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Figure 7 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 7 Distribution of samples of the "Pholidobolus macbrydei" species complex included in phylogenetic analyses. Circles correspond to four new species described in this paper: P. samek sp. nov. (red), P. condor sp. nov. (blue), P. dolichoderes sp. nov. (brown), and P. fascinatus sp. nov. (green). Triangles are "Pholidobolus macbrydei" clades as illustrated in the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 1): A (green) B (white) C (red) D (blue) E (black) F (turquoise). Orange diamond corresponds to type locality of P. macbrydei. This map was created in QGIS v3.10.
Figure 6 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 6 Pholidobolus samek sp. nov. in life. A Adult female, paratype (QCAZ 14954) B adult male, holotype (QCAZ 14955).
Figure 5 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 5 Head of holotype of Pholidobolus samek sp. nov. (QCAZ 14955) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 9 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 9 Holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 42.7 mm. Preserved specimen (A); live specimen (B, C). Photographs by Malki Bustos.
Figure 3 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 3 Comparative hemipenial morphology of Pholidobolus. Sulcate (left), lateral (center) and asulcate (right) views of: APholidobolus samek sp. nov. (QCAZ 14955) BPholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) CPholidobolus dolichoderes sp. nov. (QCAZ 16353) DPholidobolus fascinatus sp. nov. (QCAZ 15120). Scale bar: 1 mm.
Figure 17 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 17 Color variation in live specimens of Pholidobolus fascinatus sp. nov. A male holotype (QCAZ 15120, SVL = 52.5 mm) B male paratype (QCAZ 15122, SVL = 42.6 mm) C female paratype (QCAZ 15118, SVL = 46.7 mm).
Figure 14 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 14 Close-up of head and neck of Pholidobolus dolichoderes sp. nov. in life. QCAZ 16349 (A adult female); QCAZ 16353 (B male holotype). Photographs by Gustavo Pazmiño.
Figure 12 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 12 Holotype of Pholidobolus dolichoderes sp. nov. (QCAZ 16353) in life in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 41.1 mm. Photographs by Gustavo Pazmiño.
Figure 8 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 8 Habitat of Pholidobolus samek sp. nov. A Vegetation around type locality, Cerro Plateado Biological Reserve, Ecuador B habitat where holotype was found. Photographs by Álvaro Pérez.
Figure 16 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 16 Head of holotype of Pholidobolus fascinatus sp. nov. (QCAZ 15120) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 10 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 10 Head of holotype of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. (QCAZ 15844) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 2 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 2 Principal components analysis of 16 morphological variables and 140 specimens of the "Pholidobolus macbrydei" species complex. See Table 5 for character loadings on each component.
Figure 11 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 11 Habitat of Pholidobolus condor sp. nov. at El Quimi Biological Reserve, Ecuador. Photographs by Álvaro Pérez.
Figure 13 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 13 Head of holotype of Pholidobolus dolichoderes sp. nov. (QCAZ 16353) in lateral (A), dorsal (B), and ventral (C) views. Photographs by Valeria Chasiluisa. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 15 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 15 Holotype of Pholidobolus fascinatus sp. nov. (QCAZ 15120) in life in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 52.5 mm. Photographs by Diego Quirola.
Figure 1 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 1 Phylogeny of Pholidobolus. Maximum clade credibility tree derived from a partitioned analysis of 1904 bp of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown above branches and bootstrap values (RAxML analysis) below branches; values ≤ 0.5 and 50, respectively, are not shown. For clarity, outgroup taxa and values on short branches are not shown. Species outside the "P. macbrydei" complex are in grey; new species described in this paper are in color matching the distribution records of the map in Figure 7. The species name followed by voucher number and province ("P. macbrydei" complex only) are provided for each terminal. Photographs from top to bottom: P. dolichoderes sp. nov. holotype, P. fascinatus sp. nov. holotype, "P. macbrydei" (Clade B) QCAZ 15824, P. samek sp. nov. holotype, P. condor sp. nov. holotype.
Figure 4 from: Parra V, Nunes PMS, Torres-Carvajal O (2020) Systematics of Pholidobolus lizards (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from southern Ecuador, with descriptions of four new species. ZooKeys 954: 109-156. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.50667
Figure 4 Holotype of Pholidobolus samek sp. nov. (QCAZ 14955) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and lateral (C) views. Male, SVL = 46.7 mm. (A, B): preserved specimen; (C): live specimen. Photographs by Darwin Nuñez and Valeria Chasiluisa.
Dataset for Body size impacts critical thermal maximum measurements in lizards
<p>Understanding the mechanisms behind critical thermal maxima (CTmax, the high body temperature at which neuromuscular coordination is lost) of organisms is central to understanding ectotherm thermal tolerance. Body size is an often overlooked variable that may affect interpretation of CTmax, and consequently, how CTmax is used to evaluate mechanistic hypotheses of thermal tolerance. We tested the hypothesis that body size affects CTmax and its interpretation in two experimental contexts. First, in four <i>Sceloporus</i> species, we examined how inter- and intra-specific variation in body size affected CTmax at normoxic and experimentally-induced hypoxic conditions, and cloacal heating rate under normoxic conditions. Negative relationships between body size and CTmax were exaggerated in larger species, and hypoxia-related reductions in CTmax were unaffected by body size. Smaller individuals had faster cloacal heating rates and higher CTmax, and variation in cloacal heating rate affected CTmax in the largest species. Second, we examined how body size interacted with the location of body temperature measurements (i.e., cloaca versus brain) in <i>Sceloporus occidentalis</i>, then compared this in living and deceased lizards. Brain temperatures were consistently lower than cloacal temperatures. Smaller lizards had larger brain-cloacal temperature differences than larger lizards, due to a slower cloacal heating rate in large lizards. Both live and dead lizards had lower brain than cloacal temperatures, suggesting living lizards do not actively maintain lower brain temperatures when they cannot pant. Thermal inertia influences CTmax data in complex ways, and body size should therefore be considered in studies involving CTmax data on species with variable sizes.</p>
Figure 1 in The northward extension of reptiles in the Palearctic, with the Jordan Valley (Israel) as a model: snakes outrace lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)
Figure 1. The geographical distribution of all records of lizards in the study area, solid circles. Also indicated are the approximate locations of some key localities for orientation, open squares.
Figure 4 in The northward extension of reptiles in the Palearctic, with the Jordan Valley (Israel) as a model: snakes outrace lizards (Reptilia: Squamata)
Figure 4. The geographical distribution, in the study area, of the records of two snake species: Echis coloratus terraesanctae (Viperidae), open circles, and Platyceps rogersi (Colubridae), solid circles. Some key localities for orientation are shown in Figure 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.