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Fig 9 in Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARSrelated coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus

Fig 9. Functional characterization of diverse ORF8 and ORF8a proteins of bat SARSr-CoVs. (A) The ORF8 proteins of SARS-CoV and bat SARSr-CoVs induces the ATF6-dependent transcriptional activity. HeLa cells were transiently transfected with the pcAGGS expression plasmids of the ORF8 of SARS-CoV GZ02, bat SARSr-CoV Rf1, WIV1 and Rf4092 and the reporter plasmid 5îATF6-GL3 for 40h. Control cells were co-transfected with the reporter plasmid and the empty pCAGGS vector for 24h, and treated with or without TM (2g/ml) for an additional 16h. The cell lysates were harvested for dual luciferase assay and data are shown as the average values from triplicate wells. (B) The ORF8a proteins of SARS-CoV and bat SARSr- CoV triggered apoptosis. 293T cells were transfected with the expression plasmids of the ORF8a of SARS-CoV Tor2 and bat SARSr-CoV Rs4084 and a pcAGGS vector control for 24h. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry after annexin V staining and the percentage of apoptotic cells were calculated. Data are shown as the average values from triplicate cells. Error bars indicate SDs. * P 0.05. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.g009

Fig 7 in Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARSrelated coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus

Fig 7. Infection of Vero E6 cells by bat SARSr-CoV WIV1, Rs4874, WIV1-Rs4231S and WIV1-Rs7327S. (A) The successful infection was confirmed by immunofluorescent antibody staining using rabbit antibody against the SARSr-CoV Rp3 nucleocapsid protein. The columns (from left to right) show staining of nuclei (blue), virus replication (red), and both nuclei and virus replication (merged double-stain images). (B) The growth curves in Vero E6 cells with a MOI of 1.0 and 0.01. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.g007

Fig 1 in Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARSrelated coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus

Fig 1. Similarity plot based on the full-length genome sequence of civet SARS CoV SZ3. Full-length genome sequences of all SARSr-CoV detected in bats from the cave investigated in this study were used as reference sequences. The analysis was performed with the Kimura model, a window size of 1500 base pairs and a step size of 150 base pairs. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.g001

Fig 6 in Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARSrelated coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus

Fig 6. Phylogenetic trees based on nucleotide sequences of ORF1a (A) and ORF1b (B). The trees were constructed by the maximum likelihood method using the LG model with bootstrap values determined by 1000 replicates. Only bootstraps! 50% are shown. The scale bars represent 0.03 (A) and 0.02 (B) substitutions per nucleotide position. Rs, Rhinolophus sinicus; Rf, Rhinolophus ferremequinum; Rm, Rhinolophus macrotis; Ra, Rhinolophus affinis; Rp, Rhinolophus pusillus; As, Aselliscus stoliczkanus; Cp, Chaerephon plicata. SARSr-CoVs detected in bats from the single cave surveyed in this study are in bold. Sequences detected in southwestern China are indicated in red. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.g006

Fig 8 in Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARSrelated coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus

Fig 8. Analysis of receptor usage by immunofluorescence assay (A) and real-time PCR (B). Virus infectivity of Rs4874, WIV1-Rs4231S and WIV1-Rs7327S was determined in HeLa cells with and without the expression of human ACE2. ACE2 expression was detected with goat anti-human ACE2 antibody followed by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated donkey anti-goat IgG. Virus replication was detected with rabbit antibody against the SARSr-CoV Rp3 nucleocapsid protein followed by cyanine 3 (Cy3)-conjugated mouse anti-rabbit IgG. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (49,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole).The columns (from left to right) show staining of nuclei (blue), ACE2 expression (green), virus replication (red) and the merged triplestained images, respectively. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.g008

Fig 4 in Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARSrelated coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus

Fig 4. Alignment of nucleotide sequences of ORF8 or ORF8a/8b. The start codons and stop codons of ORF8, 8a and 8b are marked with black boxes and the forward and reverse arrows, respectively. The deletion responsible for the split ORF8a and 8b in human SARS-CoV BJ01, Tor2 and bat SARSr-CoV Rs4084 is marked with red boxes. See the legend for Fig 3 for the origin of various sequences used in this alignment.

Fig 2 in Discovery of a rich gene pool of bat SARSrelated coronaviruses provides new insights into the origin of SARS coronavirus

Fig 2. Schematic diagram illustrating the genomic regions or ORFs with most variation between different SARS-CoV and SARSr-CoV isolates. Coding regions of the N-terminal domain (NTD) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, ORF3a/b and ORF8 (8a/b) in bat SARSr-CoV genomes highly similar to those in SARS CoV genome are indicated with black boxes or arrows while the hollow boxes or arrows represent corresponding regions with less sequence similarity to those of SARS-CoV. The deletions in the RBD of some SARSr-CoVs are indicated by two vertical lines. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006698.g002

On following pages: 40. Lesser Ghost Bat (Diclidurus scutatus); 41. Isabelline Ghost Bat (Diclidurus isabella); 42. Lesser Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx macrotis); 43. Greater Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx kappleri); 44. Trinidad Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx trinitatis); 45. White-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx leucoptera); 46. Pale-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx pallidoptera); 47. Thomas's Shaggy Bat (Centronycteris centrali); 48. Common Shaggy Bat (Centronycteris maximiliani); 49. Proboscis Bat (Rhynchonycteris naso); 50. Greater Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx bilineata}; 51. Lesser Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx leptura); 52. rosted Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx canescens); 53. Antioquian Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx antioquensis); 54. Amazonian Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx gymnura). in Emballonuridae

On following pages: 40. Lesser Ghost Bat (Diclidurus scutatus); 41. Isabelline Ghost Bat (Diclidurus isabella); 42. Lesser Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx macrotis); 43. Greater Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx kappleri); 44. Trinidad Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx trinitatis); 45. White-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx leucoptera); 46. Pale-winged Dog-like Bat (Peropteryx pallidoptera); 47. Thomas's Shaggy Bat (Centronycteris centrali); 48. Common Shaggy Bat (Centronycteris maximiliani); 49. Proboscis Bat (Rhynchonycteris naso); 50. Greater Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx bilineata}; 51. Lesser Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx leptura); 52. rosted Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx canescens); 53. Antioquian Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx antioquensis); 54. Amazonian Sac-winged Bat (Saccopteryx gymnura).

On following pages: 22. New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura furati); 23. Beccari's Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura beccarti); 24. Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura dianae); 25. Seri'sSheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura sertii); 26. Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata); 27. Western Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura tiavato); 28. Peters's Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura atrata); 29. African Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura afra); 30. Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura seychellensis); 31. Madagascar Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura kibomalandy); 32. Dark Sheath-tailed Bat (Mosia nigrescens); 33. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat (Cormura brevirostris); 34. Gray Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx plicata); 35. Thomas's Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx io); 36. Ecuadorian Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx infusca). in Emballonuridae

On following pages: 22. New Guinea Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura furati); 23. Beccari's Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura beccarti); 24. Large-eared Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura dianae); 25. Seri'sSheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura sertii); 26. Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat (Emballonura semicaudata); 27. Western Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura tiavato); 28. Peters's Sheath-tailed Bat (Paremballonura atrata); 29. African Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura afra); 30. Seychelles Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura seychellensis); 31. Madagascar Sheath-tailed Bat (Coleura kibomalandy); 32. Dark Sheath-tailed Bat (Mosia nigrescens); 33. Chestnut Sac-winged Bat (Cormura brevirostris); 34. Gray Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx plicata); 35. Thomas's Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx io); 36. Ecuadorian Sac-winged Bat (Balantiopteryx infusca).

On following pages: 4. Hamilton's Tomb Bat [Taphozous hamiltoni); 5. Hildegarde'sTomb Bat (Taphozous hildegardeae}; 6. Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous longimanus); 7. Black-bearded Tomb Bat (Taphozous melanopogoh); 8. Theobald'sTomb Bat (Taphozous theobaldi); 9. Indonesian Tomb Bat (Taphozous achates); 10. Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous kapalgensis}; 11. Coastal Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous australis}; 12. Common Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous georgianus); 13. Hill's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous hilli); 14. Troughton's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous troughtoni); 15. Pel's Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus peli); 16. Bare-rumped Sheathtailed Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus); 17. Papuan Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus mixtus); 18. Yellow-bellied Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris). in Emballonuridae

On following pages: 4. Hamilton's Tomb Bat [Taphozous hamiltoni); 5. Hildegarde'sTomb Bat (Taphozous hildegardeae}; 6. Long-winged Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous longimanus); 7. Black-bearded Tomb Bat (Taphozous melanopogoh); 8. Theobald'sTomb Bat (Taphozous theobaldi); 9. Indonesian Tomb Bat (Taphozous achates); 10. Arnhem Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous kapalgensis}; 11. Coastal Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous australis}; 12. Common Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous georgianus); 13. Hill's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous hilli); 14. Troughton's Sheath-tailed Bat (Taphozous troughtoni); 15. Pel's Pouched Bat (Saccolaimus peli); 16. Bare-rumped Sheathtailed Bat (Saccolaimus saccolaimus); 17. Papuan Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus mixtus); 18. Yellow-bellied Sheath-tailed Bat (Saccolaimus flaviventris).

On following pages: 71. House-dwelling Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros einnaythu); 72. Andersen's Leaf-nosed Bat ((Hipposideros halophyllus}; 75. Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros hypophyllus}; 76. Phou Khao Khouay Leaf-nosed nosed Bat (Hipposideros macrobullatus}; 79. Maggie Taylor's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros maggietaylorae); 80. Malayan 82. Philippine Forest Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros obscurus); 83. Orbiculus Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros orbiculus 86. Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pygmaeus}; 87. Ridley's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ridleyi}; 88 Hipposideros gentilis); 73. Fulvus Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros fulvus}; 74. Thailand Leaf-nosed Bat Bat (Hipposideros khaokhouayensis}; 77. Kunz's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros kunzi}; 78. Big-eared Leaf-Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros nequam); 81. Nicobar Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros nicobarulae};}; 84. Biak Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros papua}; 85. Pomona Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pomona};. Laotian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros rotalis}. in Hipposideridae

On following pages: 71. House-dwelling Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros einnaythu); 72. Andersen's Leaf-nosed Bat ((Hipposideros halophyllus}; 75. Kolar Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros hypophyllus}; 76. Phou Khao Khouay Leaf-nosed nosed Bat (Hipposideros macrobullatus}; 79. Maggie Taylor's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros maggietaylorae); 80. Malayan 82. Philippine Forest Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros obscurus); 83. Orbiculus Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros orbiculus 86. Philippine Pygmy Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pygmaeus}; 87. Ridley's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ridleyi}; 88 Hipposideros gentilis); 73. Fulvus Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros fulvus}; 74. Thailand Leaf-nosed Bat Bat (Hipposideros khaokhouayensis}; 77. Kunz's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros kunzi}; 78. Big-eared Leaf-Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros nequam); 81. Nicobar Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros nicobarulae};}; 84. Biak Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros papua}; 85. Pomona Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pomona};. Laotian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros rotalis}.

On following pages: 28. Griffin's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros griffin/}; 29. Pendlebury's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros grandis}; 32. Horsfield's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros larvatus}; 33. Maduran Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros madurae sumbae}; 36. Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lylei}; 37. Pratt's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pratti}; 38. 40. Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros diadema}; 41. Fierce Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros dinops}; 42. Crested Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lankadiva}; 45. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lekaguli}; 46. Peleng Leaf-nosed pendleburyi); 30. Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros turpis}; 31. Grand Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros}; 34. Sorensen's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sorensenl); 35. Sumban Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros scutinares}; 39. Makira Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros demissus}; Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inexpectatus}; 43. Arnhem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inornatus}; 44. Indian Bat (Hipposideros pelingensis}. in Hipposideridae

On following pages: 28. Griffin's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros griffin/}; 29. Pendlebury's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros grandis}; 32. Horsfield's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros larvatus}; 33. Maduran Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros madurae sumbae}; 36. Shield-faced Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lylei}; 37. Pratt's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros pratti}; 38. 40. Diadem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros diadema}; 41. Fierce Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros dinops}; 42. Crested Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lankadiva}; 45. Large Asian Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lekaguli}; 46. Peleng Leaf-nosed pendleburyi); 30. Lesser Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros turpis}; 31. Grand Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros}; 34. Sorensen's Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros sorensenl); 35. Sumban Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros Shield-nosed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros scutinares}; 39. Makira Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros demissus}; Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inexpectatus}; 43. Arnhem Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros inornatus}; 44. Indian Bat (Hipposideros pelingensis}.

On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus}; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis}; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo}; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus madurensis}; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus celebensis}; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robinsoni); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nereis}; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malayanus}; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cornutus}; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perditus}; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monticolus}; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei}; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monoceros}; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pusillus}; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subbadius}; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus convexus}; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus}; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus refulgens}; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus}; in Family Rhinolophidae (Horseshoe Bats)

On following pages: 52. Eastern Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus megaphyllus}; 53. Insular Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus keyensis}; 54. Yellow-faced Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus virgo}; 55. Madura Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus madurensis}; 56. Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus celebensis}; 57. Robinson's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus robinsoni); 58. Indochinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus chasem); 59. Anamban Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nereis}; 60. Bornean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus borneensis); 61. Malayan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus malayanus}; 62. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 63. Acuminate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus acuminatus}; 64. Little Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cornutus}; 65. Yaeyama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus perditus}; 66. Mountain Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monticolus}; 67. Shortridge's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shortridgei}; 68. Formosan Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus monoceros}; 69. Least Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus pusillus}; 70. Little Nepalese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subbadius}; 71. Convex Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus convexus}; 72. Andaman Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cognatus}; 73. Glossy Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus refulgens}; 74. Blyth's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lepidus};

On following pages: 27. African Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus silvestris); 28. Upland Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hillorum); 29. Sakeji Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus sakejiensis); 30. Bokhara Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus bocharicus); 31. Greater Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum); 32. Geoffrey's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus clivosus); 33. Greater Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nippon); 34. Horacek's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus horaceki); 35. Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus maclaudi); 36. Ziama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ziama); 37. Hill's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hilli); 38. Kahuzi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus kahuzi); 39. Willard's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus willardi); 40. Ruwenzori Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ruwenzorii); 41. Chinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis); 42. Big-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus macrotis); 43. Osgood's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus osgoodi); 44. Allen's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus episcopus); 45. Thai Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus siamensis); 46, Schnitzler's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus schnitzten); M. King Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rex); 48. Marshall's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus marshalli). in Rhinolophidae

On following pages: 27. African Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus silvestris); 28. Upland Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hillorum); 29. Sakeji Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus sakejiensis); 30. Bokhara Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus bocharicus); 31. Greater Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum); 32. Geoffrey's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus clivosus); 33. Greater Japanese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus nippon); 34. Horacek's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus horaceki); 35. Maclaud's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus maclaudi); 36. Ziama Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ziama); 37. Hill's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hilli); 38. Kahuzi Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus kahuzi); 39. Willard's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus willardi); 40. Ruwenzori Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus ruwenzorii); 41. Chinese Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus xinanzhongguoensis); 42. Big-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus macrotis); 43. Osgood's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus osgoodi); 44. Allen's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus episcopus); 45. Thai Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus siamensis); 46, Schnitzler's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus schnitzten); M. King Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rex); 48. Marshall's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus marshalli).

On following pages: 78. New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryotis); 79. Sulawesi Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus tatah; 80. Poso Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus belligerator); 81. Bornean Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus proconsulis); 82. Arcuate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus arcuatus); 83. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus inops); 84. Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subrufus); 85. Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rufus); 86. Intermediate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus affinis); 87. Homfray's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus andamanensis); 88. Croslet Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus coelophyllus); 89. Shamel's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shameli); 90. Vietnamese Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus microglobosus); 91. Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus stheno). in Rhinolophidae

On following pages: 78. New Guinea Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryotis); 79. Sulawesi Broad-eared Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus tatah; 80. Poso Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus belligerator); 81. Bornean Woolly Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus proconsulis); 82. Arcuate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus arcuatus); 83. Philippine Forest Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus inops); 84. Small Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus subrufus); 85. Large Rufous Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rufus); 86. Intermediate Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus affinis); 87. Homfray's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus andamanensis); 88. Croslet Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus coelophyllus); 89. Shamel's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus shameli); 90. Vietnamese Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus microglobosus); 91. Lesser Brown Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus stheno).

On following pages: 4. Lander's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus landeri); 5. Guinean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus guineensis); 6. Blasius's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus blasii); 7. Peters's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lobatus); 8. Swinny's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus swinnyi); 9. Cape Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus capensis); 10. Gorongosa Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus gorongosae); 11. Roberts's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rhodesiae); 12. Bushveld Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus simulato/); 13. Dent's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus denti); 14. Cameroon Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus alticolus); 15. Mehely's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi); 16. Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryale); 17. Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii); 18. Mount Mabu Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mabuensis); 19. Cohen's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cohenae); 20. Smithers's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus smithersi); 21. Mozambican Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mossambicus); 22. Rüppell's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus fumigatus); 23. Eloquent Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus Bloquons). in Rhinolophidae

On following pages: 4. Lander's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus landeri); 5. Guinean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus guineensis); 6. Blasius's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus blasii); 7. Peters's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus lobatus); 8. Swinny's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus swinnyi); 9. Cape Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus capensis); 10. Gorongosa Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus gorongosae); 11. Roberts's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus rhodesiae); 12. Bushveld Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus simulato/); 13. Dent's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus denti); 14. Cameroon Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus alticolus); 15. Mehely's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mehelyi); 16. Mediterranean Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus euryale); 17. Hildebrandt's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus hildebrandtii); 18. Mount Mabu Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mabuensis); 19. Cohen's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus cohenae); 20. Smithers's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus smithersi); 21. Mozambican Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus mossambicus); 22. Rüppell's Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus fumigatus); 23. Eloquent Horseshoe Bat (Rhinolophus Bloquons).

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Fig 1 in Detection of novel coronaviruses in bats in Myanmar

Fig 1. Myanmar study sites. Map of bat capture sites in Myanmar, 2016–2018. Data Sources: Natural Earth. Map created in QGIS 2.18.4. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230802.g001

Distribution. Endemic to Laos, known only from type locality and Ban Nampe, C.I1 km NE of Vang Vieng, Vang Vieng district, Vientiane Province. in Family Hipposideridae (Old World Leaf-nosed Bats)

Distribution. Endemic to Laos, known only from type locality and Ban Nampe, C.I1 km NE of Vang Vieng, Vang Vieng district, Vientiane Province.

Subspecies and Distribution. H. a. armiger Hodgson, 1835 - N India, Nepal, Myanmar, C & S China (including Hain an I), and mainland SE Asia except Vietnam. H. a. fujianensis Zhen, 1987-SE China (Fujian). H. a. terasensis Kishida, 1924 —Taiwan I. in Family Hipposideridae (Old World Leaf-nosed Bats)

Subspecies and Distribution. H. a. armiger Hodgson, 1835 - N India, Nepal, Myanmar, C & S China (including Hain an I), and mainland SE Asia except Vietnam. H. a. fujianensis Zhen, 1987-SE China (Fujian). H. a. terasensis Kishida, 1924 —Taiwan I.

Distribution. Endemic to Japan, known only from Yaeyama Is (Yonaguni, Iriomote, Ishigaki, and Hateruma). in Family Hipposideridae (Old World Leaf-nosed Bats)

Distribution. Endemic to Japan, known only from Yaeyama Is (Yonaguni, Iriomote, Ishigaki, and Hateruma).