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Figure 4 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 4. Average thorax profile of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (a) and members of the Palearctic L. nigercomplex (b). Figures were created by image averaging (L. ponderosae sp. nov n = 35; Palearctic L. niger-complex n = 30 specimens). Frontal view of head and detail of clypeus of the Holotype worker of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (c) and a non-type worker of L. niger (d).

Figure 5. Principal component plot for the 4 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 5. Principal component plot for the 4 most diagnostic morphometric variables (GUHL, dCLAN, MP6 and nSt) to distinguish individual specimens of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (n = 39) from those belonging to morphologically similar-looking Palearctic species (n = 49). For a definition of variables see Supplementary Table S3 and Fig. S1.

Figure 6 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 6. Projected occurrence probability from ecological niche modeling for the Palearctic ant Lasius niger which has been introduced to Canada, based on 19 climatic and one land use variable. The intensity of blue colour indicates the probability of occurrence on a 0–1 scale based on 180 presences (black circles) and 182 absences (white circles) in the native range in the Old World (a). The model was then projected to North America to estimate areas of suitable habitat for this introduced species (b). These maps have been created using the free R-package "ggplot2" v3.3.5 (https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org) in R v4.1.1.

Figure 2. Mitotype tree and distribution maps for 98 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 2. Mitotype tree and distribution maps for 98 DNA-barcodes belonging to 7 mitotypes of the ant Lasius niger (blue, n = 70) and 15 mitotypes of L. ponderosae sp. nov. (red, n = 28). The red dashed line delimits the expected natural range of L. ponderosae sp. nov.53 Maps have been created using the free R-package "ggmap" v3.0.0 (https://github.com/dkahle/ggmap) in R v4.1.1. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0.

Figure 3 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 3. Frontal, lateral and dorsal view of the holotype worker (a–c), a paratype gyne (d–f) and a paratype male of Lasius ponderosae sp. nov. (g–i).

Figure 1 in Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic diversity in North American Lasius ants, and an overlooked introduced species

Figure 1. Molecular phylogeny of 26 Holarctic ant taxa belonging to the subgenus Lasius sensu Wilson (1955) and two outgroup taxa (L. pallitarsis and L. mixtus). The phylogeny was calculated under the coalescent model and incorporates data from 9 genes (mtDNA: COI, COII, 16S, nuDNA: Defensin, H3, LR, Wg, Top1 & 28S). Names of species native to the Nearctic are shown in red and those of species native to the Palearctic in blue. Node labels show posterior probability (Bayesian inference) followed by bootstrap support (Maximum likelihood). The scale bar indicates the length of 0.01 substitutions/site.

Fig. 10 in Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps

Fig. 10. Localities showing distribution records of anuran species through the biomes within the state of Amapá. Localities 1 to 19 are from species checklists (light gray circles), whereas the remaining ones (20 to 48, dark gray squares) represent punctual records.

Fig. 9 in Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps

Fig. 9. Anuran species recorded in the state of Amapá. A. Scinax proboscideus (Brongersma, 1933). B. Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768).C. Scinax ruberoculatus (Ferrão, Fraga, Moravec, Kaefer & Lima, 2018). D. Scinax x-signatus (Spix, 1824). E. Sphaenorhynchus carneus (Cope, 1868). F. Sphaenorhynchus lacteus (Daudin, 1800). G. Synapturanus zombie Fouquet, Leblanc, Fabre, Rodrigues, Menin, Courtois, Dewynter, Hölting, Ernst, Peloso & Kok, 2021. H. Trachycephalus hadroceps (Duellman & Hoogmoed, 1992). I. Trachycephalus typhonius (Linnaeus, 1758). J. Vitreorana ritae (Lutz, 1952). Photos: C.E. Costa-Campos.

Fig. 6 in Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps

Fig. 6. Anuran species recorded in the state of Amapá. A. Leptodactylus stenoderma Jiménez de la Espada, 1875. B. Leptodactylus sp. C. Lithodytes lineatus (Schneider, 1799). D. Lysapsus bolivianus (Gallardo, 1961). E. Osteocephalus cabrerai (Cochran & Goin, 1970). F. Osteocephalus leprieurii (Duméril & Bibron, 1841). G. Osteocephalus taurinus (Steindachner, 1862). H. Phyllomedusa bicolor (Boddaert, 1772). I. Phyllomedusa vaillanti Boulenger, 1882. J. Pipa pipa (Linnaeus, 1758). Photos: C.E. Costa-Campos (A, C–J) and T. R. Carvalho (B).

Fig. 2 in Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps

Fig. 2. Anuran species recorded in the state of Amapá. A. Boana boans (Linnaeus, 1758). B. Boana calcarata (Troschel, 1848). C. Boana cinerascens (Spix, 1824). D. Boana courtoisae Fouquet, Marinho, Réjaud, Carvalho, Caminer, Jansen, Rainha, Rodrigues, Werneck, Lima, Hrbek, Giaretta, Venegas, Chávez & Ron, 2021. E. Boana dentei (Bokermann, 1967). F. Boana lanciformis (Cope, 1871). G. Boana multifasciata (Günther, 1859). H. Boana punctata (Schneider, 1799). I. Boana raniceps (Cope, 1862). J. Boana aff. semilineata. Photos: C.E. Costa-Campos.

Fig. 8 in Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps

Fig. 8. Anuran species recorded in the state of Amapá. A. Rhinella aff. castaneotica. B. Rhinella major (Müller & Hellmich, 1936). C. Rhinella margaritifera (Laurenti, 1768). D. Rhinella marina (Linnaeus, 1758). E. Scarthyla goinorum (Bokermann, 1962). F. Scinax boesemani (Goin, 1966). G. Scinax cruentomma (Duellmann, 1972). H. Scinax fuscomarginatus (A. Lutz, 1925). I. Scinax jolyi Lescure & Marty, 2001. J. Scinax nebulosus (Spix, 1824). Photos: C.E. Costa-Campos.

Fig. 3 in Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps

Fig. 3. Anuran species recorded in the state of Amapá. A. Callimedusa tomopterna (Cope, 1868). B. Ceratophrys cornuta (Linnaeus, 1758). C. Chiasmocleis haddadi Peloso, Sturaro, Forlani, Gaucher, Motta & Wheeler, 2014. D. Chiasmocleis hudsoni Parker, 1940. E. Chiasmocleis shudikarensis (Dunn, 1949). F. Cochranella resplendens (Lynch & Duellman, 1973). G. Ctenophryne geayi Mocquard, 1904. H. Dendrobates tinctorius (Cuvier, 1797). I. Dendropsophus amicorum (Mijares-Urrutia, 1998). J. Dendropsophus counani Fouquet, Orrico, Ernst, Blanc, Martinez, Vacher, Rodrigues, Ouboter, Jairam & Ron, 2015. Photos: C.E. Costa-Campos.

Fig. 4 in Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps

Fig. 4. Anuran species recorded in the state of Amapá. A. Dendropsophus haraldschultzi (Bokermann, 1962). B. Dendropsophus leucophyllatus (Beireis, 1783). C. Dendropsophus minusculus (Rivero, 1971). D. Dendropsophus walfordi (Bokermann, 1962). E. Elachistocleis heliannae Caramaschi, 2010. F. Hamptophryne boliviana Parker, 1927. G. Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense (Ayarzagüena, 1992). H. Hyalinobatrachium mondolfii Señaris & Ayarzagüena, 2001. I. Hyalinobatrachium taylori (Goin, 1968). J. Hydrolaetare schmidti (Cochran & Goin, 1959). Photos: C.E. Costa-Campos.

Fig. 7 in Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps

Fig. 7. Anuran species recorded in the state of Amapá. A. Pithecopus hypochondrialis (Daudin, 1800). B. Pristimantis chiastonotus (Lynch & Hoogmoed, 1977). C. Pristimantis gutturalis (Hoogmoed, Lynch & Lescure, 1977). D. Pristimantis inguinalis (Parker, 1940). E. Pristimantis crepitaculus Fouquet, Peloso, Jairam, Lima, Mônico, Ernst & Kok, 2022. F. Pristimantis zeuctotylus (Lynch & Hoogmoed, 1977). G. Pseudis paradoxa (Linnaeus, 1758). H. Pseudopaludicola boliviana Parker, 1927. I. Ranitomeya variabilis Zimmermann & Zimmermann, 1988. J. Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799). Photos: C.E. Costa-Campos.

Fig. 1 in Anurans (Amphibia: Anura) of the Brazilian state of Amapá, eastern Amazonia: species diversity and knowledge gaps

Fig. 1. Anuran species recorded in the state of Amapá. A. Adelophryne amapaensis Taucce, CostaCampos, Haddad & Carvalho, 2020. B. Adenomera andreae Müller, 1923. C. Adenomera heyeri Boistel, Massary & Angulo, 2006. D. Adenomera hylaedactyla (Cope, 1868). E. Allobates femoralis Boulenger, 1884. F. Allophryne ruthveni Gaige, 1926. G. Amazophrynella teko Rojas, Fouquet, Ron, HernándezRuz, Melo-Sampaio, Chaparro, Vogt, Carvalho, Pinheiro, Ávila, Farias, Gordo & Hrbek, 2018. H. Ameerega pulchripecta (Silverstone, 1976). I. Anomaloglossus baeobatrachus (Boistel & Massary, 1999). J. Atelopus hoogmoedi Lescure, 1974. Photos: C.E. Costa-Campos.

Fig. 36. Monomorium carbo Forel, 1910 in Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography

Fig. 36. Monomorium carbo Forel, 1910, syntype, worker (CASENT0249908, AntWeb.org (Shannon Hartman)). A. Body in profile. B. Head in full-face view. C. Distribution map.

Fig. 31. Crematogaster chiarinii Emery, 1881 in Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography

Fig. 31. Crematogaster chiarinii Emery, 1881, worker (CASENT0906369, AntWeb.org (Estella Ortega)). A. Body in profile. B. Head in full-face view. C. Distribution map.

Fig. 28 in Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography

Fig. 28. Cardiocondyla yemeni Collingwood & Agosti, 1996, worker (CASENT0922874, AntWeb.org (Michele Esposito)). A. Body in profile. B. Head in full-face view. C. Distribution map.

Fig. 51 in Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography

Fig. 51. Trichomyrmex mayri (Forel, 1902), worker (CASENT0922869, AntWeb.org (Michele Esposito)). A. Body in profile. B. Head in full-face view. C. Distribution map.

Fig. 27 in Faunal composition, diversity, and distribution of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Dhofar Governorate, Oman, with updated list of the Omani species and remarks on zoogeography

Fig. 27. Cardiocondyla wroughtonii (Forel, 1890), worker (CASENT0922871, AntWeb.org (Michele Esposito)). A. Body in profile. B. Head in full-face view. C. Distribution map.