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918 results for “oceanic islands”
Data from: Long-term stasis and short-term divergence in the phenotypes of microsnails on oceanic islands
Phenotypic divergence is often unrelated to genotypic divergence. An extreme example is rapid phenotypic differentiation despite genetic similarity. Another extreme is morphological stasis despite substantial genetic divergence. These opposite patterns have been viewed as reflecting opposite properties of the lineages. In this study, phenotypic radiation accompanied by both rapid divergence and long-term conservatism is documented in the inferred molecular phylogeny of the micro land snails Cavernacmella (Assimineidae) on the Ogasawara Islands. The populations of Cavernacmella on the Sekimon limestone outcrop of Hahajima Island showed marked divergence in shell morphology. Within this area, one lineage diversified into types with elongated turret shells, conical shells and flat disc-like shells without substantial genetic differentiation. Additionally, a co-occurring species with these types developed a much larger shell size. Moreover, a lineage adapted to live inside caves in this area. In contrast, populations in the other areas exhibited no morphological differences despite high genetic divergence among populations. Accordingly, the phenotypic evolution of Cavernacmella in Ogasawara is characterized by a pattern of long-term stasis and periodic bursts of change. This pattern suggests that even lineages with phenotypic conservatism could shift to an alternative state allowing rapid phenotypic divergence.
Data from: Staying close to home? Genetic differentiation of rough-toothed dolphins near oceanic islands in the central Pacific Ocean
Rough-toothed dolphins have a worldwide tropical and subtropical distribution, yet little is known about the population structure and social organization of this typically open-ocean species. Although it has been assumed that pelagic dolphins range widely due to the lack of apparent barriers and unpredictable prey distribution, recent evidence suggests rough-toothed dolphins exhibit fidelity to some oceanic islands. Using the most comprehensively extensive dataset for this species to date, we assess the isolation and interchange of rough-toothed dolphins at the regional and oceanic scale within the central Pacific Ocean. Using mtDNA and microsatellite genotyping (nDNA), we analyzed samples of insular communities from the main Hawaiian (Kaua'i n = 93, O'ahu n = 9, Hawai'i n = 57), French Polynesian (n = 70) and Samoan (n = 16) archipelagos, and pelagic samples off the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (n = 18). An overall AMOVA indicated strong genetic differentiation among islands (mtDNA FST = 0.265; p < 0.001; nDNA FST = 0.038; p < 0.001), as well as among archipelagos (mtDNA FST = 0.299; p < 0.001; nDNA FST = 0.055; p < 0.001). Shared haplotypes (n = 4) between the archipelagos may be a product of a relatively recent divergence and/or periodic exchange from poorly understood pelagic populations. Analyses using STRUCTURE and GENELAND identified four separate management units among archipelagos and within the Hawaiian Islands. These results confirm the presence of multiple insular populations within the Pacific and island-specific genetic isolation among populations attached to islands in each archipelago. Insular populations seem most prevalent where oceanographic conditions indicate high local productivity or a discontinuity with surrounding oligotrophic areas. Our findings have important implications for a little studied species that faces increasing anthropogenic threats around oceanic islands.
FIGURE 5. Metaprotella mauritiensis n in The Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Mauritius Island, Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 5. Metaprotella mauritiensis n. sp. A, maxilliped; B, lower lip; C, upper lip; D, right mandible; E, left mandible; F, maxilla 2; G, maxilla 1. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 10 in The Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Mauritius Island, Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 10. Orthoprotella australis (Haswell, 1880). Lateral view. A, male; B, female. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURE 4. Metaprotella mauritiensis n in The Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Mauritius Island, Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 4. Metaprotella mauritiensis n. sp. Lateral view. A, holotype male; B, paratype male; C, allotype female. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURE 6. Metaprotella mauritiensis n in The Caprellidea (Crustacea: Amphipoda) from Mauritius Island, Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 6. Metaprotella mauritiensis n. sp. A–D, male. A, antenna 1; B, antenna 2; C, gnathopod 1; D, gnathopod 2. E, female gnathopod 2. Scale bars: A,C,E: 1 mm; B: 0.2 mm; D: 0.5 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Gymnothorax hansi, a new species of moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Comoro Islands, Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 1. Gymnothorax hansi sp. nov. holotype, 101 cm TL, male, photographed shortly after death and before preservation.
FIGURE 2 in Gymnothorax hansi, a new species of moray eel (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) from the Comoro Islands, Western Indian Ocean
FIGURE 2. Gymnothorax hansi sp. nov. paratype, 101 cm TL, female, photographed shortly after death and before preservation.
FIGURES 18–23 in Gone with the wind: westward dispersal across the Indian Ocean and island speciation in Hemicordulia dragonflies (Odonata: Corduliidae)
FIGURES 18–23. Distribution of discussed genera. The courses of storms from May to November in the northern hemisphere and November to May in the southern hemisphere are indicated by arrows (after Times Books 1997). (18) Hemicordulia and Procordulia dragonflies, pale shading: main range in Australasia and Pacific; dark shading: H. africana n. sp.; crosses and pale shading: H. similis; square: H. virens; circle: H. atrovirens n. sp.; (19) Teinobasis damselflies, pale shading: main range in Australasia and Pacific; dark shading: T. alluaudi; (20) Collocalia swiftlets; (21) Copsychus magpie robins; (22) Hypsipetes bulbuls; (23) Pteropus flying foxes.
FIGURES 2–11. 2–6 in Gone with the wind: westward dispersal across the Indian Ocean and island speciation in Hemicordulia dragonflies (Odonata: Corduliidae)
FIGURES 2–11. 2–6, Male appendages of Hemicordulia species in dorsal view. (2) H. asiatica; (3) H. virens; (4) H. atrovirens n. sp.; (5) H. similis; (6) H. africana n. sp.; 7–11, Male appendages of Hemicordulia species in lateral view. (7) H. asiatica; (8) H. virens; (9) H. atrovirens n. sp.; (10) H. similis; (11) H. africana n. sp.
FIGURES 12–17. Vulvar scale and S9 in Gone with the wind: westward dispersal across the Indian Ocean and island speciation in Hemicordulia dragonflies (Odonata: Corduliidae)
FIGURES 12–17. Vulvar scale and S9 of Hemicordulia species in ventral view. (12) H. asiatica; (13) H. virens; (14) H. atrovirens n. sp.; (15) aberrant H. similis (cf. Fraser 1949); (16) typical H. similis; (17) H. africana n. sp.
FIGURES 24–25 in Gone with the wind: westward dispersal across the Indian Ocean and island speciation in Hemicordulia dragonflies (Odonata: Corduliidae)
FIGURES 24–25. Geographic (24) and altitudinal (25) distribution of H. africana n. sp. relative to large water bodies. Filled circles are known records (present paper), open circles forested localities near large waterbodies that have recently been intensively surveyed by V. Clausnitzer (pers. comm.), except Mbala by Pinhey (1984). Many sites in the region away from large water bodies have also been researched. A line connects each site to the altitude of the nearest large water body.
FIGURE 13 in Melitids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of the genera Ceradocus and Mallacoota from Rodrigues Island (Indian Ocean)
FIGURE 13. Mallacoota magnimerus sp. nov., male holotype, 4.8 mm, Grand Pate, Mathurin Bay, AM P 73607. Scales: a = 0.5 mm (A1, G2), b = 0.2 mm (A2, enlargement of G2), c = 0.2 mm (G1).
FIGURE 12 in Melitids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of the genera Ceradocus and Mallacoota from Rodrigues Island (Indian Ocean)
FIGURE 12. Mallacoota magnimerus sp. nov., male holotype, 4.8 mm, Grande Pate, Mathurin Bay, AM P 73607; male paratype, 4.4 mm (MX2, T), Grande Pate, Mathurin Bay, AM P 73609. Scales: a = 0.1 mm (MX1, MX2, LL, Md), b = 0.1 mm (U1–U3), c = 0.05 mm (MXPp), d = 0.05 mm (T).
FIGURE 11 in Melitids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of the genera Ceradocus and Mallacoota from Rodrigues Island (Indian Ocean)
FIGURE 11. Mallacoota magnimerus sp. nov., male holotype, 4.8 mm, Grande Pate, Mathurin Bay, AM P 73607. Scale bar = 0.5 mm (P3–P7).
FIGURE 10 in Melitids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of the genera Ceradocus and Mallacoota from Rodrigues Island (Indian Ocean)
FIGURE 10. Mallacoota magnimerus sp. nov., male holotype, 4.8 mm, Grande Pate, AM P 73607, female paratype, 4.8 mm, Grande Pate, Mathurin Bay, AM P 73608. Scales: a = 1 mm (whole specimen), b = 0.5 mm (female G1, female G2, female P7), c = 0.2 mm (enlargement of female G2).
FIGURE 5 in Melitids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of the genera Ceradocus and Mallacoota from Rodrigues Island (Indian Ocean)
FIGURE 5. Ceradocus cotonensis sp. nov., male holotype, 7.6 mm, Pointe Coton, AM P 73600; male paratype, 5.5 mm (U3), Grande Pate, Mathurin Bay, AM P 73602. Scales: a = 1 mm (Pleonites 1, 2, 3), b = 0.4 mm (U3), c = 0.2 mm (U1, U2, enlargement of pleonite 3), d = 0.1 mm (outer margin of U2, T).
FIGURE 4 in Melitids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of the genera Ceradocus and Mallacoota from Rodrigues Island (Indian Ocean)
FIGURE 4. Ceradocus cotonensis sp. nov., male holotype, 7.6 mm, Pointe Coton, AM P 73600. Scales: a = 1 mm (P5, P6, P7), b = 0.5 mm (P3, P4, G1, G2).
FIGURE 9 in Melitids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of the genera Ceradocus and Mallacoota from Rodrigues Island (Indian Ocean)
FIGURE 9. Ceradocus oliveri sp. nov, female paratype, 5.1 mm, Passe Ile des Fou, AM P 73604. Scales: a = 0.4 mm (G1, lt G2), b = 0.4 mm (rG2).
FIGURE 2 in Melitids (Crustacea: Amphipoda) of the genera Ceradocus and Mallacoota from Rodrigues Island (Indian Ocean)
FIGURE 2. Ceradocus shoalsi sp. nov., male holotype, 4 mm, Ile des Fou, AM P 73596; female paratype, 4 mm, Ile des Fou, AM P 73598. Scales: a = 0.5 mm (P5, P6, P7, female P7), b = 0.1 mm (MX2), c = 0.2 mm (Md, D7, T), d = 0.2 mm (P3, P4, U1, U2), e = 0.1 mm (D4).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.