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FIGURE 4 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges

FIGURE 4. Crella (Pytheas) desventuradae Fernandez, Gastaldi, Zapata-Hernández & Hajdu, sp. nov.: type material in life and preserved (A–F). A, massive specimen in life (holotype—MNHNCL POR-15019). B, detail of the surface of the specimen in life with oscules and subectosomal channels. C–F, holotype in preservative (ethanol 70%) showing a cavernous choanosome (fragment of the holotype—MNRJ 19228) and a membrane at the surface (C, indicated by arrow), an oscule partially covered by the membrane (D), pore sieves (E) and a pore sieve in detail (F). Scale bars: A = 5 cm; B–C = 1 cm; D = 2 mm; E = 1 mm; F = 0.5 mm.

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FIGURE 3 in New species of Crella (Pytheas) Topsent, 1890 and Crellomima Rezvoi, 1925 (Crellidae, Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) from Chilean shallow and Argentinean deep waters, with a synthesis on the known phylogenetic relationships of crellid sponges

FIGURE 3. Crella (Pytheas) chiloensis Fernandez, Gastaldi, Pardo & Hajdu, sp. nov.: skeleton of the holotype―IZUA- POR 170 (A–D) and spicules of the holotype (E–J, in SEM) and paratype―MNRJ 16989 (K–P, in SEM). A, transverse section. B, ectosomal region with bundles of tornotes and choanosomal region with tracts of tornotes echinated by choanosomal acanthostyles I and II. C, detail of the ectosomal region with tornotes disposed in a perpendicular arrangement and ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. D, choanosomal acanthostyles I and II echinating the base of the skeleton and a spongin fiber, and a few ectosomal acanthostyles scattered. E, tornotes. F, extremities of the tornotes. G, choanosomal acanthostyles I. H, choanosomal acanthostyles II. I, ectosomal acanthostyles and acanthoxeas (in right). J, arcuate isochelae. K, tornotes. L, extremities of the tornotes. M, choanosomal acanthostyles I. N, choanosomal acanthostyles II. O, ectosomal acanthostyles III. P, arcuate isochelae. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B = 150 µm; C–D = 50 µm; E = 20 µm; F = 5 µm; G–I = 20 µm; J = 5 µm; K = 20 µm; L= 5 µm; M–O = 20 µm; P = 5 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus

FIGURE 6 Map of the southern Red Sea, Gulf of Tadjoura, and of the Gulf of Aden showing the frequency of Porites fontanesii sp. nov. in the different sampled areas. Radius of the blue circle is proportional to the species frequency, numbers above each circle indicate number of sites where Porites fontanesii sp. nov. was recorded / total number of sampled sites in each area. Area codes: a = southern Red Sea, Yemen; b = Gulf of Tadjoura, Djibouti; c = Aden, Yemen; d = Balhaf-Bir Ali, Yemen; e = Burum-Al Mukallah, Yemen; f = Socotra Island.

FIGURE 3 in Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus

FIGURE 3 Porites fontanesii sp. nov. in situ (A) A large branching colony at Balhaf, Yemen (depth 5 m); (B) Branching colony at Araher, Socotra Island (depth 15 m); (C) Colony at Tiqfash Island, Yemen (depth 3 m); (D) A beige colony with thick digitations at Musha Island, Djibouti (depth 4 m); (E) Detail of a digitation tip showing the smooth appearance of the colony surface once the polyps are retracted; (F) Close up of a colony at Tiqfash Island, Yemen, showing the polyps usually expanded during the day (depth 7 m); (G) Close-up of E showing living polyps with retracted tentacles.

FIGURE 5 in Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus

FIGURE 5 (A) Map of the Indian Ocean, the inset indicates the position of (B); (B) Map showing the sites where Porites fontanesii sp. nov. was collected (blue dots) in the southern Red Sea, Gulf of Tadjoura, and Gulf of Aden. The red star indicates the type locality in Balhaf, Yemen.

FIGURE 4 in Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus

FIGURE 4 (A–C, E–H, I) Specimens of Porites fontanesii sp. nov. showing the range of variability of the corallum shape and of its dimensions; (D) detail of C showing the usual surface appearance of this species; (J) detail of I showing the flower-like appearance of corallites in specimens with well developed denticles. Specimen registration code close to the scale bar. White scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 2 in Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus

FIGURE 2 SEM images of Porites fontanesii sp. nov. (A) Holotype (MNHN-IK.2009-834) corallite arrangement; The typical septal plan with a fused vetral triplet, a short dorsal septum, and five pali in a corallite of specimen UNIMIB MU027 (B), and in the holotype C); (D) Corallite arrangement at the base of specimen UNIMIB BAL151 (Fig. 4E–F); (E) A corallite in the same specimen with a typically thickened inner cycle of synapticulae connecting the proximal end of the septa resembling a hollow columella; (F) Detail of another corallite with a very thickened inner cycle of synapticulae. Larger arrows indicate the dorsal septum, smaller arrows the synapticulae connecting the dorsal septum to the lateral pairs.

FIGURE 1 in Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus

FIGURE 1 Holotype of Porites fontanesii sp. nov. (MNHN-IK.2009-834) (A) In vivo image of the whole colony; (B) The holotype; (C) Detail of a digitation of the holotype typical of the species; (D) Close up of C showing smooth colony surface, regular corallite arrangement and coenosteum; (E) Detail of D showing the corallite septal plan.

FIGURE 7 in Porites fontanesii, a new species of hard coral (Scleractinia, Poritidae) from the southern Red Sea, the Gulf of Tadjoura, and the Gulf of Aden, and its phylogenetic relationships within the genus

FIGURE 7 Phylogenetic relationships based on rDNA among sequences of P. fontanesii and other homolog sequences of the Poritidae. Numbers at each node represent a posteriori probabilities obtained from a Bayesian analysis (above) and bootstrap values obtained from a Maximum Likelihood analysis (below). The clades described by Forsman et al. (2009) are indicated.

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FIGURE 9. Rooted cladogram showing phylogenetic relationships among four genera, i.e in Serina Gredler (Gastropoda, Stylommatophora: Enidae), the continuous-peristomed mountain snails endemic to the eastern slope of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

FIGURE 9. Rooted cladogram showing phylogenetic relationships among four genera, i.e. Serina (S. ser, S. prostoma, S. subser, S. egressa, S. denticulate n. sp.), Clausiliopsis (C. szechenyi), Pupopsis (P. pupopsis), and Holcauchen (H. sulcata). Outgroup Pupinidius (P. wenxian, P. latilabrum, P. melinostoma, P. nanpingensis). Branch length 45, CI=0.60, RI=0.70. Explanation for characters and character states see in Table 6. Solid circle: nonhomoplasious change; open circle: homoplasious change.

FIGURE 10 in Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes

FIGURE 10. Geographical distribution of Myiopagis caniceps (shaded area) and M. olallai (green dots). (A) Approximate distribution of differentiated lineages in M. caniceps. (B) Inset map showing the locality records of M. olallai along the Andes, including the Antioquia (coopmansi) and Perijá (incognita) forms. (C) Detailed map of the northern Andes in Colombia and western Venezuela showing the localities of M. olallai coopmansi in the northern Central cordillera, Antioquia, Colombia (1: Bosque Guayabito, 2: Bosque Las Ánimas, 3: Bodega Vieja, 4: La Forzosa, 5: Alto El Chaquiral), and of M. olallai incognita in the Serranía de Perijá (6: Ayapa). For details on localities see text and Cuervo et al. (2008a). Question marks are placed at sampling gaps in the range of this group of Myiopagis, where future fieldwork could confirm the occurrence of these taxa. The star at Serranía de San Lucas indicates misidentified sound recordings (XC92160, XC104264, XC104475) that do appear to correspond to M. o. coopmansi, but this locality needs specimen confirmation.

FIGURE 7 in Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes

FIGURE 7. Dorsal (top), ventral (middle), and lateral (bottom) views of specimens of closely related Myiopagis flycatchers of Andean cloud forests. From left to right: "Antioquia Myiopagis": ICN 38437, 35903 (males); Myiopagis olallai: MECN 7141 (male), 6902 (male holotype), 7142 (female), 6903 (female paratype), AMNH 819936 (male); "Perijá Myiopagis": COP 6733 (unsexed), Pons 3861 (male), 3860 (female).

FIGURE 8 in Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes

FIGURE 8. Male (left) and female (right) specimens of differentiated lineages of the paraphyletic Myiopagis caniceps. From left to right: M. caniceps caniceps: LSUMZ 32295, 124630; M. c. aff. caniceps: LSUMZ 102674, 85215; M. c. cinerea: LSUMZ 110744, 115989; M. c. absita: USNM 483342, 483341 (types); M. c. parambae: AMNH 499606 (holotype), ANSP 147150 (female). For further information, see Appendix 1.

FIGURE 5 in Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes

FIGURE 5. Gene trees of Myiopagis flycatchers inferred for the mitochondrial gene ND2 (A) and the autosomal intron FGB-5 (B). Topologies and branch lengths resulted from 50% majority-rule consensus calculations. Strong statistical support in both Bayesian and maximum likelihood analysis indicated as black dots or asterisks (>0.99 posterior probability and>95% bootstrap support, respectively), numerical support is reported otherwise.

FIGURE 6 in Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes

FIGURE 6. Consensus species-tree from the BEST analysis based on ND2 and FGB-5 sequences indicating Bayesian posterior probabilities of the species relationships in Myiopagis flycatchers. Differentiated populations from disjunct geographic regions of M. caniceps were treated independently. The Andean taxa in this complex are represented only by the two samples of the "Antioquia Myiopagis", due to missing sequence data for one or both molecular markers for M. olallai and the "Perijá Myiopagis". Geographic regions for each taxon in the caniceps-olallai group are indicated.

FIGURE 4 in Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes

FIGURE 4. Spectrograms of call vocalizations in Myiopagis olallai and its closest relatives. (A) Andean grayish form from Bosque Guayabito, Amalfi, Antioquia, Colombia (IAvH-BSA 19543 by AMC, 21 January 2002); (B) Andean grayish form from Bosque Las Ánimas, Amalfi, Antioquia, Colombia (IAvH-BSA 19218 by AMC, 11 February 2002); (C) M. olallai from type locality, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (ML60232 by P. Coopmans, 20 June 1992); (D) M. caniceps caniceps from Río Grande do Sul, Brazil (ML 19532 by W. Belton, November 1975); (E) M. caniceps cinerea from Napo, Ecuador (by N. Krabbe, October 1994); (F) M. caniceps parambae from Imbabura, Ecuador (XC71233 by D. F. Lane, 14 July 1997). Panels C, D, and E based on figure 2 in Coopmans & Krabbe (2000); reprinted with the written permission of the Wilson Ornithological Society, 3 February 2012.

FIGURE 1 in Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes

FIGURE 1. Photograph of the "Antioquia Myiopagis" exhibiting some of the characteristics, including light gray underparts, mossy green back, dark gray head, immaculate white crown patch, and reddish-brown eyes, that distinguish it from other taxa. Collected in an Andean cloud forest (1825 m) at Bosque Guayabito, Amalfi, Department of Antioquia, Colombia (ICN 35903).

FIGURE 3 in Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes

FIGURE 3. Box plots comparing the "Antioquia Myiopagis" and M. olallai in six song attributes. (A) song pace; (B) song duration; (C) number of notes in the trill part of the song; (D) maximum and (E) minimum frequency of the trill; (F) frequency range of the trill (non significant). Data points represent the average values per individual bird.

FIGURE 2 in Geographic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Myiopagis olallai (Aves: Passeriformes; Tyrannidae), with the description of two new taxa from the Northern Andes

FIGURE 2. Spectrograms of songs of selected Myiopagis flycatchers. (A) Andean grayish form from Bosque Guayabito, Amalfi, Antioquia, Colombia (IAvH-BSA 19580 by AMC, 24 January 2002); (B) Andean grayish form from Bosque Las Ánimas, Amalfi, Antioquia, Colombia (IAvH-BSA 19187 by AMC, 8 February 2002); (C and D) M. olallai from the type locality, Zamora-Chinchipe, Ecuador (ML 60232 by P. Coopmans, 20 June 1992); (E) M. caniceps caniceps from Río Grande do Sul, Brazil (ML 19532 by W. Belton, November 1975); (F) M. caniceps cinerea from Napo, Ecuador (by N. Krabbe, October 1994); (G) M. caniceps parambae from Pichincha, Ecuador (by P. Coopmans, February 1995). Panels C-G based on figure 1 in Coopmans & Krabbe (2000); reprinted with the written permission of the Wilson Ornithological Society, 3 February 2012.

FIGURE 4 in Description of Paracrobeles deserticola sp. n. and Nothacrobeles hebetocaudatus sp. n. (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Cephalobidae) from Iran and the phylogenetic relationships of these two species

FIGURE 4. Nothacrobeles hebetocaudatus sp. n. A: Neck. B: Lip region. C, D: Female posterior end. E: Entire female. F: Female reproductive system. G: Entire male. H: Male posterior end.