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FIGURES 9–11 in Towards resolving the problematic status of the digenean genus Astiotrema Looss 1900: An updated concept and revision of species composition for Astiotrema (sensu stricto)
FIGURES 9–11. Intra-specific variations observed in Astiotrema impletum (Looss, 1899) Looss, 1900 from the present study. 9. Voucher specimen of A. impletum, ventral view. 10. Voucher specimen of A. impletum, ventral view. 11. Voucher specimen of A. impletum, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AT, anterior testis; Ce, cecum; CP, cirrus-pouch; EP, excretory pore; Es, esophagus; GP, genital pore; MG, Mehlis' gland; OD, ovarian duct; OS, oral sucker; Ov, ovary; Ph, pharynx; PP, pars prostatica; PT, posterior testis; SR, seminal receptacle; SV, seminal vesicle; Ut, uterus; VF, vitelline follicle; VS, ventral sucker. Scale bars: Fig. 9 = 500 µm; Fig. 10 = 500 µm; Fig. 11 = 500 µm.
Data from: Tissue storage and primer selection influence pyrosequencing-based inferences of diversity and community composition of endolichenic and endophytic fungi
Next-generation sequencing technologies have provided unprecedented insights into fungal diversity and ecology. However, intrinsic biases and insufficient quality control in next-generation methods can lead to difficult-to-detect errors in estimating fungal community richness, distributions, and composition. The aim of this study was to examine how tissue storage prior to DNA extraction, primer design, and various quality-control approaches commonly used in 454 amplicon pyrosequencing might influence ecological inferences in studies of endophytic and endolichenic fungi. We first contrast 454 data sets generated contemporaneously from subsets of the same plant and lichen tissues that were stored in CTAB buffer, dried in silica gel, or freshly frozen prior to DNA extraction. We show that storage in silica gel markedly limits the recovery of sequence data and yields a small fraction of the diversity observed by the other two methods. Using lichen mycobiont sequences as internal positive controls, we next show that despite careful filtering of raw reads and utilization of current best-practice OTU clustering methods, homopolymer errors in sequences representing rare taxa artificially increased estimates of richness ca. 15-fold in a model data set. Third, we show that inferences regarding endolichenic diversity can be improved by using a novel primer that reduces amplification of the mycobiont. Together, our results provide a rationale for selecting tissue treatment regimes prior to DNA extraction, demonstrate the efficacy of reducing mycobiont amplification in studies of the fungal microbiomes of lichen thalli, and highlight the difficulties in differentiating true information about fungal biodiversity from methodological artifacts.
Invasive tree cover covaries with environmental factors to explain the functional composition of riparian plant communities
<p>Invasive species are a major cause of biodiversity loss worldwide, but their impact on communities and the mechanisms driving those impacts are varied and not well understood. This study employs functional diversity metrics and guilds - suites of species with similar traits - to assess the influence of an invasive tree (<em>Tamarix</em> spp.) on riparian plant communities in the southwestern United States. We asked: 1) What traits define riparian plant guilds in this system? 2) How do the abundances of guilds vary along gradients of <em>Tamarix </em>cover and abiotic conditions? 3) How does the functional diversity of the plant community respond to the gradients of <em>Tamarix </em>cover and abiotic conditions? We found nine distinct guilds primarily defined by reproductive strategy, as well as height, seed weight, specific leaf area, drought and anaerobic tolerance. Guild abundance varied along a covarying gradient of local and regional environmental factors and <em>Tamarix </em>cover. Guilds relying on sexual reproduction, in particular those producing many light seeds over a long period of time were more strongly associated with drier sites and higher <em>Tamarix </em>cover. <em>Tamarix </em>itself appeared to facilitate more shade tolerant species with higher specific leaf areas than would be expected in resource poor environments. Additionally, we found a high degree of specialization (low functional diversity) in the wettest, most flood-prone, lowest <em>Tamarix </em>cover sites as well as in the driest, most stable, highest <em>Tamarix </em>cover sites. These guilds can be used to anticipate plant community response to restoration efforts and in selecting appropriate species for revegetation.</p>
FIGURE 23. Loricella solomonensis n in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 23. Loricella solomonensis n. sp., Solomon Islands, holotype (MNHN-IM-2009-10555), BL 28.0 mm. A. Part of radula; B. Central and first lateral teeth.
FIGURE 20. Loricella neoguinensis n in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 20. Loricella neoguinensis n. sp., New Guinea Island, holotype (MNHN-IM-2013-45614) BL 16.0 mm. A. Part of radula; B. Insertion plate, ventral view; C. Central and first lateral teeth of radula; D. Insertion plate, lateral view.
FIGURE 19. Loricella neoguinensis n in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 19. Loricella neoguinensis n. sp., New Guinea Island, holotype (MNHN-IM-2013-45614) BL 16.0 mm. A. Dorsal scales, marginal spicules and ventral scales; B. Dorsal scales and bristles; C. Dorsal scales; D. Dorsal scales and marginal spicules.
FIGURE 22. Loricella solomonensis n in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 22. Loricella solomonensis n. sp., Solomon Islands, holotype (MNHN-IM-2009-10555), BL 28.0 mm. A. Dorsal, marginal and ventral scales; B. Dorsal scales and bristles; C. Dorsal scales; D. Dorsal scales and marginal spicules.
FIGURE 15 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 15. Loricella eernissei, New Zealand, (NMNZ M.319766), BL 22.0 mm. A. Valve V, dorsal view; B. Valve II, jugal area; C. Valve VIII, dorsal view; D. Valve V, detail of tegmentum in central and lateral areas; E. Valve IV, central area and jugal plate
FIGURE 18. Loricella neoguinensis n in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 18. Loricella neoguinensis n. sp., New Guinea Island, holotype (MNHN-IM-2013-45614) BL 16.0 mm. A. Valve I, dorsal view; B. Valve II, dorsal view; C. Valve V, dorsal view; D. Valve VIII, dorsal view; E. Valve VII, dorsal view; F. Valve VII, tegmentum sculpture in central and lateral areas; G. Valve V, rostral view; H. Valve VIII, lateral view.
FIGURE 21. Loricella solomonensis n in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 21. Loricella solomonensis n. sp., Solomon Islands, holotype (MNHN-IM-2009-10555), BL 28.0 mm. A. Damaged Valve I, dorsal view; B. Valve VII, dorsal view; C. Damaged Valve VIII, dorsal view; D. Valve IV, ventral view; E. Valve VII, tegmentum sculpture in central area; F. Valve VII, rostral view; G. Valve VIII, lateral view.
FIGURE 17 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 17. Loricella eernissei, New Zealand, (NMNZ M.319766), BL 22.0 mm. A. Dorsal scales, marginal spicules and ventral scales on edge of caudal incision; B. Part of radula; C. Central, first lateral, major lateral and major uncinal teeth of radula; D. Central and first lateral teeth of radula.
FIGURE 14 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 14. Loricella vanbellei, New Caledonia, (MNHN-IM-2013-49564), BL 11.0 mm. A. Portion of radula; B. Insertion plate, lateral view; C. Central and first lateral teeth of radula; D. Insertion plate, ventral view.
FIGURE 11 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 11. Loricella scissurata, Solomon Islands, (MNHN-IM-2013-59993), BL 16.5 mm. A. Insertion plate, ventral view; B. Insertion plate, lateral view.
FIGURE 10 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 10. Loricella scissurata, Solomon Islands, (MNHN-IM-2013-59993), BL 16.5 mm. A, C. Marginal needles and ventral scales; B. Dorsal scales and dorsal bristle with spicule; D. Central portion of radula.
FIGURE 13 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 13. Loricella vanbellei, New Caledonia, (MNHN-IM-2013-49564), BL 11.0 mm. A. Dorsal scales, marginal spicules and ventral scales; B. Dorsal scales; C. Dorsal scales and dorsal bristles; D. Dorsal scales and marginal spicules.
FIGURE 12 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 12. Loricella vanbellei, New Caledonia, (MNHN-IM-2013-49564), BL 11.0 mm. A. Valve I, dorsal view; B. Valve II, dorsal view; C. Valve V, dorsal view; D. Valve VIII, dorsal view; E. Valve V, detail of tegmentum in central and lateral areas; F. Valve V, rostral view; G. Valve VIII, lateral view.
FIGURE 16 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 16. Loricella eernissei, New Zealand, (NMNZ M.319766), BL 22.0 mm. A. Dorsal and ventral scales; B, C. Dorsal scales; D. Marginalspiculesanddorsalscales.
FIGURE 9 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 9. Loricella scissurata, Solomon Islands, (MNHN-IM-2013-59993), BL 16.5 mm. A. Dorsal, marginal and ventral scales; B. Dorsal scales, ventral view; C. Dorsal scale, lateral view; D, E. Dorsal scales, dorsal views.
FIGURE 8 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 8. Loricella scissurata, Solomon Islands, (MNHN-IM-2013-59993), BL 16.5 mm. A. Valve I, dorsal view; B. Valve II, dorsal view; C. Valve VII, dorsal view; D. Valve VIII, dorsal view; E. Valve VII, detail of tegmentum in central and lateral areas; F. Valve VII, rostral view; G. Valve VIII, lateral view.
FIGURE 7 in Composition of the genus Loricella (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: Loricidae) and the description of two new species
FIGURE 7. Loricella profundior, Tonga Islands, (MNHN-IM-2013-59983), BL 11.0 mm. A. Dorsal scales and marginal spicules; B. Part of radula; C. Insertion plate, ventral view; D. Insertion plate, lateral view.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.