nairagi, drawn from USNPC 63599. F. C. perugiai, redrawn from Setti (1898). G. C. sinuatus, redrawn from Goto (1894). Scale bar: 100 m.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Engineered nasal cartilage for the repair of osteoarthritic knee cartilage defects

Data underlying the figures in the publication “Engineered nasal cartilage for the repair of osteoarthritic knee cartilage defects”, published in Sci. Transl. Med., 2021, 13, eaaz4499. <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4499">https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz4499</a> Table of contents: 1. Data_file_S1: Experimental data for Figures 2, 3, 6, Supplementary Figures S1-5 and Supplementary Tables 3-5. 2. Table S1: Differentially expressed genes between nasal and articular chondrocytes. Fold change data was calculated with a positive log2 fold change (FC) indicating higher expression in nasal relative to articular chondrocytes. An adjusted (adj) P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. 3. Table S2: Pathway enrichment among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between nasal and articular chondrocytes. Pathway enrichment was performed using the PANTHER (version 14.1) overrepresentation test based on the DEGs between nasal and articular chondrocytes (table S1). An FDR < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

opennotspecifiedNov 2017View details →

On following pages: 729. Narrow-nasal Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis stenops); 730. Pearson's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis pearson); 731. Western Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis occidens); 732. Ancash Leaf-eared Mouse definitus); 733. Lima Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis limatus); 734. Master Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis magisten); 735. Yellow-rumped Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis xanthopygus); 736. Osgood's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis (Phyllotis osgoodi); 737. Bunch Grass Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis osilae); 738. Capricorn Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis caprinus); 739. Tucuman Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis tucumanus); 740. Walnut Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis nogalaris); 741. Darwin's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis darwinii); 742. Los Alisos Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis alisosiensis); 743. Anita's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis anitae); 744. Bonarian Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis bonariensis), 745. Wolffsohn's Leaf-eared Mouse (Tapecomys wolffsohni); 746. Tapecua Leaf-eared Mouse (Tapecomys primus); 747. Southern Big-eared Mouse (Loxodontomys micropus); 748. Delicate Salt Flat Mouse (Salinomys delicatus), 749. Pearson's Chaco Mouse (Andalgalomys pearson); 750. Olrog's Chaco Mouse (Andalgalomys olrogi); 751. Garlepp's Mouse (Galenomys garleppi); 752. Painted Big-eared Mouse (Auliscomys pictus); 753. Bolivian Bigeared Mouse (Auliscomys boliviensis); 754. Andean Big-eared Mouse (Auliscomys sublimis); 7565. Sumichrast's Vesper Rat (Nyctomys sumichrasti); 756. Yucatan Vesper Rat (Otonyctomys hatt); 757. Big-eared Climbing Rat (Ototylomys phyllotis); 758. La Pera Climbing Rat (Ototylomys chiapensis); 759. Peters's Climbing Rat (Tylomys nudicaudus): 760. Chiapan Climbing Rat (Tylomys bullaris); 761. Tumbala Climbing Rat (Tylomys tumbalensis); 762. Watson's Climbing Rat (Tylomys watson); 763. Fulvous-bellied Climbing Rat (Tylomys fulviventen; 764. Panama Climbing Rat (Tylomys panamensis); 765. Mira Climbing Rat (Tylomys mirae). in Cricetidae

On following pages: 729. Narrow-nasal Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis stenops); 730. Pearson's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis pearson); 731. Western Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis occidens); 732. Ancash Leaf-eared Mouse definitus); 733. Lima Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis limatus); 734. Master Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis magisten); 735. Yellow-rumped Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis xanthopygus); 736. Osgood's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis (Phyllotis osgoodi); 737. Bunch Grass Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis osilae); 738. Capricorn Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis caprinus); 739. Tucuman Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis tucumanus); 740. Walnut Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis nogalaris); 741. Darwin's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis darwinii); 742. Los Alisos Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis alisosiensis); 743. Anita's Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis anitae); 744. Bonarian Leaf-eared Mouse (Phyllotis bonariensis), 745. Wolffsohn's Leaf-eared Mouse (Tapecomys wolffsohni); 746. Tapecua Leaf-eared Mouse (Tapecomys primus); 747. Southern Big-eared Mouse (Loxodontomys micropus); 748. Delicate Salt Flat Mouse (Salinomys delicatus), 749. Pearson's Chaco Mouse (Andalgalomys pearson); 750. Olrog's Chaco Mouse (Andalgalomys olrogi); 751. Garlepp's Mouse (Galenomys garleppi); 752. Painted Big-eared Mouse (Auliscomys pictus); 753. Bolivian Bigeared Mouse (Auliscomys boliviensis); 754. Andean Big-eared Mouse (Auliscomys sublimis); 7565. Sumichrast's Vesper Rat (Nyctomys sumichrasti); 756. Yucatan Vesper Rat (Otonyctomys hatt); 757. Big-eared Climbing Rat (Ototylomys phyllotis); 758. La Pera Climbing Rat (Ototylomys chiapensis); 759. Peters's Climbing Rat (Tylomys nudicaudus): 760. Chiapan Climbing Rat (Tylomys bullaris); 761. Tumbala Climbing Rat (Tylomys tumbalensis); 762. Watson's Climbing Rat (Tylomys watson); 763. Fulvous-bellied Climbing Rat (Tylomys fulviventen; 764. Panama Climbing Rat (Tylomys panamensis); 765. Mira Climbing Rat (Tylomys mirae).

Figure 5 in Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus on Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura)

Figure 5. Comparative scheme of the anterior region of chondrocrania in dorsal view, identifying the following structures: light pink = quadratoethmoidal process; yellow = quadratoethmoidal ligamentum; blue = ligamentum quadratoethmoidal condrified; orange = processus lateralis trabeculae; green = olfactory nerve. Hymenochirus boettgeri modified from De Sá & Swart (1999), Pelobates fuscus modified from Roček (1981), Pipa arrabali from this study, Pipa carvalhoi modified from Roček (1990), Pipa pipa modified from Roček & Veselý (1989), Rana temporaria modified from De Jongh (1968), Rhinophrynus dorsalis modified from Sokol (1975) and Swart & De Sá (1999), Xenopus laevis modified from Pugener et al. (2003) and Xenopus tropicalis modified from Sokol (1977).

Figure 2 in Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus on Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura)

Figure 2. Drawings of the anterior region of the cleared-and-stained chondrocranium of Pipa arrabali in dorsal view, without some bones (nasal, frontoparietal, maxilla and premaxilla) to facilitate visualization of nasal cartilages. A, 35019-A (SVL: 7.18 mm); B, 35051-A (SVL: 8.21 mm) e C: 14942-B (SVL: 10.50 mm). The structures painted in red represent the bones. The bars correspond to 1 mm.

Figure 4 in Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus on Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura)

Figure 4. Comparative scheme of the anterior region of the chondrocranium of Pipa arrabali in dorsal view, at three different stages, identifying the structures that were inferred a posteriori: light pink = quadratoethmoidal process; yellow = quadratoethmoidal ligamentum; blue = ligamentum quadratoethmoidal condrified; orange = processus lateralis trabeculae; green = olfactory nerve. Circle indicates the structure that corresponds to the pars alaris of the cartilago labialis superior. A, 35027-A (SVL: 3.51 mm—Stage II-2); B, 35055-A (SVL: 3.81 mm— Stage II-3); C, 35000-A (SVL: 5.30 mm—Stage II-4). The bar corresponds to 1 mm.

Figure 3 in Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus on Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura)

Figure 3. Drawings of the anterior region of the cleared-and-stained chondrocranium of Pipa arrabali in lateral view. A, 35027-A (SVL: 3.51 mm); B, 35055-A (SVL: 3.81 mm); C, 35000-A (SVL: 5.30 mm); D, 35045-B (SVL: 5.80 mm); E, 35045-C (SVL: 5.67 mm); F, 35019-A (SVL: 7.18 mm); G, 35051-A (SVL: 8.21 mm); and H, 14942-B (SVL: 10.50 mm). The structures painted in red represent the bones. The bars correspond to 1 mm.

Figure 1 in Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus on Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura)

Figure 1. Drawings of the anterior region of the cleared-and-stained chondrocranium of Pipa arrabali in dorsal view. A, 35027-A (SVL: 3.51 mm); B, 35055-A (SVL: 3.81 mm); C, 35000-A (SVL: 5.30 mm); D, 35045-C (SVL: 5.67 mm). The structures painted in red represent the bones. The bars correspond to 1 mm.