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5,510 results for “Foods”
Ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar during winter
<p>Habitat quality and parasite assembly influence wildlife health, and they are key indicators of health and survivability of wildlife populations. To investigate the potential ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar (<i><span>Sus scrofa</span></i>), we collected samples of wild boar feces and available plants in their habitat <span>by line transects during winter</span><span>. </span><span>Along transects, we identified the composition of plants foraged by wild boar and measured the content of nutrients in available plants to estimate nutrient intake. We also quantified parasites and hormones in wild boar fecal samples. We compared food nutrients among different forest types and explored possible relationships among estimated nutrient intake, parasites and hormones.</span><span> We found coniferous forest</span><span> had positive effects on estimated fat intake and negative effects on estimated protein and fiber intake by wild boar</span><span>. Furthermore, we revealed that </span><span>estimated fat intake was negatively correlated with </span><i><span><span>Metastrongylus elongatus </span></span></i><span>parasites and positively correlated with triiodothyronine (T3). In contrast, estimated protein intake was positively correlated with </span><i><span><span>M. elongatus</span></span></i><span> and negatively correlated with T3. </span><span>Finally, we found </span><span>negative relationship</span><span>s</span><span> between T3 concentrations and loads of </span><i><span><span>Ascaris suum</span></span></i><span> parasites and between cortisol (COR) and loads of </span><i><span><span>Trichuris suis</span></span></i><span> parasites.</span><i> </i><span>T</span><span>hese insights on ecological relationships help identify potential dietary parameters in winter that could help predict and manage parasite and hormone responses for wild boar population recovery.</span>Habitat quality and parasite assembly influence wildlife health, and they are key indicators of health and survivability of wildlife populations. To investigate the potential ecological relationships among habitat type, food nutrients, parasites and hormones in wild boar (<i><span>Sus scrofa</span></i>), we collected samples of wild boar feces and available plants in their habitat <span>by line transects during winter</span><span>. </span><span>Along transects, we identified the composition of plants foraged by wild boar and measured the content of nutrients in available plants to estimate nutrient intake. We also quantified parasites and hormones in wild boar fecal samples. We compared food nutrients among different forest types and explored possible relationships among estimated nutrient intake, parasites and hormones.</span><span> We found coniferous forest</span><span> had positive effects on estimated fat intake and negative effects on estimated protein and fiber intake by wild boar</span><span>. Furthermore, we revealed that </span><span>estimated fat intake was negatively correlated with </span><i><span><span>Metastrongylus elongatus </span></span></i><span>parasites and positively correlated with triiodothyronine (T3). In contrast, estimated protein intake was positively correlated with </span><i><span><span>M. elongatus</span></span></i><span> and negatively correlated with T3. </span><span>Finally, we found </span><span>negative relationship</span><span>s</span><span> between T3 concentrations and loads of </span><i><span><span>Ascaris suum</span></span></i><span> parasites and between cortisol (COR) and loads of </span><i><span><span>Trichuris suis</span></span></i><span> parasites.</span><i> </i><span>T</span><span>hese insights on ecological relationships </span><span>help identify potential dietary parameters in winter that could help predict and manage parasite and hormone responses for wild boar population recovery.</span></p>
Data set for combined influence of food availability and agricultural intensification on a declining aerial insectivore
<p>Aerial insectivores show worldwide population declines coinciding with shifts in agricultural practices. Increasing reliance on certain agricultural practices is thought to have led to an overall reduction in insect abundance that negatively affects aerial insectivore fitness. The relationship between prey availability and the fitness of insectivores may thus vary with the extent of agricultural intensity. It is therefore imperative to quantify the strength and direction of these associations. Here we used data from an 11-year study monitoring the breeding of Tree Swallows (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>) and the availability of Diptera (their main prey) across a gradient of agricultural intensification in southern Québec, Canada. This gradient was characterized by a shift in agricultural production, whereby landscapes composed of forage and pastures represented less agro-intensive landscapes and those focusing on large-scale arable row crop monocultures, such as corn (<em>Zea mays</em>) or soybean (<em>Glycine max</em>) that are innately associated with significant mechanization and agro-chemical inputs, represented more agro-intensive landscapes. We evaluated the landscape characteristics affecting prey availability, and how this relationship influences the fledging success, duration of the nestling period, fledgling body mass, and wing length as these variables are known to influence the population dynamics of this species. Diptera availability was greatest within predominately forested landscapes, while within landscapes dominated by agriculture, it was marginally greater in less agro-intensive areas. Of the measured fitness and body condition proxies, both fledging success and nestling body mass were positively related to prey availability. The impact of prey availability varied across the agricultural gradient as fledging success improved with increasing prey levels within forage landscapes yet declined in more agro-intensive landscapes. Finally, after accounting for prey availability, fledging success was lowest, nestling periods were the longest, and wing length of fledglings were shortest within more agro-intensive landscapes. Our results highlight the interacting roles that aerial insect availability and agricultural intensification have on the fitness of aerial insectivores, and by extension how food availability may interact with other aspects of breeding habitats to influence the population dynamics of predators.</p>
Food resource partitioning between juvenile and mature weatherfish Misgurnus fossilis
<p><span>This study represents a description of the diet composition of one of the largest European cobitids, the weatherfish <i>Misgurnus fossilis</i>. Specimens were collected in a drainage canal, representing a typical habitat for weatherfish, and with gut content analysis conducted with regard to individual total length and maturity stage. Overall, the weatherfish diet mainly consisted of Copepoda, Cladocera,<i> </i>Oligochaeta, Crustacea (<i>Asellus aquaticu</i>s), Chironomidae, detritus and insect larvae. To evaluate size-related patterns of resource use, fish were assigned to two size classes, defined according to size at first maturation. ANOSIM analyses revealed major ontogenetic shifts in feeding strategy that were related to size and maturity, with a significant ontogenetic shift in feeding pattern, marked by differences in the proportions of the main taxonomic groups of prey consumed. Copepoda and Cladocera dominated in the diet of small and immature individuals, while large weatherfish primarily fed on detritus. Similarly, cluster analysis of diet classified into these food types showed distinct two groups comprising juvenile and mature fish. Spatially, weatherfish showed a change in feeding sites from the water column to substrate.</span></p>
Influence of Mediterranean Foods on Gut Microbiota Functionality in Obese Children Compared to Lean Children (Supplemental information)
<p>Complete dataset including the antioxidant capacity for all foods tested with 3 antioxidant method.</p>
Molecular food webs of bat-plant interactions during an extreme El Nino event
<p>Interaction network structure reflects the ecological mechanisms acting within biological communities, which are affected by environmental conditions. In tropical forests, higher precipitation usually increases fruit production, which may lead frugivores to increase specialization, resulting in more modular and less nested animal-plant networks. In these ecosystems, El Niño is a major driver of precipitation, however, we still lack knowledge of how species interactions change under this influence. To understand bat-plant network structure during an extreme ENSO event, we determined the links between frugivorous bat species and the plants they consume by DNA barcoding seeds and pulp in bat faeces. These interactions were recorded in the dry forest and rainforest of Costa Rica, during the dry and the wet seasons of an extreme El Niño year. From these we constructed seasonal and whole-year bat-plant networks and analyzed their structures and dissimilarities. In general, networks had low nestedness, high modularity, and were dominated by one large compartment which included most species and interactions. Contrary to our expectations, networks were less nested and more modular in drier conditions, both in the comparison between forest types and between seasons. We suggest that increased competition, when resources are scarce during drier seasons and habitats, lead to higher resource partitioning among bats and thus higher modularity. Moreover, we have found similar network structures between dry and rainforests during El Niño and non El Niño years. Finally, most interaction dissimilarity among networks occurred due to interaction rewiring among species, potentially driven by seasonal changes in resource availability.</p>
Figure 2 from: Sundermann EM, Nauta M, Swart A (2021) A ready-to-use dose-response model of Campylobacter jejuni implemented in the FSKX-standard. Food Modelling Journal 2: e63309. https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.2.63309
Figure 2 The probability of illness and infection for the human population after consumption of a mean dose of 1 CFU of Campylobacter jejuni-contaminated food. The probabilities are calculated based on the outbreak dataset (the so-called outbreak simulation).
Figure 3 from: Sundermann EM, Nauta M, Swart A (2021) A ready-to-use dose-response model of Campylobacter jejuni implemented in the FSKX-standard. Food Modelling Journal 2: e63309. https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.2.63309
Figure 3 The probability of illness and infection for the human population after consumption of Campylobacter jejuni-contaminated food. The probabilities are calculated based on the challenge studies dataset with 1000 various mean doses (the so-called ChallengeVarMeanDoses simulation).
Supplementary material 1 from: Sundermann EM, Nauta M, Swart A (2021) A ready-to-use dose-response model of Campylobacter jejuni implemented in the FSKX-standard. Food Modelling Journal 2: e63309. https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.2.63309
CampylobacterDRM.fskx
Figure 1 from: Sundermann EM, Nauta M, Swart A (2021) A ready-to-use dose-response model of Campylobacter jejuni implemented in the FSKX-standard. Food Modelling Journal 2: e63309. https://doi.org/10.3897/fmj.2.63309
Figure 1 The probability of illness and infection for the human population after consumption of a mean dose of 1 CFU of Campylobacter jejuni contaminated food. The probabilities are calculated based on the challenge studies dataset (the so-called default simulation).
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – France
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety</p>
Antimicrobial resistance monitoring results complementing the European Union Summary Report on Antimicrobial Resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2019/2020 – Sweden
<p>This dataset contains AMR monitoring results in animals and food at the isolate level pursuant to Article 9 of Directive 2003/99/EC and to Annex, part B, of Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. In addition, the dataset includes any other results from isolates than the ones mentioned in the Commission implementing Decision 2013/652/EU. The quantitative minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from dilution methods are included.</p> <p>Reporting authorities contributing to 2020 AMR data collection: National Veterinary Institute, Swedish Zoonosis Centre</p>
Data for: Negative effects of agricultural intensification on the food provisioning rate of a declining aerial insectivore
<p>The historical rise of intensive agricultural practices is hypothesized to be related to declines of grassland and aerial insectivorous birds. Drivers of declines may also influence the overall abundance and spatial distribution of insects within agricultural landscapes. Subsequently, the food provisioning rate of birds breeding within more agro-intensive landscapes may be impacted. Lower provisioning rates in agro-intensive landscapes may lead to reduced growth rate, body condition or fledging success of nestlings but also to diminished body condition of food provisioning adults. Results from a previous study supported this hypothesis as the fledging success and proxies of nestling body condition were lowest for an aerial insectivore breeding in more agro intensive landscapes. Of the multiple hypotheses put forward to explain these correlations, one mechanism may act through variation in food provisioning rates. In this study, we expounded on this hypothesis using data derived from the aforementioned study system and assessed if provisioning rates to nestlings and food provisioning behavior of adults varied across a gradient of agricultural intensification in a declining aerial insectivore, the Tree Swallow (<em>Tachycineta bicolor)</em>. We found that the hourly provisioning rate was lower in agro-intensive landscapes, and yet travel distances were longest within less agro-intensive landscapes. Our results highlight that, in order to maximize long term average gain rates, Tree Swallows breeding within agro-intensive landscapes must forage with greater intensity, perhaps at a cost to themselves, or else costs will transfer to growing broods. Our work provides further evidence that agricultural intensification on the breeding grounds can contribute to the declines of aerial insectivores in part through a trophic pathway.</p>
Food initiatives in the Mexico South-southeast of Mexico
<p>Food initiatives in the Mexico South-southeast of Mexico</p>
Role of sustainable agricultural intensification in food and nutrition security of smallholder subsistence farmers: Evidence from cereal legume intercropping in Eastern Ethiopia
<p>This data set is a biological data generated through field experimentation on cereal legume intercropping. In general, the contents of the data set are type of treatment (experimental materials), site of experiment, biomass and grain yields, etc. There is no legal and ethical issues related to this data set and its process of generation. The data can be re-used with proper acknowledgement of the authors. </p>
Data and code for "Machine learning can guide food security efforts when primary data is not available"
<p>Data and code repository for the paper "Machine learning can guide food security efforts when primary data is not available" by Giulia Martini, Alberto Bracci, Lorenzo Riches, Sejal Jaiswal, Matteo Corea, Jonathan Rivers, Arif Husain, and Elisa Omodei.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Gavrilova A, Gavrilov G (2022) Assessment of morphological pharmacognostic characteristics of the content and label information of dried herbs marketed as food supplements in Bulgaria. Pharmacia 69(3): 865-872. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.69.e87549
Table S1
Food Insecurity in Sri Lankan Undergrduates
<p>Data set used for food insecurity among undergratute in Sri Lanka</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Cheng S, Chan K-M, Ishak S-F, Khoo V, Chew MY (2017) Elucidating food plants of the aggregative, synchronously flashing Southeast Asian firefly, Pteroptyx tener Olivier (Coleoptera, Lampyridae). BioRisk 12: 25-39. https://doi.org/10.3897/biorisk.12.14061
Supporting Information S1. 16S ribosomal RNA sequence alignment : Data type: molecular data
Supplementary material 1 from: Put JE, Put L, St. Clair CC (2017) Caching behaviour by red squirrels may contribute to food conditioning of grizzly bears. Nature Conservation 21: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.21.12429
Video of grizzly bear digging into a red squirrel midden : Data type: MPG video file
Supplementary material 2 from: Put JE, Put L, St. Clair CC (2017) Caching behaviour by red squirrels may contribute to food conditioning of grizzly bears. Nature Conservation 21: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.21.12429
Data collected along transects : Data type: specimens data
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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