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10,006 results for “randomness”
MetaComNet: A random forest-based framework for making spatial prediction of plant-pollinator interactions
<p>1. Predicting plant-pollinator interaction networks over space and time will improve our understanding of how environmental change is likely to impact the functioning of ecosystems. Here we propose a framework for producing spatially explicit predictions of the occurrence and number of pairwise plant-pollinator interactions and of the species richness, diversity, and abundance of pollinators visiting flowers. We call the framework 'MetaComNet' because it aims to link metacommunity dynamics to the assembly of ecological networks.</p> <p>2. To illustrate the MetaComNet functionality, we used a dataset on bee-flower networks sampled at 16 sites in southeast Norway along with random forest models to predict bee-flower interactions. We included variables associated with climatic conditions (elevation) and habitat availability within a 250m radius of each site. Regional commonness, site-specific distance to conspecifics, social guild, and floral preference were included as bee traits. Each plant species was assigned a score reflecting its site-specific abundance, and four scores reflecting the bee species that the plant family is known to attract. We used leave-one-out cross-validations to assess the models' ability to predict pairwise plant-bee interactions across the landscape.</p> <p>3. The relationship between observed occurrence or absence of interactions and the predicted probability of interactions was nearly proportional (GLMlogistic regression slope = 1.09), matching the data well (AUC = 0.88), and explained 30% of the variation. Predicted probability of interactions was also correlated with the number of observed pairwise interactions (r = 0.32). The sum of predicted probabilities of bee-flower interactions were positively correlated with observed species richness (r = 0.50), diversity (r = 0.48), and abundance (r = 0.42) of wild bees interacting with plant species within sites.</p> <p>4. Our findings show that the MetaComNet framework can be a useful approach for making spatially explicit predictions and mapping plant-pollinator interactions. Such predictions have the potential to identify areas where the pollination potential for wild plants is particularly high, and where conservation action should be directed to preserve this ecosystem function.</p>
More random numbers
Random numbers used to showcase showyourwork!<br><br>Created using <a href="https://github.com/rodluger/showyourwork">showyourwork</a> from <a href="https://github.com/rodluger/showyourwork-template/tree/80752fbc03784089b4485935a974f4de2751a252">this GitHub repo</a> using the following command:<br><br><pre><code class="language-bash">cd src/analysis && bash random.sh</code></pre><br>
Source data for "Non-Telecentric two-photon microscopy for 3D random access mesoscale 2 imaging"
<p>Source data used in a manuscript "Non-Telecentric two-photon microscopy for 3D random access mesoscale 2 imaging"</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Association between prenatal provision of lipid‐based nutrient supplements and cesarean delivery: Findings from a randomized controlled trial in Malawi
<p>Data set for a published manuscript on Maternal & Child Nutrition.</p> <p><strong>ABSTRACT:</strong> In populations with a high prevalence of childhood and adolescent undernutrition, supplementation during pregnancy aiming at improving maternal nutritional status and preventing fetal growth restriction might theoretically lead to cephalopelvic disproportion and delivery complications. We investigated whether the prenatal provision of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) was associated with an increased risk of caesarean section (CS) or other delivery complications. Pregnant Malawian women were randomised to receive daily i) iron–folic acid (IFA) capsule (control), ii) multiple micronutrient (MMN) capsule of 18 micronutrients (second control), or iii) SQ-LNS with similar micronutrients as MMN, plus four minerals and macronutrients contributing 118 kcal. We analysed the associations of SQ-LNS, CS, and other delivery complications using log-binomial regressions. Among 1391 women enrolled, 1255 had delivery information available. The incidence of CS and delivery complications was 6.3% and 8.2%, respectively. The incidence of CS was 4.0%, 6.0%, and 8.9% (p = 0.017) in the IFA, MMN, and LNS groups, respectively. Compared to the IFA group, the relative risk (95% confidence interval) of CS was 2.2 (1.3–3.8) (p = 0.006) in the LNS group and 1.5 (0.8–2.7) (p = 0.200) in the MMN group. We found no significant differences for other delivery complications. Provision of SQ-LNS to pregnant women may have increased the incidence of CS. The baseline rate was, however, lower than recommended. It is unclear if the higher CS incidence in the SQ-LNS group resulted from increased obstetric needs or more active health seeking and a better supply of services. Trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01239693.</p>
Data and code for: Fixed effects or random effects in statistical models? fewer than five levels of a grouping factor
<p>This is code (and simulated data from that code) to assess how sample size and the numbers of levels of random effects influence parameter estimates of fixed effects in linear mixed-effects models. </p>
Parental behavior influence in pediatric dentistry: a randomized observational study
<p>This work examines the influence of parental attitudes on their child's behavior in pediatric dentistry.</p> <p>This prospective randomized observational study was conducted at the pediatric dentistry consultation. All sessions were filmed. Two experts collected data using the modified Venham scale for children and a hetero-rating scale for parents. 20 observers scored with the same tools a randomized selection of recordings of 5 children per group. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.</p> <p>60 children divided into 3 groups of 20: 4 years and under, 5 to 6 years and over 7 years. Internal validation showed a very high correlation (Cronbach's a> 0.920). There is a correlation between parental behavior and that of children in the dental office in the 3 age groups for observers (Cronbach's a> 0.700). </p>
Adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir when used for COVID-19: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials
<p><strong>Background</strong>: To summarize specific adverse effects of remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, and lopinavir/ritonavir in patients with COVID-19.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We searched 32 databases through 27 October 2020. We included randomized trials comparing any of the drugs of interest to placebo or standard care, or against each other. We conducted fixed-effects pairwise meta-analysis and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: We included 16 randomized trials which enrolled 8226 patients. For most interventions and outcomes the certainty of the evidence was very low to low except for gastrointestinal adverse effects from hydroxychloroquine, which was moderate certainty. Compared to standard care or placebo, low certainty evidence suggests that remdesivir may not have an important effect on acute kidney injury or cognitive dysfunction/delirium. Low certainty evidence suggests that hydroxychloroquine may increase the risk of cardiac toxicity (and cognitive dysfunction/delirium, whereas moderate certainty evidence suggests hydroxychloroquine probably increases the risk of diarrhoea (RD 106 more per 1000, 95% CI: 48 more to 175 more) and nausea and/or vomiting (RD 62 more per 1000, 95% CI: 23 more to 110 more) compared to standard care or placebo. Low certainty evidence suggests lopinavir/ritonavir may increase the risk of diarrhoea and nausea and/or vomiting compared to standard care or placebo.</p> <p><strong>Discussion</strong>: Hydroxychloroquine probably increases the risk of diarrhoea and nausea and/or vomiting and may increase the risk of cardiac toxicity and cognitive dysfunction/delirium. Lopinavir/ritonavir may increase the risk of diarrhoea and nausea and/or vomiting. Remdesivir may have no important effect on risk of acute kidney injury or cognitive dysfunction/delirium. These findings provide important information to support the development of evidence-based management strategies for patients with COVID-19.</p> <p><strong>Funding</strong>: This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant: VR4-172738)</p> <p><strong>Registration</strong>: Not registered in PROSPERO, protocol available in the supplementary material of BMJ 2020;370:m2980; http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m2980.</p>
Remodeling dental anatomy vs sham therapy for chronic temporomandibular disorders: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial
<div><em>Background</em></div> <div>Evidence regarding the etiology or effective treatments for chronic orofacial pain, the majority diagnosed as temporomandibular disorder (TMD), is limited.</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Purpose</em></div> <div>To investigate whether occlusal equilibration therapy (ET) and decreasing the (higher) angle of the lateral guidance on the nonworking-side leads to a reduction in chronic TMDs intensity.</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Methods</em></div> <div>It was conducted a randomized, explanatory, single blind with blinded assessment, placebo-controlled trial with strong protection against bias involving patients with chronic TMDs. Participants were randomly assigned to receive equilibration therapy or sham therapy. ET in this study consisted of minimal invasive occlusal remodeling to obtain balanced occlusion with reduction of the steeper angle of lateral mandibular movement with respect to the Frankfort plane. The primary outcome was a change in the pain intensity score (on a 0–10 point scale, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 the worst possible pain) at month 6. Secondary outcomes include maximum unassisted mouth opening and psychological distress.</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Results</em></div> <div>A total of 77 participants underwent randomization, 39 of whom received ET and 38 sham therapy. The trial was stopped early for efficacy, according to preestablished rules when 67 participants (n = 34, n = 33, respectively) had completed the analysis. At month 6, the mean unadjusted pain intensity score was 2.1 in the ET and 3.6 in the sham therapy group (adjusted mean difference, −1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.5 to −2.6; P = 0.004; ANCOVA model). The mean increase in maximum unassisted mouth opening (main secondary outcome) was significantly higher in the real therapy group (adjusted mean difference 3.1 mm, 95% CI 0.5–5.7, p = 0.02).</div> <div> </div> <div><em>Conclusion</em></div> <div>ET significantly reduced the intensity of facial pain associated with chronic TMDs and increased maximum unassisted mouth opening, as compared with sham therapy, over the course of 6 months. There were no serious adverse events.</div>
Data from: Neurofeedback facilitation enhances post-stroke gait and balance recovery: a randomized trial
<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To test the hypothesis that supplementary motor area (SMA) facilitation with functional near-infrared spectroscopy mediated neurofeedback (fNIRS-NFB) augments post-stroke gait and balance recovery using the 3-meter-Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test, we conducted this two-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial involving 54 Japanese patients.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Patients with subcortical stroke-induced mild-to-moderate gait disturbance more than 12 weeks from onset, underwent 6 sessions of SMA neurofeedback facilitation during gait- and balance-related motor imagery using fNIRS-NFB. Participants were randomly allocated to intervention (REAL: 28 patients) or placebo (SHAM: 26 patients) group. In the REAL group, the fNIRS signal contained participants' cortical activation information. Primary outcome was TUG improvement, 4 weeks post intervention.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>The REAL group showed greater improvement in the TUG test (12.84 ± 15.07 s, 95% CI: 7.00-18.68) than the SHAM group (5.51± 7.64 s, 95% CI: 2.43 – 8.60; group difference 7.33 s, 95% CI: 0.83 – 13.83; p = 0.028), even after adjusting for covariates (group × time interaction; F1.23,61.69 = 4.50, p = 0.030, partial η2 = 0.083). Only the REAL group showed significantly increased imagery-related SMA activation and enhancement of resting-state connectivity between SMA and ventrolateral premotor area. Adverse effects associated with fNIRS-mediated neurofeedback intervention were absent.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> SMA facilitation during motor imagery using fNIRS neurofeedback may augment post-stroke gait and balance recovery by modulating the SMA and its related network.</p> <p><strong>Classification of Evidence:</strong> This study provides Class III evidence that for patients with gait disturbance from subcortical stroke, SMA neurofeedback facilitation improves TUG time. (UMIN000010723 at UMIN-CTR http://www.umin.ac.jp/english/)</p>
EXTRACT-NOAC randomized clinical trial Dataset
<p>This database concerns a randomized clinical trial, called the EXTRACT-NOAC trial. The title of the trial is 'Tranexamic acid and bleeding after dental extraction in patients treated with non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants'. The aim of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid mouthwash to reduce bleeding after dental extraction in patients on non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants. </p>
Global maps of soil water characteristics parameters developed using the random forest in a Covariate-based GeoTransfer Functions (CoGTF) framework at 1 km resolution
<p>The global soil water characteristics parameters (<em>α, n, θ<sub>r</sub>, and θ<sub>s</sub></em>) maps based on van Genuchten (vG) model at 1 km resolution was developed by harnessing the technological advances in machine learning and availability of remotely sensed surrogate information such as terrain, climate, vegetation, and soil covariates. We merge concepts of predictive soil mapping with a large data set of vG parameters and local information (soil, vegetation, climate) into "Covariate-based GeoTransfer Functions'' (CoGTFs) to generate global estimates of vG parameters (to highlight the impact of Geo-referenced covariates including various remote sensing maps, we use the term Geotransfer Function GTF and not pedotransfer function PTF; in the latter case, typically only soil properties are used to predict vG parameters).</p> <p>The vG parameters (<em>α, n, θ<sub>r</sub>, and θ<sub>s</sub></em>) dataset is provided in GeoTIFF format. A total of 16 files that represent different soil depths (0, 30, 60, and 100 cm) are provided for each parameter.</p> <table> <caption>Description of vG parameters and their units</caption> <tbody> <tr> <td>vG Parameters</td> <td>Description</td> <td>units</td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>α</em></td> <td>Inverse air entry pressure</td> <td>Log<sub>10</sub><em>α (m<sup>-1</sup>)</em></td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>n</em></td> <td>Shape parameter</td> <td>Log<sub>10</sub><em>n </em>(dimensionless)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>θ<sub>r</sub></em></td> <td>Residual water content</td> <td>m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> <tr> <td><em>θ<sub>s</sub></em></td> <td>Saturated water content</td> <td>m<sup>3</sup>/m<sup>3</sup></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p>The Global vG training dataset used for this study is available here:</p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5547338">10.5281/zenodo.5547338</a></p> <p>For more details / to cite this dataset please use:</p> <ul> <li>Gupta, S., Papritz, A., Lehmann, P., Hengl, T., Bonetti, S., & Or, D. (2022). Global Mapping of Soil Water Characteristics Parameters—Fusing Curated Data with Machine Learning and Environmental Covariates. <strong><em>Remote Sensing</em></strong>, <em>14</em>(8), 1947.</li> </ul> <p>The study was supported by ETH Zurich (Grant ETH-18 18-1). We thank Zhongwang Wei, Associate professor at Sun Yat-Sen University, for helping to collect the datasets and for insightful discussions. We would like to thank Andrea Carmintai, Professor at ETH Zurich, for the insightful discussions.</p>
A randomized clinical trial to compare P. falciparum gametocytaemia and infectivity following blood-stage or mosquito bite induced controlled malaria infection
<p>For malaria elimination efforts, it is important to better understand parasite transmission to mosquitoes and to develop models to allow early clinical evaluation of transmission-blocking interventions. We previously described a Controlled Human Malaria Infection protocol for induction of gametocytemia in malaria naïve volunteers by mosquito bite (CHMI-trans) (Reuling et al., 2018). Here, we compared gametocyte production and infectivity in the CHMI-trans model after bites of <em>Plasmodium falciparum (Pf)- </em>infected mosquitoes to that after intravenous administration of <em>Pf-</em>infected-erythrocytes. Volunteers received (sub) curative treatments with gametocyte-permissive piperaquine or sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine. Blood-stage inoculation induced considerably higher gametocyte densities compared to mosquito bitesthat was predicted by <em>Pf</em>AP2-G transcripts indicative of gametocyte commitment, and resulted in <em>Pf</em>-positive mosquito infections in 9/12 volunteers versus 0/12 volunteers after mosquito bite inoculation. Current findings firmly establish the CHMI-trans with intravenous administration of asexual parasites as a model for early clinical evaluation of interventions that aim to interrupt <em>Pf</em>-transmission.</p>
Ultimate load of randomly sampled stainless steel frames under gravity plus wind loads
<p>Data was generated using the general purpose finite element software ABAQUS and performing advanced nonlinear analyses. The database is comprised of ultimate load factors corresponding to different random samples of six different nominal stainless steel frames under gravity and wind load combinations. The values of the random variable assignments are given for each case.</p> <p>The full details of the finite element model can be found in: Arrayago, I.; Rasmussen, K.J.R.; Zhang, H. System-based reliability analysis of stainless steel frames subjected to wind loads. "Structural Safety", July 2022, vol. 97, art. No. 102211.</p> <p>DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2022.102211</p>
IIb-RAD-seq coupled with random forest classification indicates regional population structuring and sex-specific differentiation in salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)
<p><span>The aquaculture industry has been dealing with salmon lice problems forming serious threats to salmonid farming. Several treatment approaches have been used to control the parasite. Treatment effectiveness must be optimized, and the systematic genetic differences between sub-populations must be studied to monitor louse species and enhance targeted control measures. We have used IIb-RAD sequencing in tandem with a random forest classification algorithm to detect the regional genetic structure of the Norwegian salmon lice and identify important markers for sex differentiation of this species. We identified 19428 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 95 individuals of salmon lice. These SNPs, however, were not able to distinguish differential structure of lice populations. Using the random forest algorithm, we selected 91 SNPs important for geographical classification and 14 SNPs important for sex classification. The geographically important SNP data substantially improved the genetic understanding of the population structure and classified regional demographic clusters along the Norwegian coast. </span><span>We also uncovered SNP markers that could help determine the sex of the salmon louse. </span><span>A large portion of the SNPs identified to be under directional selection were also ranked highly important by random forest. According to our findings, there is a regional population structure of salmon lice associated with the geographical location along the Norwegian coastline.</span></p>
T a b l e 4 in Molecular Characterization Of Lates Niloticus (Perciformes, Latidae) Populations From Three Nigerian Waterbodies Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna And Microsatellite Markers
T a b l e 4. Microsatellites results
Experimental realization of the 1D random field Ising model
<p>We have measured magnetic-field-induced avalanches in a square artificial spin ice array of interacting nanomagnets. Starting from the ground state ordered configuration, we imaged the individual nanomagnet moments after each successive application of an incrementally increasing field. The statistics of the evolution of the moment configuration show good agreement with the canonical one-dimensional random field Ising model. We extract information about the microscopic structure of the arrays from our macroscopic measurements of their collective behavior, demonstrating a process that could be applied to other systems exhibiting avalanches.</p>
Objective identification of high-wind features within extratropical cyclones using a probabilistic random forest (RAMEFI). Part I: Method and illustrative case studies - Video Supplement
<p>These videos provide examples of application of RAMEFI (RAndom-forest based MEsoscale wind Feature Identification), a new objective identification of high-wind features within extratropical cyclones, for twelve selected case studies.</p>
Random forest modelling of multi-scale, multi-species habitat associations within KAZA transfrontier conservation area using spoor data
<p>As landscape-scale conservation models grow in prominence, assessments of how wildlife utilise multiple-use landscapes are required to inform effective conservation and management planning. Such efforts should strive to incorporate multi-species perspectives to maximise value for conservation, and should account for scale to accurately capture species-environment relationships. We show that the random forest machine learning algorithm can be used to model large-scale sign-based data in a multi-scale framework. We used this method to investigate scale-dependent habitat associations for 16 mammal species of high conservation importance across the southern Kavango Zambezi (KAZA) Transfrontier Conservation Area in Botswana and Zimbabwe. Our findings revealed substantial variation in the factors shaping habitat use across species, and illustrate that different species often have divergent responses to the same environmental and anthropogenic factors, and differ in the scales at which they respond to them. For all variables across all species, scale optimisation most often selected our largest scale. Precipitation, soil nutrients, and vegetation appeared to be the most important factors determining mammal distributions, likely through their associations with food resources for herbivores and, in turn, prey availability for carnivores. Anthropogenic pressures also had an important influence on habitat use, with many species selecting against areas with high cattle density. The variety of relationships with human density indicated that species vary in their tolerance of humans. We found a consistent positive relationship with areas under high protection, and negative relationship with unprotected and less-strictly protected areas. Policy implications: This study highlights the importance of adopting a multi-scale, multi-species approach for critical decision-making processes that depend on understanding wildlife distributions and habitat associations, such as protected area, corridor, and buffer zone prioritisation. We use our findings to identify changing rainfall patterns and increasing livestock numbers as two emerging trends that may impact wildlife distributions, both within sub-Saharan Africa and on a global scale.</p>
Locations of GPS-collared moose and geographic correlates, as well as for random points within study area
<p>Moose are among the many species that are vulnerable to both direcdt and indirect effects of climate change. Habitat selection is one framework to assist investigators in disentangling the various factors (including weather) that ultimately dictate how animals respond to their environment. We investigated patterns of winter habitat selecdtion by adult female moose in southerwestern MOntana, USA, during 2007-2010, and how that selection was affected by snow (quantified by snow water equivalent) and winter temperatures. We used data from GPS colalrs and a suite of environmental covariates to quantify winter habitat selection at both study area (2nd order) and home range (3rd order) spatial scales using resource selection functions. Moose strongly select for the willow (<em>Salix</em> spp.) cover type, and against grassland cover. Moose use of conifer cover at the home range scale increased when either amount of snow or ambient temperature was higher, altough the latter only during periods of the day when conifer pathces were likely to have been cooler than cover types lacking a canopy. Wildlife conservatoin and management naturally focuses on preferred habitats, particularly those that fulfill essentially all forgaing requirements. However, habitats used preferentially under stresful weather conditions, even if used rarely overall, can also form a critical part of a species' overall needs.,</p>
Data availability: Random encounter model is a reliable method for estimating population density of multiple species using camera traps
<p>Data of the paper entitled "Random encounter model is a reliable method for estimating population density of multiple species using camera traps" published on Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.