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Distribution. S in Family Hipposideridae (Old World Leaf-nosed Bats)

Distribution. S China (Yunnan), E & S Myanmar, W & S Thailand, N Vietnam, and Malay Peninsula; a record from Laos has not been confirmed but the species is very likely to occur there.

Distribution. NE & C Vietnam, known only from Cat Ba I, Ha Long Bay (Haiphong Province) and Chu Mom Ray National Park (Kon Turn Province). in Family Hipposideridae (Old World Leaf-nosed Bats)

Distribution. NE & C Vietnam, known only from Cat Ba I, Ha Long Bay (Haiphong Province) and Chu Mom Ray National Park (Kon Turn Province).

Subspecies and Distribution. . b. borneensis Meters, 1861 — Borneo, as well as nearby Banggi, Labuan, and Karimata Is. R. b. importunus Chasen, 1939 — C & SWJava, including Nusakambanagan I off S Java. . b. spadix G. S. Miller, 1901 — South Natuna Is. Taxonomic identity of specimens collected in NW Peninsular Malaysia is uncertain. Also, either this species or the Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (. celebensis) was recently captured in Lampung Province, Sumatra, but in that study the two species were not differentiated. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. . b. borneensis Meters, 1861 — Borneo, as well as nearby Banggi, Labuan, and Karimata Is. R. b. importunus Chasen, 1939 — C & SWJava, including Nusakambanagan I off S Java. . b. spadix G. S. Miller, 1901 — South Natuna Is. Taxonomic identity of specimens collected in NW Peninsular Malaysia is uncertain. Also, either this species or the Sulawesi Horseshoe Bat (. celebensis) was recently captured in Lampung Province, Sumatra, but in that study the two species were not differentiated.

Subspecies and Distribution. R c. celebensis K. Andersen, 1905 - Sangihe I, Talaud Is (Karakelong), Sulawesi (including Kabaena and Buton Is), and Tukangbesi Is (Wangi Wangi and Kaleudupa). R c. javanicus K. Andersen, 1918 - Krakatau, Java, Bali, and Kangean Is; a record from Sepanjan I needs confirmation. Either this species or the Bornean Horseshoe Bat (. bomeensis) was recently captured in Lampung Province, Sumatra, but in that study the two species were not differentiated. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R c. celebensis K. Andersen, 1905 - Sangihe I, Talaud Is (Karakelong), Sulawesi (including Kabaena and Buton Is), and Tukangbesi Is (Wangi Wangi and Kaleudupa). R c. javanicus K. Andersen, 1918 - Krakatau, Java, Bali, and Kangean Is; a record from Sepanjan I needs confirmation. Either this species or the Bornean Horseshoe Bat (. bomeensis) was recently captured in Lampung Province, Sumatra, but in that study the two species were not differentiated.

Distribution. Kai Is and N Australia (Cape York Peninsula, NE Queensland); large form (true Ä achiUes) from Iron Range S to Townsville and W to Chillagoe, Queensland, and Kai Is; small form ("Intermediate Horseshoe Bat") from Iron Range and Mcllwraith Range N of Coen in Queensland. in Rhinolophidae

Distribution. Kai Is and N Australia (Cape York Peninsula, NE Queensland); large form (true Ä achiUes) from Iron Range S to Townsville and W to Chillagoe, Queensland, and Kai Is; small form ("Intermediate Horseshoe Bat") from Iron Range and Mcllwraith Range N of Coen in Queensland.

Subspecies and Distribution. R d. denti Thomas, 1904 - SW Angola, N Namibia, NW & SW Botswana, and N South Africa (Northern Cape Province). There is an unconfirmed record from SW Republic of the Congo. R d. knorri Eisentraut, 1960 - scattered records across W Africa in SE Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, W Guinea, N Sierra Leone, N Ivory Coast (but possibly representing Lander's Horseshoe Bat, R landeri), NE Ghana, S Burkina Faso, and Nigeria. There is apparently a specimen from S South Sudan that might represent this subspecies, although its identity needs to be validated. in Rhinolophidae

Subspecies and Distribution. R d. denti Thomas, 1904 - SW Angola, N Namibia, NW & SW Botswana, and N South Africa (Northern Cape Province). There is an unconfirmed record from SW Republic of the Congo. R d. knorri Eisentraut, 1960 - scattered records across W Africa in SE Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, W Guinea, N Sierra Leone, N Ivory Coast (but possibly representing Lander's Horseshoe Bat, R landeri), NE Ghana, S Burkina Faso, and Nigeria. There is apparently a specimen from S South Sudan that might represent this subspecies, although its identity needs to be validated.

FIG. 7 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 7. Lower left (left three images) and upper left (right three images) toothrows of (a) P. happoldorum gen nov., sp. nov. (holotype), (b) P. eisentrauti (ZFMK-MAM-1968.0005), and (c) P. bellieri (ZFMK-MAM-2008.0299 and 2009.0030).

FIG. 3 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 3. Terminal part of penes (a, dorsal view) and bacula (b, X-rays) of (left) genus nov., sp. nov. (ZFMK-MAM-2009.0029), (middle) genus nov. eisentrauti (ZFMK-MAM-1999.0676), and (right) genus nov. bellieri (ZFMK-MAM-2009.0030). Scale

FIG. 12 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 12. Crania in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view of a) P. happoldorum gen. nov., sp. nov. (holotype), b) P. eisentrauti (ZFMK-MAM-1968.0005), and c) P. bellieri (ZFMK-MAM- 2009.0030). Scale is 10 mm

FIG. 11 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 11. Cranium and mandible of the holotype (ZFMK-MAM-2009.0029) of P. happoldorum gen. nov., sp. nov.; dorsal, ventral, and cranium and mandible in lateral view. Scale is 10 mm

FIG. 6 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 6. First two upper incisors in lateral view; tip of the second incisor marked by a bar. Genus nov. (a, sp. nov.; b, eisentrauti; c, bellieri); Hypsugo (d, savii; e, caucasicus; f, pulveratus); Neoromicia (g, zuluensis; h, somalica; j, nana); Pipistellus (k, pipistrellus; l, nanulus; m, cf. grandidieri). Left column shows the type species of the respective genera. The arrows show a hook-like structure

FIG. 2 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 2. Rhinaria in front view (from left to right) of genus nov., sp. nov. (ZFMK-MAM-2009.0029), Hypsugo savii (ZFMK- MAM-1983.0072), Neoromicia zuluensis (ZFMK-MAM-1997.0562), and Pipistrellus pipistrellus (ZFMK-MAM-1995.0140).

FIG. 1 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 1. Bayesian consensus topology based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the cytochrome b (Cyt-b) gene. Tadarida brasiliensis and T. teniotis were designated as outgroup taxa. See Appendix I for a complete list of GenBank numbers.

FIG. 10 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 10. Views of the heads of P. happoldorum gen. nov., sp. nov. (upper figure, holotype; ZFMK-MAM-2009. 0029) and P. bellieri (below; ZFMK-MAM-2009.0030) after capture in Guinea. Note differences in ears and sensory fields above

FIG. 5. A in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 5. A principal components analysis (PCA) graph plotting the first two components for cranial and dental measurements of four species of the new genus from West Africa, including the holotypes (indicated by arrows — see text for further details). See Table 3 for the variables used in this analysis and the loadings on PC1 and PC2. Triangles represent specimens of genus nov. crassulus,

FIG. 8 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 8. Details of thumb and outer ears of P. happoldorum gen. nov., sp. nov. (a, d, holotype ZFMK-MAM-2009.0029), P. eisentrauti (b, e, ZFMK-MAM-1999.0676), and P. bellieri (c, f, ZFMK-MAM-2009.0030). Scale is 5 mm

FIG. 9 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 9. David and Meredith Happold. Photo taken by J. Decher in September 2015 in the Seven Mountains Range near Bonn

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Fig. 1 in A New Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus chiewkweeae (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae), from Malaysia

Fig. 1 Map showing the collection sites of Rliinolophus chiewkweeae sp. nov. I. Lubok Scmilan; 2, Weng Subcatchimcnt Area; 3. Asahan Forest Reserve; 4. Gunung Ledang; 5. Labis Forest Reserve.

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Fig. 4 in A New Horseshoe Bat, Rhinolophus chiewkweeae (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae), from Malaysia

Fig. 4. Map showing the geographic ranges of Rhinoiophus pearsoni,. yunanensis and. chiewkweeae sp. nov. Thick black lines indicate the boundaries of subregions. A, Indian Subregion;, Himalayan Subregion; C, Indochina Subregion; D, Sundaic Subregion; E, Philippine Subregion; F, Wallacean Subregion (according to Corbet and Hill, 1992).