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opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

Population assessment and foraging ecology of the rare solitary bee Anthophora retusa at Seaford Head Nature reserve

Anthophora retusa is a rare solitary bee which has declined throughout Britain and other European countries since the 1990s. It is thought to be restricted to five sites in Britain. However, information on these remaining populations is limited. Knowledge on population size, dispersal distance, habitat and forage requirements are important for successful conservation of species. The population of A. retusa at the Seaford Head Nature reserve in East Sussex was surveyed. Using mark recapture the population was estimated in 2018 and 2019 to be fewer than 200 individuals, with the male population increasing from 47 in 2018 to 167 in 2019. The female population was 44 in 2018 but due to zero recaptures in 2019, no population estimate was possible. Bees seem to be geographically restricted to a 25ha area within the reserve. The most visited flower species by females was Glechoma hederacea (66% of visits) but flower preference changed throughout the flight season, shifting to Fabaceae species and Iris foetidissima with 16 plant groups identified in pollen samples. Although the exact location of nesting sites was not determined with certainty it’s thought they are nesting in the loess deposits at the top of the inaccessible sea cliff face. The average distance between recaptures was 122m, perhaps indicating low dispersal. This project suggests the presence of appropriate nesting sites, potentially soft exposed soil, may be limiting A. retusa distribution as they appear to forage on common plant species. More research is needed on the exact nesting requirements of the species.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2020View details →

Checklist of the mosses of mountain ranges of the Pechora-Ilych State Nature Reserve (Northern Urals, Basins of the Pechora and Ilych Rivers)

The Checklist of the mosses of mountain ranges of the Pechora-Ilych State Nature Reserve (Northern Urals, Basins of the Pechora and Ilych Rivers) is presented. The Checklist includes 173 species of mosses from 78 genera and 33 families, which is almost half of the species diversity of mosses in the Pechora-Ilych State Nature Reserve (348 species ).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2014View details →

Figure 1 in Breeding ecology of the fulvous parrotbill (Paradoxornis fulvifrons) in Wawushan Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China

Figure 1. Full clutch laid in the nest of fulvous parrotbills.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Figure 2 in Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil

Figure 2. Cluster analysis comparing studies carried out in five other Brazilian states: (1) Graciolli & Bianconi (2007) in Paraná, (2) Santos et al. (2009) in Maranhão, (3) Bertola et al. (2005) in São Paulo, (4) Komeno & Linhares (1999) in Minas Gerais, (5) Graciolli & Coelho (2001) in Distrito Federal, (6) the present study in Rio de Janeiro and (7) França et al. (2013) in Rio de Janeiro II.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Jan 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from a Private Natural Heritage Reserve in southeastern Brazil

Figure 1. Location of the Bom Retiro Farm Private Natural Heritage Reserve (22°27′S, 42°18′W), Silva Jardim, Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2024View details →

Map of the Vegetation of the Natural Reserve of Monte Catillo (central Italy)

Map of the Vegetation of the Natural Reserve of Monte Catillo (central Italy)   Authors: Sabina Burrascano, Lorenzo Caucci, Giulio Ferrante  Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome Maria Vinci  Città metropolitana di Roma Capitale   Reference system: EPSG 3004 - Monte Mario / Italy zone 2 Spatial scale: the map was drawn at 1:2,000 Minimum Mapping Unit: 0.2 hectares Provided styles: use "Carta_vegetazione_aprile2024.qml" for Italian legend; or "Carta_veg_ENG.qml" for English legend   Vegetation maps has the purpose of assessing and representing the distribution and extension of the types of vegetation of an area, after investigating it through field surveys, both physiognomic (annotation of the dominant species) and floristic-vegetational (complete censuses of all vascular plant species). Vegetation maps have gained a major role in the Geographical Information Systems of national and local administrations, especially in protected areas, due to their usefulness as tools for environmental monitoring, management and territorial planning. The collaboration between the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital and the Department of Environmental Biology of Sapienza University of Rome has led, among other results, to the creation of a novel map of the vegetation of the Monte Catillo Natural Reserve, updating the pre-existing one which dates back to 20051. The new map was created at a spatial scale of 1:2,000 based on both orthophotos, i.e. aerial photos taken in 2014, and satellite images taken in 2022 and 2023. The minimum mapping unit was set at 0.2 hectares. A EUNIS code was assigned to each type of vegetation based on the correspondence between field observations and the habitat descriptions reported in the EUNIS database.  EUNIS (European Nature Information System) is a classification system developed by the European Environmental Agency for the description and categorization of habitat types in Europe to facilitate the exchange of information between European countries and improve the management and conservation of biodiversity at the continental level. The EUNIS system is used to classify natural, semi-natural and artificial habitats, as well as species and habitat types of importance for biodiversity conservation. It follows a hierarchical scheme that allows different levels of detail to be applied to each habitat based on the degree of correspondence between what was detected in the field and what is described in the classification. For example, a Mediterranean scrub habitat dominated by Pistacia lentiscus and Phyllyrea sp. could be classified as follows: Level 1: S - Heaths, scrub and tundra; Level 2: S5 - Maquis, shrub matorral and thermo-Mediterranean maquis; Level 3: S51 - Mediterranean scrub and shrubby matorral; Level 4: S512 - Shrubby matorral of Olea europaea and Pistacia lentiscus; Level 5: S5123 - Pistacia lentiscus and Phillyrea shrub matorral. If the species composition detected in the field does not reflect any of the features described at level 5, the habitat will be reported with a level 4 and so on. Due to the biogeographical peculiarities of the Monte Catillo Natural Reserve, a lack of correspondence was found for several vegetation types occurring within the Reserve. For example, no code has been found in the EUNIS system that identifies the cork oak (Quercus suber) forest with Styrax officinalis understorey. The same was true for the pseudomaquis vegetation for which the most detailed code indicates strictly Balkan species not present in Italy. The map was developed in a GIS (Geographic Information System) environment, and allows the extraction and analysis of quantitative data, such as the extension of the main types of vegetation which can thus be monitored over time even in response to specific disturbances such as intense fires that periodically affect the Reserve.   References 1. Provincia di Roma, (2006). Piano di assetto della Riserva Naturale di Monte Catillo. Approvato con Deliberazione del Commissario ad acta del 26 Novembre 2015 pubblicato sul BURL del 19 Gennaio 2016, n. 5, supplemento 2.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Cardamine pratensis early/late ecotype transects Dibbinsdale Nature Reserve 2012-2014

Phenological escape, whereby species alter the timing of life-history events to avoid seasonal antagonists, is usually analyzed either as a potential evolutionary outcome given current selection coefficients or as a realized outcome in response to known enemies. We here gain mechanistic insights into the evolutionary trajectory of phenological escape in the brassicaceous herb Cardamine pratensis, by comparing the flowering schedules of two sympatric ecotypes in different stages of a disruptive response to egg-laying pressure imposed by the pierid butterfly Anthocharis cardamines, whose larvae are pre-dispersal seed predators (reducing realized fecundity by ~70%). When the focal point of highest intensity selection (peak egg-laying) occurs early in the flowering schedule, selection for late flowering dependent on reduced egg-laying combined with selection for early flowering dependent on reduced predator survival results in a symmetrical bimodal flowering curve; when the focal point occurs late, an asymmetrical flowering curve results with a large early flowering mode due to selection for reduced egg-laying augmented by selection for infested plants to outrun larval development and dehisce before seed-pod consumption. Unequal selection pressures on high and low fecundity ramets, due to asynchronous flowering and morphologically targeted (size-dependent) egg-laying, constrain phenological escape, with bimodal flowering evolving primarily in response to disruptive selection on high fecundity phenotypes. These results emphasize the importance of analyzing variation in selection coefficients among morphological phenotypes over the entire flowering schedule to predict how populations will evolve in response to altered phenologies resulting from climate change.

Figure 7 in A contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna of Maputo Special Reserve, Mozambique from African Natural History Research Trust expeditions (Papilionoidea)

Figure 7 – Gretna carmen capra ♂ habitus. Dorsal (A), ventral (B). Scale bar = 1cm.

Figure 6 in A contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna of Maputo Special Reserve, Mozambique from African Natural History Research Trust expeditions (Papilionoidea)

Figure 6 – Acraea nohara halali ♂ habitus. Dorsal (A), ventral (B). Scale bar = 1cm.

Figure 5 in A contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna of Maputo Special Reserve, Mozambique from African Natural History Research Trust expeditions (Papilionoidea)

Figure 5 – Iolaus lulua ♂ habitus. Dorsal (A), ventral (B). Scale bar = 1cm

Figure 4 in A contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna of Maputo Special Reserve, Mozambique from African Natural History Research Trust expeditions (Papilionoidea)

Figure 4 – Deloneura millari ♂ habitus. Dorsal (A), ventral (B). Scale bar = 1cm

Figure 2 in A contribution to the knowledge of the butterfly fauna of Maputo Special Reserve, Mozambique from African Natural History Research Trust expeditions (Papilionoidea)

Figure 2 – Afrogegenes letterstedti ♀ habitus. Dorsal (A), ventral (B). Scale bar = 1cm.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2024View details →

Wildlife Diversity and the Impact of Human Disturbance on Activity Patterns: A Case Study of the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China

This version updates the dataset to reflect revised analyses in the resubmitted manuscript to Ecology and Evolution. Title: Data and Code for "Wildlife Diversity and the Impact of Human Disturbance on Activity Patterns: A Case Study of the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China" Description: This dataset contains the raw data and R scripts used to generate specific figures in the manuscript "Wildlife Diversity and the Impact of Human Disturbance on Activity Patterns: A Case Study of the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China," submitted to Ecology and Evolution. The data were collected from infrared camera traps deployed in the Labagoumen Nature Reserve, Beijing, China, between 2019 and 2022. The dataset includes species detection records, timestamps, and information relevant to assessing the effects of human disturbance on wildlife activity patterns. The accompanying R scripts facilitate data processing, statistical analyses, and figure generation, enabling reproduction of the key results. This dataset may be useful for researchers interested in spatiotemporal wildlife monitoring, human-wildlife interactions, and disturbance ecology. Contents: <ul> <li>raw data (Excel format, <code>.xlsx</code>)</li> <li>R scripts for data analysis and figure generation of Figures 3-5 (from the raw data file "raw data.xlsx") (Text format, .doc).</li> <li> Figure 1: Created using ArcMap 10.8 software and Photoshop software. ArcMap 10.8 software was used for processing spatial data and map creation, while Photoshop was used for post-processing and image enhancement. </li> <li> Figure 2 and Appendix Figure. A1: Designed and modified using Photoshop software. </li> </ul>

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Data from: Participatory mapping reveals biocultural and nature values in the shared landscape of a Nordic UNESCO Biosphere Reserve

1. Making the right decisions for sustainable development requires sound knowledge of the values and spatial distribution of the services co-produced by ecosystems and people. UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere programme and associated Biosphere Reserves (BRs) are key learning sites or model regions for sustainable development providing key entry points for transdisciplinary work on sustainable development. However, there is limited research exploring spatial distribution of socio-cultural Ecosystem Service (ES) values in BRs and how those values vary according to the BR zonation. 2. We used a transdisciplinary approach to design and implement a public participation geographic information systems (PPGIS) survey in a recently designated BR to (i) asses the spatial distribution of ES values in the different zones, (ii) identify hotspots of ES values, (iii) identify spatial bundles of ES values, and (iv) assess the social-ecological characteristics that determine the distribution of those values. 3. We found that stakeholders identify high biocultural ES values, mapping predominantly places for outdoor recreation, biodiversity, agricultural products, and cultural heritage. Buffer zones had high agricultural and cultural heritage values while extractive values were largely absent from cores zones. We identified five spatial ES-value bundles highlighting distinct places important for ES values related to: 'multifunctional landscapes' located close to settlements, 'cultural landscapes' associated with agricultural land, 'wild animal resources' along the coastlines, 'outdoor recreation and biodiversity' and 'passive cultural values' widely distributed in high and moderately populated areas. 4. Accessibility to nature was highly important for ES values and people highly value nature close to where they live. We show the importance of biocultural values in the region, and agricultural landscapes were highly valued for multiple ES values beyond agricultural products alone. 5. We show that BRs have become places that link cultural heritage, agricultural, and biodiversity values in multifunctional landscapes. We put our findings into the local context and suggest how they can inform land-use planning and management through policies aimed at maintaining key agricultural landscapes that provide social-ecological resilience. Additionally, we discuss the value of our study for the wider BR network and how similar work can contribute to monitoring of BR implementation.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

From nature reserve to mosaic management: improving matrix survival, not permeability, benefits regional populations under habitat loss and fragmentation

Although matrix improvement in fragmented landscapes is a promising conservation measure, matrix permeability (willingness of an organism to enter the matrix) and movement survival in the matrix are usually aggregated. Consequently, it is unknown which matrix property needs to be improved. It also remains unclear whether matrix upgrading from dispersal passage to providing reproduction opportunities has large conservation benefits and whether there are interactive effects between habitat and matrix management. We examined matrix effects on regional populations across a gradient of habitat loss and fragmentation using simulation experiments that integrated demographic processes and movement modeling based on circuit theory. We separately modified the levels of matrix permeability and movement survival to evaluate their individual effects. We also altered the amount and configuration of not only habitat but also improved matrix to assess their effects on population vital rates (size, survival and density). In binary landscapes comprising habitat and unimproved matrix, matrix movement survival had larger effects on population vital rates than matrix permeability. Increasing movement survival increased vital rates, yet, increasing matrix permeability decreased vital rates. Increased permeability required corresponding increased movement survival to offset potential negative population outcomes. When subsets of the matrix functioning as dispersal passage only (where no reproduction opportunities existed) were improved, increasing matrix permeability but holding movement survival constant reduced all vital rates, especially with increasing habitat fragmentation. In contrast, when movement survival increased, vital rates increased given strong habitat fragmentation. The benefits of upgrading dispersal passage to provide reproduction opportunities for population survival were greatest when habitat amount was moderate. We also found synergetic effects between amounts of habitat and improved matrix, and the benefits of matrix improvement were promoted when improvement was achieved in a spatially aggregated manner. Synthesis and applications: Matrix improvement and connectivity modeling aimed at increasing movement survival will likely bring larger conservation benefits than those for improving permeability alone. Buffering and connecting habitat remnants with improved matrix could provide benefits as long as movement survival is increased. Simultaneous implementation of habitat management and matrix improvement would yield synergistic conservation benefits.

opencc-by-4.0May 2018View details →

Fig.1 in Great Grey Owl Strix Nebulosa (Strigiformes, Strigidae) Breeding And Reproduction In Polisskiy Nature Reserve, Ukraine

Fig.1. Correlation between clutch size and start of egg-laying.

opencc-zeroJun 2024View details →

Human activities data in Wolong National Nature Reserve

Wolong National Nature Reserve (hereafter Wolong) is an internationally renowned giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) reserve. Meanwhile, the reserve is also a popular tourist destination in Giant Panda National Park. It encompasses two major towns, Wolong and Gengda, home to approximately 5,000 residents. Agriculture, tourist economy, and livestock grazing remain important income sources for the residents. Here, we combine ongoing survey data on human activity areas in Wolong and make two layers of major human activities in Wolong. The two datasets are human pressure and livestock grazing. Among them, the human pressure layer combines roads and settlement data. We use this dataset to reflect the extent of human activities in Wolong and as an important indicator to assess its interference with wildlife.