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FIGURE 2–12 in Small diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in cultures from the Styx River, New Zealand, including descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 2–12. Cyclotella meneghiniana, strain LCR-S:46:3, CHR618421. Scales: Fig. 2, 10 µm; Fig. 3, 5 µm (use in Figs 3–8); all others, 1 µm. Fig. 2. Live cells viewed by LM in valve, oblique, and girdle views (marginal spines are visible on oblique cell). Figs 3–8. Cleaned frustules viewed by LM, showing size variation and length of costae (Figs 7, 8, through-focus image pair of cells in girdle view). Figs 9–12. Cleaned frustules viewed by SEM. Fig. 9, whole frustule in slightly oblique valve view; Fig. 10, ornamentation in the presence and absence of marginal fultoportulae; Fig. 11, valve interior showing central fultoportulae and rimoportula; Fig. 12, higher magnification view showing structure of central fultoportulae.

FIGURE 42–51 in Small diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in cultures from the Styx River, New Zealand, including descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 42–51. Nitzschia dravaillensis, strain LCR-S:37:3, CHR618409. Scales: Fig. 42, 10 µm; Fig. 49, 5 µm (use for Figs 43–49); Fig. 50, 1 µm; Fig. 51, 0.5 µm. Fig. 42. Live cells viewed by LM. Figs 43–49. Cleaned frustules viewed by LM, showing size variation, and median fibulae visible in 43. Fig. 50. SEM of cleaned frustule showing raphe canals on opposite margins, and median fibulae. Fig. 51. TEM of cleaned frustule showing median fibulae and raphe with central termini.

FIGURE 97–111 in Small diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in cultures from the Styx River, New Zealand, including descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 97–111. Navicula veneta, strain LCR-S:2:2:1, CHR618416. Scales: Fig 97, 10 µm; Fig. 98, 5 µm (use for Figs 98–104); Fig. 109, 1 µm (use for Figs 106–109), all others 1 µm. Fig. 97. Live cells viewed by LM, showing paired parietal plastids close against valve margins. Fig. 98–104. Cleaned frustules viewed by LM (girdle view in Fig. 104). Figs 105–111. SEM of cleaned frustules. Fig. 105, whole frustule, showing elongated, longitudinally aligned areolae; Figs 106–109, widened central area of four valves, showing hooked central raphe termini; Figs 110, 111, valve apices showing hooked raphe termini and pattern of areolae.

FIGURE 65–75 in Small diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in cultures from the Styx River, New Zealand, including descriptions of three new species

FIGURE 65–75. Gomphonema parvulum, strain LCR-S:22:1, CHR618413. Scales: Fig. 65, 10 µm; Fig. 66, 5 µm (use for Figs 66–71), all others 1 µm. Fig. 65. Live cells in valve and girdle views by LM. Figs 66–71. Cleaned frustules viewed by LM, with single stigma visible in some valves (girdle view in Fig. 71). Figs 72–75. SEM of cleaned valves. Fig. 72, valve exterior showing stigma; Fig. 73, valve interior showing helictoglossae; Fig. 74, external view of footpole showing apical porefield; Fig. 75, internal view of footpole showing apical porefield and helictoglossa.

FIGURES 1 in A new genus and species in the diatom family Eunotiaceae Kützing (Bacillariophyceae) from the Amazonian hydrographic region, Brazil

FIGURES 1: A–E. Light microscopy, Valve views. Figure 1B is of the holotype. Figures 1A-C are typical valves. Figures 1D, 1E are of deformed valves. Scale bar = 20 µm.

FIGURES 4A–E. SEM, valve interior. Fig. 4A in A new genus and species in the diatom family Eunotiaceae Kützing (Bacillariophyceae) from the Amazonian hydrographic region, Brazil

FIGURES 4A–E. SEM, valve interior. Fig. 4A. Valve view. Scale bar = 20 µm. Figs 4B-D showing apex of valve with raphe branch, helictoglossa and rimoportulae evident. Fig. 4E. Central portion of the valve with interruption of striae evident in the center of the valve. Scale bars = 2 µm for figures 4B–D.

FIGURE 5 in A new genus and species in the diatom family Eunotiaceae Kützing (Bacillariophyceae) from the Amazonian hydrographic region, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic hypothesis of the evolutionary relationships within the Eunotiophycidae, and to other pennate groups. Short, horizontal bars indicate putative synapomorphies for the particular level of evolutionary branching.

FIGURES 3A–C. SEM, valve exterior. Figs 3A, 3B in A new genus and species in the diatom family Eunotiaceae Kützing (Bacillariophyceae) from the Amazonian hydrographic region, Brazil

FIGURES 3A–C. SEM, valve exterior. Figs 3A, 3B are of the valve apex showing the raphe, presence of siliceouis nodules and spinules on the valve face and external openings of rimoportulae. Fig. 3C. Valve center showing sternum positioned about at the center of the valve. Areolae are small, round. Scale bars = 2 µm for all figures.

FIGURES 2A–E in A new genus and species in the diatom family Eunotiaceae Kützing (Bacillariophyceae) from the Amazonian hydrographic region, Brazil

FIGURES 2A–E. Light microscopy of valve detail. Figs 2A-C show end of valve with rimoportulae present. Figs 2A and 2B are of typical valves, figs 2C and 2D are of deformed valves. Fig. 2E is taken in the valve center. Scale bars = 10 µm.

FIGURES 96–107 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 96–107: Figs. 96–102: Lyrella aestimata comb. nov. Figs 96–101: Valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 102: Internal view, SEM, scale bar = 8 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (Golubaya Bay, Dvujakornaya Bay, Vitino coast). Figs 103–107: Lyrella rudiformis comb. nov., valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (Golubaya Bay, Karadag, Zernov's Phyllophorae Field).

FIGURES 86–95 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 86–95: Lyrella majuscula. Figs 86–92: Valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Figs 93, 94: Internal view, SEM, scale bar = 6 µm and 9 µm, respectively. Specimens from the Black Sea (Omega Bay, Cape Feolent, Balaklava Bay, Dvujakornaya Bay). Fig. 95: Lyrella spectabilis, valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Specimen from the Black Sea (Dvujakornaya Bay).

FIGURES 68–74 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 68–74: Figs 68–70: Lyrella clavata, valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (Omega Bay, Laspi Bay). Fig. 71: reproduction of line-drawing published by Schmidt et al. (1874–1959: pl. 3, fig. 13, as Navicula clavata var. elliptica), scale bar = 10 µm. Figs 72, 73: Lyrella fogedii, valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 74: Lyrella cf. fogedii, SEM, external view, scale bar = 8 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (Balaklava Bay, Omega Bay, Laspi Bay).

FIGURES 81–85 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 81–85: Lyrella lyroides. Figs 81-84: Valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (Omega Bay, Golubaya Bay, Karadag, Vitino coast). Fig. 85: Reproduction of published line-drawing by Hendey (1964: pl. 33: 3, as Navicula lyroides), scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 59–65 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 59–65: Lyrella dilatata comb. nov., stat. nov. LM images. Figs 59, 61–64: Valve view, scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 60: Lyrella cf. dilatata, Valve view, scale bar = 10 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (Sevastopol Bay, Cape Feolent, Vitino coast, Balaklava Bay). Fig. 65: reproduction of published line-drawing by Schmidt et al. (1874–1959: pl. 2, fig. 26, as Navicula lyra var. dilatata); scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 57, 58 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 57, 58: Lyrella atlantica. SEM images. Figs 57, 58: external view, note structure of lateral areas, scale bar = 20 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (Omega Bay, Cape Feolent).

FIGURES 50–56 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 50–56: Lyrella atlantica. Figs 50–53: Valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Figs 54, 55: Internal view, SEM, scale bar = 10 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (Omega Bay, Balaklava Bay, Cape Feolent). Fig. 56: reproduction of published line-drawing by Schmidt et al. (1874–1959: pl. 2, fig. 33 as Navicula lyra var. atlantica); scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 44–49. Lyrella barbara. Figs 44–47 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 44–49. Lyrella barbara. Figs 44–47: Valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 48: External view, note girdle bands bearing a single row of areolae and fine structure of lateral areas, SEM, scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 49: Internal view, note occlusions of areolae irregular in shape, and structureless internal surface of lateral areas, SEM, scale bar = 10 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (Balaklava Bay, Omega Bay, Cape Feolent).

FIGURES 27–29 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 27–29: Lyrella ruppelii sp. nov. SEM images. Fig. 27: External view, note the slit-like irregular ornamentation of the lateral areas, scale bar = 20 µm. Fig. 28: Internal view, scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 29: Internal view, note that the lateral areas are structureless at the valve interior, scale bar = 8 µm. Specimens from the Black Sea (NWBS, Zernov' Phyllophorae field).

FIGURES 37–43 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 37–43: Figs 37–40: Lyrella pseudolyra sp. nov. Valve view, LM, scale bar = 10 µm. Holotype is illustrated in Fig. 39. Specimens from the Black Sea (Omega Bay, Laspi Bay) Figs 41–43: Lyrella lyra. Fig. 41: Valve from preparation No. 170407-b white (BHUPM, lectotype of Navicula lyra designated in Jahn et al. 2004: fig. 3; scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 42: Reproduction of published line-drawing by Schmidt et al. (1874–1959: pl. 2, fig. 16 as the type of Navicula lyra). Fig. 43: Reproduction of published line-drawings by C.G. Ehrenberg, sheet No. 2046 in BHUPM by Jahn et al. 2004: fig. 2.

FIGURES 30–36 in A revision of the diatom genus Lyrella Karayeva (Bacillariophyta: Lyrellaceae) from the Black Sea, with descriptions of five new species

FIGURES 30–36: Figs 30-35: Lyrella karayevae sp. nov. Fig. 30: Valve view, LM, 630×, scale bar = 10 µm. Figs 31–34: Valve view, LM, 1000×, scale bar = 10 µm. Fig. 35: External view, SEM, scale bar = 10 µm. Holotype is illustrated in Fig. 31. Specimens from the Black Sea (Omega Bay, Laspi Bay, Balaklava Bay, Golubaya Bay). Fig. 36: Lyrella granulata comb. nov., stat. nov.: Reproduction of published line-drawing by Schmidt et al. 1874: pl. 3, fig. 3 as Navicula hennedyi var. granulata, scale bar = 10 µm.