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Fig 1 in Lost before found: A new species of whaler shark Carcharhinus obsolerus from the Western Central Pacific known only from historic records
Fig 1. Lateral view of Carcharhinus obsolerus sp. nov. (NMW 61463; female holotype 433 mm TL). A. Preserved specimen; B. Painting by Lindsay Marshall (www. stickfigurefish.com.au). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209387.g001
Fig 3 in Lost before found: A new species of whaler shark Carcharhinus obsolerus from the Western Central Pacific known only from historic records
Fig 3. Post-mandibular indentation of Meckel's cartilage in Carcharhinus obsolerus sp. nov. Radiograph of head of ANSP 77121, paratype; 433 mm TL female; arrow denotes indentation.
Fig 6 in Lost before found: A new species of whaler shark Carcharhinus obsolerus from the Western Central Pacific known only from historic records
Fig 6. Digital radiograph of the head of Carcharhinus obsolerus sp. nov. (ANSP 77121, paratype). 370 mm TL female; chondrocranium highlighted in red. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209387.g006
Fig 8 in Lost before found: A new species of whaler shark Carcharhinus obsolerus from the Western Central Pacific known only from historic records
Fig 8. Alignment of second dorsal fin in relation to anal fin of Carcharhinus obsolerus sp. nov. NMW 61463, holotype (433 mm TL female); yellow dashed line indicates alignment of origin of second dorsal fin with anal-fin midbase. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209387.g008
Fig 9 in Lost before found: A new species of whaler shark Carcharhinus obsolerus from the Western Central Pacific known only from historic records
Fig 9. Upper jaw dentition in the three most similar Carcharhinus species. A. Carcharhinus borneensis (PMH244-1, mature female 661 mm TL); B. Carcharhinus cerdale (PMH329-01, juvenile male 887 mm TL; left side of jaw with image reversed); C. Carcharhinus macloti (PMH057-15, mature female 1090 mm TL). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209387.g009
FIGURE 2 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)
FIGURE 2. The distribution of vertebral diameters throughout each vertebral column, where vertebral number '1' represents the anterior-most centrum in each specimen. A, Graph based on Cooper et al.'s (2022) Data S1 for the vertebral column of †Otodus megalodon from the Miocene of Belgium (IRSNB P 9893), where the vertebral column is most certainly incomplete and the vertebral numbers do not necessarily reflect the original anatomical sequence (grey plots represent significantly damaged vertebrae). B, Graph based on CT-scanned data of an extant white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) specimen (LACM 43805-1), where the vertebral column is complete and the vertebral numbers reflect the anatomical sequence.
FIGURE A1 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)
FIGURE A1. Photographic (*) and CT (**) images of cranial region of 187-cm-TL male extant bigeye thresher (Alopias superciliosus: UF 160188) caught off Florida, USA, demonstrating hypercalcified rostral cartilage in the species. Top, ventral view*; middle, ventral view**; bottom, left lateral view **. Note that the same hypercalcification is also present in another specimen of A. superciliosus (UF 178509: 201-cm-TL male caught off Florida). Scale bar = 10 cm.
FIGURE 1 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)
FIGURE 1. Simplified family-level phylogenetic hypothesis of Lamniformes showing all extant clades and †Otodontidae (A: dagger [†] indicates extinct), and silhouette depiction of fossil vertebral column of †Otodus megalodon (B). A, Current understanding of lamniform phylogeny demonstrating that a large portion of the phylogenetic tree remains unresolved due to conflicting results based on various molecular and morphological studies (Sternes et al., 2023 and references therein); although the placement of †Otodontidae is tentative and other extinct families are not depicted in this tree, the main point of this illustration is to demonstrate that †Otodontidae lies outside of Lamnidae (both clades highlighted in bold letters) where clades containing one or more species with regional endothermy (indicated by an asterisk [*]) do not share an immediate common ancestry (Sternes et al., 2023). B, Reconstructed vertebral column and its total measured length by Cooper et al. (2022) based on an incomplete associated vertebral set from the Miocene of Belgium; this specific specimen (IRSNB P 9893) was previously estimated to have come from an individual that measured 9.2 m in total length, including the head and caudal fin (Gottfried et al., 1996) based on the modern white shark, not accounted for by Cooper et al. (2022).
FIGURE 4 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)
FIGURE 4. Previous and new schematic interpretations of †Otodus megalodon body form. A dark grey silhouette depicting the previously reconstructed †O. megalodon body form by Cooper et al. (2022) based on the extant white shark, superimposing a light grey outline showing the newly interpreted body form of †O. megalodon which is more elongated than the extant white shark. Note: it must be emphasized that this illustration should be strictly regarded as schematic as the exact extent of body elongation, the shape of the head, and the morphology and positions of the fins remain unknown based on the present fossil record.
FIGURE 3 in White shark comparison reveals a slender body for the extinct megatooth shark, Otodus megalodon (Lamniformes: Otodontidae)
FIGURE 3. Photographic (*) and CT images (**) of preserved specimens of extant white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) and salmon shark (Lamna ditropis). A, Complete specimen of 126-cm-TL male C. carcharias caught off central California, USA (LACM 43805-1): from top to bottom, external body* and skeleton** in left lateral view and external body** and skeleton** in ventral view. B, Complete specimen of 151 cm TL male L. ditropis caught off central California (FMNH 117475): from top to bottom, external body* and skeleton** in left lateral view and external body* and skeleton** in dorsal view. C, Head specimen of estimated 271-cm-TL male C. carcharias caught off southern Florida, USA (FMNH 38335): from top to bottom, external head* and cranial skeleton** in left lateral view and external head* and cranial skeleton** in dorsal view. All scale bars equal 10 cm.
Figure 2 in First record of prickly shark Echinorhinus cookei (Pietschmann, 1928) (Chondrichthyes: Echinorhinidae) in French Polynesia (Eastern Tropical Pacific)
Figure 2. – World spatial repartition of the two Echinorhinus species showing a clear pattern of presence in the Atlantic and Mediterranean sea for E. brucus, also present more sporadically in the Indian Ocean and the Southwestern Pacific. On the contrary E. cookie is widespread in the Pacific Ocean, including several spots surrounding the French Polynesian EEZ. Map adapted from Finucci et al. (2020) (E. brucus) and Aquamaps (2019) that includes the relative probabilities of occurrence of E. cookie within its potential Pacific wide distribution.
FIGURE 8 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions
FIGURE 8. Correlation between summed crown width and total body length in 17 modern Carcharodon carcharias individuals, comparing the upper versus lower dentition. (A) linear function (upper dentition: R2 = 0.93); (B) power function (upper dentition: R2 = 0.97); (C) linear function (lower dentition: R2 = 0.90); and (D) power function (lower dentition: R2 = 0.95).
FIGURE 3 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions
FIGURE 3. Associated dentitions of Otodus megalodon in lingual view. (A) UF-VP-311000; (B) GHC 1; (C) CH-31- 46P; and (D) UF-VP-460000. Scale bars equal 5 cm.
FIGURE 4 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions
FIGURE 4. Associated dentitions of Otodus chubutensis in lingual view. (A) USNM 411881 (adapted from Perez et al., 2019; fig. 5); (B) USNM 299832; (C) GHC 3; and (D) UF-VP-312864. Scale bars equal 5 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions
FIGURE 1. Premise of summed crown width method. (A) Carcharodon carcharias dentition in lingual view, with applicable terminology. The right half is an illustration of the typical dental formula for C. carcharias. The left half is from a 5.18 m female with one less posterior tooth in the lower tooth series (originally figured in Hubbell, 1996; figure 5). Scale bar equals 5 cm. (B) The most complete known associated dentition of Otodus megalodon (CH-31-46P) in lingual view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. (C) Body length of fossil taxa is calculated under the assumption that the ratio of summed crown width to total body length (TL) is proportional in ecologically and taxonomically related species. Silhouette proportions for O. megalodon are based on Cooper et al. (2020). A/a = anterior, I = intermediate, and L/l = lateral. Uppercase letters denote upper teeth and lowercase letters denote lower teeth.
FIGURE 1 in Parturition time for the Blacktip shark, Carcharhinus limbatus (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae), in Southwestern Atlantic
FIGURE 1 | Map displaying the locations in Southwestern Atlantic where the individuals of the Blacktip Shark, Carcharhinus limbatus, were sampled. Black squares: present study; gray square: Bornatowski (2008). Abbreviations: CE, Ceará; RN, Rio Grande do Norte; SE, Sergipe; PR, Paraná.
Global annual catch of tuna, tuna-like and shark species (1918-2015) (IRD level 0)
<p>This dataset lists global catch of tuna and tuna-like species from 1918 to 2015. Catches are stratified by year, species, fishing gear, vessel flag reporting country, area (essentially the tuna RFMOs areas of management). This dataset was computed using public domain catch-and-effort datasets released by the five tuna Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC), the International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT), the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC), The Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT).</p> <p>IRD Level 0 stands for the processes applied to the primary datasets by the French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD) to generate the dataset. These processes for level 0 at global scale are :</p> <p>- Merging of the primary nominal (also called total) catch datasets released by the 5 tuna RFMOs.<br> - For the Southern Bluefin Tuna, only data from the the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) was kept (i.e. data from the other RFMOs for SBF was removed).<br> - Original code lists have been mapped with standard FAO code lists (for gears, species, flags). These mappings have been done in collaboration with the RFMOs secretariats.</p> <p>More details on the processes are provided in the lineage section.</p> <p>Caracteristics, specific issues and problems that need to be taken into account :</p> <p>In addition to the respective specific issues of all the tuna RFMOs datasets, the following issues might be taken into account :<br> - Catches in the Pacific ocean are over-estimated. In fact, IATTC and WCPFC, who report the data respectively for the Eastern Pacific and Western Pacific oceans, have an overlapping area in their respective area of competence. Data from both RFMOs may be redundant in this overlapping zone.<br> - Geographical stratification in this dataset is : major FAO fishing area for the Indian ocean (IOTC), sampling areas for the Atlantic ocean (ICCAT), whole areas of competence of the respective RFMOs for the Pacific ocean (IATTC and WCPFC), area of competence of the CCSBT for the Southern Bluefin tuna.</p>
Preventing Shark Attacks
<p>This data set is composed of five parts each having its proper origins, formats and rights. It is used to design a spatial application allowing a visitor who does not know the Reunion Island (i.e. administrative French territory located in the Indian Ocean) and who is sea’s user to locate areas authorized (i.e. under governmental surveillance in order to reduce the shark risk) to enjoy its favorite water-based activity.</p>
Figure 2 in Diet of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Figure 2. Trophic spectrum of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in Ecuadorian waters.
Figure 1 in Diet of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Figure 1. Landing port of the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, caught in Ecuadorian waters.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.