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FIGURE 9. A–C in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 9. A–C) Cecinothofagus gallaelenga: A) head anterior view. B) mesosoma lateral view. C) scutellar foveae. D–E) Pediaspis aceris: D) bisex. gen., mesosoma dorsal view. E) parth. gen. mesosoma lateral view. F–G) Eschatocerus acaciae Mayr: F) mesosoma lateral view. G) scutellum. H) Diplolepis rosae, mesosopleuron. I) scutellar foveae of Plagiotrochus razeti Barbotin parth. gen. J–K) Pediaspis aceris: J) antenna male. K) antenna female. L–M) Cecinothofagus gallaelenga: L) antenna female. M) first flagellomeres of male antenna. N) profemur. O) head lateral view, showing vertical carinae on gena.

FIGURE 6 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 6. Qwaqwaia scolopiae, final-instar larva and pupa: A–B) larval body, lateral view (LM). C) pupa, lateral view inside a gall. D) pupa, ventral view.

FIGURE 3 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 3. Qwaqwaia scolopiae, adult female: A) habitus. B) forewing. C) mesosoma, ventral view. D) ovipositor.

FIGURE 11 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 11. Forewings: A) Eschatocerus acaciae. B) Diplolepis fructuum (Rübsaamen). C) Plagiotrochus razeti parth. gen. D) Synergus ibericus.

FIGURE 8 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 8. Pronotum, anterior view of Cynipidae: A) Cecinothofagus gallaelenga Nieves-Aldrey & Liljeblad. B) Pediaspis aceris (Gmelin) bisex. gen. C) Aulacidea martae Nieves-Aldrey. D) Phanacis caulicola (Hedicke). E) Barbotinia oraniensis (Barbotin). F) Diastrophus rubi. G) Xestophanes potentillae (Retzius in De Geer). H) Liposthenes glechomae (Linnaeus). I) Ceroptres clavicornis Hartig. J) Synergus crassicornis (Curtis). K) Rhoophilus loewi Mayr. L) Periclistus brandtii (Ratzeburg). M) Diplolepis rosae (Linnaeus). N) Andricus pseudoinflator Tavares bisex. gen. O) Cynips divisa Hartig parth. gen.

FIGURE 2 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 2. Qwaqwaia scolopiae, adult female: A) mesosoma, lateral view. B) propodeum. C) metasoma, lateral view. D) metasoma, ventral view. E) detail of hypopigium. F) metatarsal claw.

FIGURE 1 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 1. Qwaqwaia scolopiae, adult female: A) head, anterior view. B) head, posterior view. C) antenna. D) detail of last flagellomeres of antenna. E) detail of the placodeal sensillae on last flagellomeres. F) mesosoma, dorsal view. G) pronotum.

FIGURE 7 in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 7. Galls induced by Qwaqwaia scolopiae on Scolopia mundii: A) young galls. B–D) mature galls, some showing exit holes. E–F) sections of galls containing live larvae.

FIGURE 10. A in Adding another piece to the cynipoid puzzle: the description of a new tribe, genus and species of gall wasp (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) endemic to The Republic of South Africa

FIGURE 10. A) Head anterior view of Ceroptres clavicornis. B) head anterior view of Synergus crassicornis. C) head posterior view of Synergus ibericus Tavares. D) head posterior view of Xestophanes potentillae. E) mesosoma lateral view of Trigonaspis synaspis (Hartig) bisex. gen. F–G) metasoma lateral view: F) Diplolepis rosae. G) Phanacis helminthiae (Stefani). H) Synergus gabrieli Nieves-Aldrey & Medianero. I) Ceroptres clavicornis. J) Callirhytis glandium (Giraud) parth. gen. K–O) hypopygium ventral view: K) Aulacidea martae (lateral view); L) Synergus ibericus. M) Amphibolips castroviejoi Medianero & Nieves-Aldrey bisex. gen. N) Andricus grossulariae Giraud parth. gen. O) Cynips divisa parth. gen.

FIGURE 3. A in A new endemic species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tho Chu Island, southwestern Vietnam.

FIGURE 3. A: Adult female paratype of Cyrtodactylus thochuensis sp. nov. (ITBCZ 2304). B: Subadult male ITBCZ 2306, showing three irregular dorsal bands. C: Subadult female paratype ITBCZ 2305 of C. thochuensis sp. nov. showing the original tail with many bands. D: Adult female ITBCZ 2206, showing five irregular bands on the dorsum and dark brown markings on the regenerated tail.

FIGURE 2. A in A new endemic species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tho Chu Island, southwestern Vietnam.

FIGURE 2. A: Snout scales of Cyrtodactylus thochuensis sp. nov. showing three intersupranasals in broad contact with supranasals. B: Mental scale of C. thochuensis sp. nov. C: Dorsal tuberculation of C. thochuensis sp. nov. D: Ventral scales of C. thochuensis sp. nov. E: Precloacal and femoral region showing a series of several enlarged smooth scales and three precloacal pores in an angular arrangement. F: Dorsum of tail of holotype of C. thochuensis sp. nov. G: Manus of C. thochuensis sp. nov. H: Pes and median enlarged subcaudal scales of Cyrtodactylus thochuensis sp. nov.

FIGURE 1. A in A new endemic species of Cyrtodactylus Gray (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tho Chu Island, southwestern Vietnam.

FIGURE 1. A: Male holotype of Cyrtodactylus thochuensis sp. nov. (ITBCZ 2300), B: Female of Cyrtodactylus paradoxus.

FIGURE 25 in Brachysomus (Hippomias) samos sp. n. from Greece—first island endemism in the genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)

FIGURE 25. Habitat of Brachysomus samos sp. n. in the eastern Oros Ambelos at 900 m a.s.l. in leaf litter, mosses and under cushion plants along rocks facing north (photo: C. Germann).

FIGURE 26 in Brachysomus (Hippomias) samos sp. n. from Greece—first island endemism in the genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)

FIGURE 26. Microhabitat (rocks with mosses, flowering Draba sp., Aubrieta deltoidea and Muscari sp.) in spring (April) where Brachysomus samos sp. n. was discovered (photo: C. Germann).

FIGURES 3–5 in Brachysomus (Hippomias) samos sp. n. from Greece—first island endemism in the genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)

FIGURES 3–5. Head capsule and ventral view of the abdomen of Brachysomus samos sp. n. 3) lateral, 4) dorsal view, 5) ventrites of the male, note that the meso-metaventral process of mesoventrite, metaventrite, meso- and metapleura are densely covered with grey scales (photos: C. Germann).

FIGURES 17–24 in Brachysomus (Hippomias) samos sp. n. from Greece—first island endemism in the genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)

FIGURES 17–24. Brachysomus Schönherr, 1823, male genital structures. 17–19: median lobe dorsal and lateral view, and tegmen, 20: male subgenital segments, 21–24: median lobe apex. 17) Brachysomus samos sp. n., holotype; 18) B. armatus Yunakov, 2006, holotype; 19) B. moczarskii Penecke, 1924; 20, 21) B. samos sp. n., holotype; 22) B. pelex Yunakov, 2006, holotype; 23) B. moczarskii; 24) B. armatus, holotype (illustrations: N. Yunakov).

FIGURES 6–16 in Brachysomus (Hippomias) samos sp. n. from Greece—first island endemism in the genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)

FIGURES 6–16. Brachysomus Schönherr, 1823, morphological structures. 6, 8–16: Brachysomus samos sp. n., 7: B. pelex Yunakov, 2006, holotype. 6, 7) head capsule, dorsal view; 8) head capsule, lateral view; 9) antennal scape; 10) antennal funicle and club; 11) male right protibia; 12) base of elytra, latal view, showing depressed 10th interval; 13) declivial setae of elytra; 14) scales of elytra; 15) female reproductive system; 16) spermatheca (illustrations: N. Yunakov).

FIGURE 27 in Brachysomus (Hippomias) samos sp. n. from Greece—first island endemism in the genus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae)

FIGURE 27. Map showing all litter samples taken on Samos Island; three filled circles in the Oros Ambelos mountains indicate the presence of Brachysomus samos sp. n.

FIGURES 29–37 in A revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Adetomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae)

FIGURES 29–37. Males of Adetomyrma in lateral view. 29, A. aureocuprea sp. nov. (CASENT0227991: holotype); 30, A. bressleri sp. nov. (CASENT0008693); 31, A. caputleae sp. nov. (CASENT0079552); 32, A. cassis sp. nov. (CASENT0163620: holotype); 33, A. caudapinniger sp. nov. (CASENT0244415: holotype); 34, A. cilium sp. nov. (CASENT0007808: holotype); 35, A. clarivida sp. nov. (CASENT0064259: holotype); 36, A. goblin sp. nov. (CASENT0084070); 37, A. venatrix (CASENT0151606).

FIGURES 64–72. Distribution maps for Adetomyrma species. 64, A in A revision of the Malagasy endemic genus Adetomyrma (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae)

FIGURES 64–72. Distribution maps for Adetomyrma species. 64, A. aureocuprea sp. nov.; 65, A. bressleri sp. nov.; 66, A. caputleae sp. nov.; 67, A. cassis sp. nov.; 68, A. caudapinniger sp. nov.; 69, A. cilium sp. nov.; 70, A. clarivida sp. nov.; 71, A. goblin sp. nov.; 72, A. venatrix. Star symbols represent the type locality.