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3,136 results for “Terrestrialization”
Figure 3 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 3 Aggregation of isopod species differing in desiccation resistance at different temperatures. Mean ± 1 SE aggregation indices (variance:mean ratio) at 90% relative humidity. aP.scaber (F 4,249 = 3.76, p < 0.01) bA.vulgare (F 4,249 = 1.97, P < 0.01) cO.asellus (F 4, 249 = 12.22, P < 0.001) d thermal reaction norms for aggregation expressed as quadratic response curves for: P.scaber (dashed line): y = -11.519 + 1.526× - 0.04×2; A.vulgare (solid line): y = -3.534 + 0.574× 0.016×2; O.asellus (dotted line): y = -5.890 + 0.814× – 0.018×2.
Figure 4 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 4 Moisture reaction norms for a) sheltering and b) feeding behaviours with changing sand moisture content (time spent in behaviour as percentages of total observed behaviours). Lines represent linear regression models: A.vulgare (solid line) (sheltering: y = 95.24 – 1.05×; feeding: y = 0.32 + 0.03), P.scaber (dashed line) (sheltering: y = 96.72 – 0.19×; feeding: y= 0.22 + 0.05×), Ph.muscorum (dotted line) (sheltering: y = 93.14 – 2.16×; feeding: y = 0.36 + 0.55x). Further regression statistics and number of observations (N), are given in Table 1.
Figure 6 from: Souty-Grosset C, Faberi A (2018) Effect of agricultural practices on terrestrial isopods: a review. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 63-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24680
Figure 6 Sampling Philosciamuscorum in wheat (pitfall traps). Importance of hedges and woods for inducing the presence of the species in the studied plots. Key: Dark bar: P.muscorum in the plot. Light gray bar: P.muscorum in the borders of the plot (hedges/wood). Codes were expressed for each plot: the first three letters corresponded to the name of the location, the two following numbers to the French department (16: Charente; 86: Vienne; 79: Deux Sèvres; 36 (1 and 2): Indre).
Figure 9 from: Souty-Grosset C, Faberi A (2018) Effect of agricultural practices on terrestrial isopods: a review. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 63-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24680
Figure 9 Density of Armadillidiumvulgare during 3 years in the same field plots. Samples were collected in October of each year before the sowing of summer crops (from Larsen et al. 2007). Abbreviation: GU: ground under.
Figure 3 from: Souty-Grosset C, Faberi A (2018) Effect of agricultural practices on terrestrial isopods: a review. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 63-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24680
Figure 3 Number of isopods collected by hand-searching in three different types of grasslands in western France. The two sites differ in farming intensity: Lusignan has experienced intensive practices over many years, whereas Fors is in a zone of mixed farming, with a more recent history of intensification. Note the different scales in the y axes (from Souty-Grosset et al. 2005a).
Figure 1 from: Shultz JW (2018) A guide to the identification of the terrestrial Isopoda of Maryland, U.S.A. (Crustacea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 207-228. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24146
Figure 1 ACylisticusconvexus, head, dorsoanterior view, antennae removed (based on Schmidt 2008: figure 32) BArmadillidiumvulgare, male pleon, ventral view CPlatyarthrushoffmannseggii (after Hopkin 2014: figure 17) DArmadilloniscusellipticus, insets highlight uropods and antennal flagellum EScyphacellaarenicola, inset highlights antennal flagellum. Abbreviations: a lateral perimeter narrows gradually from pereon to pleon; a1 socket of antenna I; a2 antenna II or socket of antenna II; al anterolateral lobe; b lateral perimeter narrows abruptly from pereon to pleon; ca carina; cd cephalic dorsum; ce compound eye; en endopodite; ex exopodite; fl flagellum; fm frontal margin; frl frontal lamina; lg lung; tg tergite; pe peduncle of antenna II; pp pleopod; pr protopodite; pt pleotelson; ur uropod. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 4 from: Shultz JW (2018) A guide to the identification of the terrestrial Isopoda of Maryland, U.S.A. (Crustacea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 207-228. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24146
Figure 4 Porcellionidae, Trachelipodidae, Cylisticidae. APorcellioscaberBPorcellionidespruinosusCPorcelliospinicornis, head, dorsal view DTrachelipusrathkii, head, dorsal view EPorcelliolaevis, head and first pereonal tergite, dorsal view FCylisticusconvexus, head and first pereonal tergite, dorsal view.
Figure 5 from: Shultz JW (2018) A guide to the identification of the terrestrial Isopoda of Maryland, U.S.A. (Crustacea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 207-228. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24146
Figure 5 Oniscidae, Philosciidae, Halophilosciidae, Ligiidae. AOniscidae: OniscusasellusB–EPhilosciidaeB–CPhilosciamuscorumB dorsal view C pleotelson DChaetophilosciasicula: dorsal view of pleon (after Vandel 1962: figure 247) ELittorophilosciavittata: pleotelson, dorsal view F–GLigiidaeFLigiaexoticaGLigidiumelrodii. Scale bars: 5 mm.
Figure 2 from: Shultz JW (2018) A guide to the identification of the terrestrial Isopoda of Maryland, U.S.A. (Crustacea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 207-228. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24146
Figure 2 Trichoniscidae. ATrichoniscuspusillusBHaplophthalmusdanicus, highlighting cuticular sculpture of pereon CMiktoniscuscf.medcofi, highlighting cuticular sculpture of pereon D–EMiktoniscusspinosus, male D right pleopod I, ventral view E right pleopod II, ventral view (based on Schultz 1976: figs 8, 9, as M.halophilus) F–GMiktoniscusmedcofi, male: F right pleopod I, ventral view G right pleopod II, ventral view (based on Schultz 1976: figs 40, 41). Abbreviations: en endopodite; ex exopodite. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 2 from: Tajovský K, Štrichelová J, Tuf IH (2018) Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) of the White Carpathians (Czech Republic and Slovakia). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 305-321. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24133
Figure 2 The ordination analysis of isopod species recorded at individual study localities in the White Carpathians (CANOCO 5, unconstrained analysis, DCA). For abbreviation of species' names, see Table 2.
Figure 1 from: Tajovský K, Štrichelová J, Tuf IH (2018) Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) of the White Carpathians (Czech Republic and Slovakia). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 305-321. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24133
Figure 1 The zonation of Carpathians, with enlarged inset part of position of studied localities in CZ/SK White Carpathians. Source of the map of the Carpathian zones: https://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mapcarpat2.png accessed 24.7.2018; the map with position of studied localities according to Google Maps.
Figure 3 from: Rudy J, Rendoš M, Ľuptáčik P, Mock A (2018) Terrestrial isopods associated with shallow underground of forested scree slopes in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. Title. ZooKeys 801: 323-335. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24113
Figure 3 Depth distribution of Mesoniscusgraniger. Site 1 is out of the species range. Study sites 4 and 5 were not depicted, because whole depth gradient was not represented (see locality description).
Figure 2 from: Rudy J, Rendoš M, Ľuptáčik P, Mock A (2018) Terrestrial isopods associated with shallow underground of forested scree slopes in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. Title. ZooKeys 801: 323-335. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24113
Figure 2 Ethylene glycol to formaldehyde ratio of sampled specimens from all study sites, where both fixating solutions were used.
Figure 3 from: Shultz JW (2018) A guide to the identification of the terrestrial Isopoda of Maryland, U.S.A. (Crustacea). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 207-228. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24146
Figure 3 Armadillidiidae. A–BArmadillidiumvulgareA head, dorsal view B posterior end of pleon, dorsal view C–EArmadillidiumnasatumC head, dorsal view D posterior end of pleon, dorsal view E Dorsal view. Abbreviations: ex exopodite of uropod; fp frontal projection; pl5 pleonal tergite V; pt pleotelson. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 2 from: Souty-Grosset C, Faberi A (2018) Effect of agricultural practices on terrestrial isopods: a review. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 63-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24680
Figure 2 Distribution of isopod species in different types of habitat. A Forest B Grassland C Connections: hedges D Compost E Humid zones. Shannon (H') and equitability (R') indices are written below each graph (from Souty-Grosset et al. 2008).
Figure 1 from: Rudy J, Rendoš M, Ľuptáčik P, Mock A (2018) Terrestrial isopods associated with shallow underground of forested scree slopes in the Western Carpathians (Slovakia). In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. Title. ZooKeys 801: 323-335. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24113
Figure 1 Location of the study sites. 1/ Borinka (Malé Karpaty Mts.), 2/ Belinské skaly (Cerová vrchovina Highlands), 3/ Drienok Valley, 4/ Slope next to the Malá drienčanská Cave, 5/ Collapse above the Veľká drienčanská Cave (three sites are in the Revúcka vrchovina Highlands), 6/ Vysoký vrch Hill, 7/ Doline next to Silická ľadnica Ice Cave (both sites in Slovak Karst), 8/ Malý Ružinok Valley (Čierna hora Mts.).
Figure 2 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 2 A schematic representation of a typical thermal response curve for enzymes (simplified from Huey and Kingsolver 1989). The temperature optimum is the temperature at which performance reaches its maximal level or peak performance. The performance breadth defines how steeply peaked (stenothermal) or broadly plateaued (eurythermal) the response curve is. Any part or the whole of such a curve can be considered to be a reaction norm of a genotype representing a range of phenotypes expressed across an environmental gradient, in this example, of temperature.
Figure 1 from: Souty-Grosset C, Faberi A (2018) Effect of agricultural practices on terrestrial isopods: a review. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 63-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24680
Figure 1 Conceptual diagram illustrating some of the ways in which agricultural practices can influence various aspects of isopod ecology and how these might then potentially impact on ecosystem functions and ecosystem services.
Figure 1 from: Hassall M, Moss A, Dixie B, Gilroy JJ (2018) Interspecific variation in responses to microclimate by terrestrial isopods: implications in relation to climate change. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 5-24. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24934
Figure 1 A conceptual diagram illustrating some of the pathways by which changes in global climate could potentially impact on rates of carbon dioxide emissions from soils. Both changes in temperature and in the levels and patterns of rainfall have strong direct effects on the metabolism of bacteria and fungi but their ecology and metabolism are also regulated by the extent to which they are stimulated by soil animals. Both functional (e.g., behavioural and physiological) responses and numerical (both life history and population) responses of soil animals are affected by their microclimate. This is in turn affected by larger scale changes in temperature and rainfall. Therefore, as well as their direct effect on microbial metabolism, these climatic variables have a strong indirect effect by influencing the behavioural, physiological, life history, and population processes of soil animals such as isopods.
Figure 5 from: Souty-Grosset C, Faberi A (2018) Effect of agricultural practices on terrestrial isopods: a review. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 63-96. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.24680
Figure 5 Land cover map with sampling sites in Plaine Mothaise, central-western France. Land cover features of the study site were determined using aerial photographs (Google Earth) and field inspections. Linear characteristics from the landscape were distinguished such as riparian, hedge, continuous and intermittent vegetation. The final categories obtained are Cultivation (crops), Grassland, Poplars, Types of connection, roads and urban. Landscapes were mapped using Arcmap 9.3 (ESRI, 2004) as a main geographical information system. Black dots indicate sites of pitfall trap sampling.
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