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Figure 12 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 12. Right manual ungual phalanx of digit I in A,C, ventral, and B,D, lateral views. A-B, Megaraptor; C-D, Australovenator and schematic representation in E,G, ventral, and F,H, lateral views. E-F, Megaraptor; G-H, Australovenator. Scale bar: 2 cm. Abbreviations: ff, flexor facets.

Figure 10. Right manual phalanx 1 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 10. Right manual phalanx 1 of digit I in ventral view and schematic representations of Megaraptor (A, C), Australovenator (B,D). Scale bar: 2 cm. Note the well-developed longitudinal ventral furrow.

Figure 9 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 9. Proximal end of right phalanx I.1 of A, Megaraptor; B, Australovenator; C, Allosaurus; D, Tyrannosaurus (modified from Brochu, 2003); and E, Deinonychus (modified from Ostrom, 1969). Not to scale.

Figure 6 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 6. Left manus in dorsal view of A, Dilophosaurus (modified from Welles, 1980); B, Allosaurus; C, Megaraptor; D, Sinocalliopteryx; E, Tanycolagreus (modified from Carpenter et al., 2005); F, Deinonychus (modified from Ostrom, 1969); G, Scipionyx (modified from Dal Sasso and Maganuco, 2011); H, Guanlong (modified from Xu et al., 2009); and I, Sinosauropteryx (modified from Currie and Chen, 2001). Not to scale.

Figure 11 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 11. Right manual ungual phalanx of digit I in ventral view and schematic representation of Megaraptor (A,C); and Australovenator (B,D). Not to scale.

Figure 8. A-C in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 8. A-C, left first metacarpal in dorsal view of A, Megaraptor, B, Australovenator, and C, Rapator; D-F, proximal view of left metacarpus of D, Guanlong (modified from Xu et al.,2009), E, Tanycolagreus (modified from Carpenter et al., 2005), and F, Deinonychus (modified from Ostrom, 1969); G-H, proximal view of right first metacarpal of G, Rapator, and H, Australovenator. Not to scale. Abbreviations: pdp, proximomedial process; vpI, ventral process of metacarpal I; vpII, ventral process of metacarpal II.

Figure 7. Right metacarpals II and I in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 7. Right metacarpals II and I in dorsal view of A, Acrocanthosaurus (modified from Currie and Carpenter, 2000); B, Torvosaurus (modified from Galton and Jensen, 1979); C, Megaraptor; D, Deinonychus (modified from Ostrom, 1969); E, Guanlong (modified from Xu et al., 2009). Not to scale. Abbreviations: ep, extensor pit; pdp, proximomedial process; ps, proximolateral surface.

Figure 5 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 5. Left "semilunate" carpal in proximal (upper row) and dorsal (lower row) of A, Allosaurus, B, Acrocanthosaurus (modified from Currie and Carpenter, 2000); C, Megaraptor; D, Guanlong (modified from Xu et al., 2014); E, Ornitholestes (mofiied from Carpenter et al., 2005); F, Tanycolagreus (modified from Carpenter et al., 2005); G, Alxasaurus (modified from Xu et al., 2014); H, Deinonychus (modified from Ostrom, 1969); and I, Australovenator (modified from White et al., 2012). Not to scale. Abbreviations: ag, anterior groove; dp, distal projections.

Figure 3 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 3. Left manus of Megaraptor namunhuaiquii (MUCPv 341) in dorsal view (A) and schematicrepresentation (B). Scale bar: 1 cm.

Figure 4 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 4. Left manus of (A,C), Allosaurus fragilis, and (B,D), Australovenator wintonensis in (A,B) dorsal, and (C,D) ventral views. Not to scale. B,D, mofied from White et al. (2012).

Figure 2 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 2. Distal end of humerus in anterior (A,C,E,G,I,K,) and distal (B,D,F,H,J,L) views of Australovenator (A,B), Allosaurus (C,D), Xuanhanosaurus (E,F), Chilantaisaurus (G,H), Guanlong (I,J), and Coelurus (K,L). Not to scale. A,B, modified from White et al. (2012). G,H, modified from Benson and Xu (2008).

Figure 1 in Phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous Gondwanan theropods Megaraptor and Australovenator: the evidence afforded by their manual anatomy

Figure 1. Humerus in lateral (C-I) and medial (A-B,J) views of: A, Megaraptor (MUCPv 341), B, Australovenator, C, Allosaurus, D, Acrocanthosaurus, E, Coelurus, F, Ornitholestes, G, Xuanhanosaurus, H, Torvosaurus, and I, Baryonyx. J, Fukuiraptor. B, modified from White et al. (2012). D, modified from Currie and Carpenter (2000). H, modified from Galton and Jensen (1979). I, modified from Charing and Milner (1997). Scale bar: 5cm. Abbreviations: it, internal tuberosity; lf, longitudinal furrow.

Fig. 7 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 7. Cladogram showing relationships of the Characidae obtained with the Examined Matrix. Node numbers correspond to those cited on the text.

Fig. 4 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 4. Premaxilla and maxilla of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, medial view, anterior to left. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 3. Premaxilla of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, ventral view, medial to right. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 2. Lower jaw and part of the suspensorium of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, lateral view, anterior to left. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 6. Premaxilla and part of the maxilla of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, medial view, anterior to left. Scale bar = 1 mm. Arrow indicates the ligament between middle length of ascendant maxillary process and the premaxilla, described in the character 378.

Fig. 5 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 5. Cranium and pectoral girdle of Carlastyanax aurocaudatus, CI-FML 5015, 44.4 mm SL, lateral view, anterior to left. Gill skeleton and right suspensorium removed. Scale bar = 5 mm.

Fig. 8 in Phylogenetic relationships of the enigmatic Carlastyanax aurocaudatus (Eigenmann) with remarks on the phylogeny of the Stevardiinae (Teleostei: Characidae)

Fig. 8. Detail of the cladogram obtained with the Extended Matrix. Clade 353 corresponds to the clade with the same number in Fig. 7.