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4,669 results for “Environment;”
Unpublished data, Massachusetts Department of Environment Protection, lake water chemistry data, 1995-2004
This database contains anion, nutrient, and secchi data collected by MA DEP for assessment of water quality in MA lakes. Data spans 1995-2004. The ultimate goal of the MassDEP is to implement a comprehensive monitoring program (status/assessment, trends and flows, and targeted) that serves all water quality management needs, and addresses streams, rivers, lakes, reservoirs, estuaries, coastal areas, wetlands, and groundwater. The five-year rotating watershed assessment program is currently the primary means of meeting the CWA objective related to assessing the status of designated uses. Requirements for the monitoring program designed to support watershed assessments, reflecting CWA mandates, are that it be statewide in scale, comprehensive (all water bodies in the Commonwealth are assessed), and repeated at regular intervals. Water quality surveys generally consist of five sampling events interspersed throughout the water recreation season for conventional water quality analyses such as pH, dissolved oxygen, suspended and total dissolved solids, nutrients, and fecal coliform bacteria.
Fate and Toxicity of Engineered Nanomaterials in the Environment: a Meta-analysis
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs, particles less than 100 nanometers) are being manufactured at increasing levels for a variety of reasons including cosmetics, food packaging and preservation, fertilizers, and medical technology. Thousands of metric tons of ENMs are released to soils, water bodies, air, and landfills each year. These particles have distinct properties owing to their small size and relatively large surface area to volume ratio. These characteristics can result in these materials having higher reactivity and toxicity in biological systems - especially because ENMs are small enough to enter cells. However, studies on environmental and ecological effects of ENMs have shown mixed results. The goal of this project is to address three primary research questions using meta-analysis of existing literature: 1) Which ENMs have been studied and in what context? 2) How do particle identity, size, concentration, and study duration influence toxicity (as estimated by response ratios, lethal concentration (LC50), and effective concentration (EC50)) in different organisms related to the role they play in the environment? 3) What are bioaccumulation, biomagnification, and bioconcentration factors of ENMs as a function of ecosystem role and trophic level in different organisms? We collected data from 191 published scientific papers and extracted 2102 unique observations that are used to address the questions outlined above. We calculated response ratios related to biological responses of biomass, diversity, growth, metabolism, and survival to evaluate how these are influenced by ENM exposure. Values of LC50 (concentration at which 50% of test organisms died) and EC50 (concentration at which 50% of test organisms showed an effect) were collected to estimate concentrations at which toxicity occurs. Bioaccumulation (BAF), bioconcentration (BCF), and biomagnification (BMF) factors were recorded to estimate environmental accumulation and trophic transfer. This work is a resu
Analysis of rooftop surface temperatures in an urban residential environment
The urban heat island (UHI) effect is an important worldwide problem caused by rapid urbanization. The mitigation efforts include using high albedo rooftops, green rooftops, and planting vegetation around the buildings. Rooftop properties such as albedo, color, material, slope, area, aspect, and height are factors that potentially contribute. Nearby landscaping is also important factors to be considered. To analyze rooftop parameters and outdoor landscaping, high spatial resolution satellite imagery, LIDAR (light detection and ranging) data and high resolution thermal imagery are necessary. Using data from the City of Tempe AZ, we digitized residential rooftop footprints and derived rooftop configuration parameters from airborne LIDAR data and QuickBird imagery (2.4 m resolution imagery). High resolution daytime and nighttime surface temperature data (7m) were derived from the MODIS/ASTER airborne simulator (MASTER). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was utilized to explore the relationships between residential building rooftops and rooftop surface temperature in Tempe. The results showed that daytime rooftop surface temperature was related to rooftop spectral attributes, slope, aspect, and surrounding trees. Night time temperature was only affected by rooftop spectral attributes and slope.
Evaluating water and energy fluxes across three distinct land cover types in a desert urban environment
Urbanization impacts surface energy and water balances across multiple spatial and temporal scales, which can be particularly important in desert cities where resources are limited. Urban climate observations are limited, especially over a variety of locations that represent urban land cover. To help address the lack of observations over different urban land cover types, a mobile eddy covariance tower (ECT) was deployed at three different locations in the Phoenix metropolitan area, representing a xeric landscape (drip irrigated palo verde trees with gravel), a parking lot, and a mesic landscape (sprinkler irrigated turf grass). In this project, data obtained from the mobile ECT deployments will be coupled with data from an eddy covariance tower managed by CAP LTER in the Maryvale suburb of Phoenix, Arizona. Data is processed to obtain energy and water fluxes, which are controlled by land surface characteristics, over the four distinct land cover types.
Yield data for "Sanford, G. R. et.al. 2016. Comparative productivity of alternative cellulosic bioenergy cropping systems in the North Central USA. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 216:344-355."
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Ministry of Environment of Québec (2011-2014) web archive collection derivatives
<p>Web archive derivatives of the Ministry of Environment of Québec (2011-2014) collection from the <a href="https://www.banq.qc.ca/accueil/">Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec</a>. The derivatives were created with the <a href="https://github.com/archivesunleashed/aut/">Archives Unleashed Toolkit</a>. Merci beaucoup BAnQ!</p> <p>These derivatives are in the <a href="https://parquet.apache.org/">Apache Parquet format</a>, which is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Column-oriented_DBMS">columnar storage</a> format. These derivatives are generally small enough to work with on your local machine, and can be easily converted to Pandas DataFrames. See <a href="https://github.com/archivesunleashed/notebooks/blob/master/parquet_pandas_example.ipynb">this</a> notebook for examples.</p> <p><strong>Domains</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-java">.webpages().groupBy(ExtractDomainDF($"url").alias("url")).count().sort($"count".desc)</code></pre> <p>Produces a DataFrame with the following columns:</p> <ul> <li>domain</li> <li>count</li> </ul> <p><strong>Web Pages</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-java">.webpages().select($"crawl_date", $"url", $"mime_type_web_server", $"mime_type_tika", RemoveHTMLDF(RemoveHTTPHeaderDF(($"content"))).alias("content"))</code></pre> <p>Produces a DataFrame with the following columns:</p> <ul> <li>crawl_date</li> <li>url</li> <li>mime_type_web_server</li> <li>mime_type_tika</li> <li>content</li> </ul> <p><strong>Web Graph</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-java">.webgraph()</code></pre> <p>Produces a DataFrame with the following columns:</p> <ul> <li>crawl_date</li> <li>src</li> <li>dest</li> <li>anchor</li> </ul> <p><strong>Image Links</strong></p> <pre><code class="language-java">.imageLinks()</code></pre> <p>Produces a DataFrame with the following columns:</p> <ul> <li>src</li> <li>image_url</li> </ul> <p><a href="https://github.com/archivesunleashed/aut-docs/blob/master/current/binary-analysis.md#binary-analysis"><strong>Binary Analysis</strong></a></p> <ul> <li>Audio</li> <li>Images</li> <li>PDFs</li> <li>Presentation program files</li> <li>Spreadsheets</li> <li>Text files</li> <li>Videos</li> <li>Word processor files</li> </ul>
Investigating the dynamics of microbial consortia in spatially structured environments - Source Data
<p>Source data and model code for the following publication:</p> <p><strong>Investigating the dynamics of microbial consortia in spatially structured environments</strong></p>
A Detailed View of the Circumstellar Environment and Disk of the Forming O-star AFGL 4176 - Online Data
<p>These data accompany the ApJ paper Johnston et al. (2020), "A Detailed View of the Circumstellar Environment and Disk of the Forming O-star AFGL 4176" </p> <p>ArXiv link: <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.13739">https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.13739</a></p> <p>Abstract: We present a detailed analysis of the disk and circumstellar environment of the forming O-type star AFGL 4176 mm1, placing results from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) into context with multiwavelength data. With ALMA, we detect seventeen 1.2 mm continuum sources within 5" (21,000 au) of AFGL 4176 mm1. We find that mm1 has a spectral index of 3.4±0.2 across the ALMA band, with >87% of its 1.2 mm continuum emission from dust. The source mm2, projected 4200 au from mm1, may be a companion or a blueshifted knot in a jet. We also explore the morphological differences between the molecular lines detected with ALMA, finding 203 lines from 25 molecules, which we categorize into several morphological types. Our results show that AFGL 4176 mm1 provides an example of a forming O-star with a large and chemically complex disk, which is mainly traced by nitrogen-bearing molecules. Lines that show strong emission on the blueshifted side of the disk are predominantly oxygen-bearing, which we suggest are tracing a disk accretion shock. The molecules C^{34}S, H2CS and CH3CCN trace a slow wide-angle wind or dense structures in the outflow cavity walls. With the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), we detect a compact continuum source (<2000 x 760 au) at 1.2 cm, associated with mm1, of which >96% is from ionized gas. The ATCA NH3(1,1) and (2,2) emission traces a large-scale (r ~ 0.5 pc) rotating toroid with the disk source mm1 in the blueshifted part of this structure offset to the northwest.</p> <p>A list and short description of the files in this Zenodo dataset are given in the file <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/9c854b6e-4b23-4c32-9322-005b82b9eaf8/README_Johnstonetal2020.txt">README_Johnstonetal2020.txt</a>.</p>
Data from: Rapid responses of soil microorganisms improve plant fitness in novel environments
Global change is challenging plant and animal populations with novel environmental conditions, including increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, warmer temperatures, and altered precipitation regimes. In some cases, contemporary or "rapid" evolution can ameliorate the effects of global change. However, the direction and magnitude of evolutionary responses may be contingent upon interactions with other community members that also are experiencing novel environmental conditions. Here, we examine plant adaptation to drought stress in a multigeneration experiment that manipulated aboveground–belowground feedbacks between plants and soil microbial communities. Although drought stress reduced plant growth and accelerated plant phenologies, surprisingly, plant evolutionary responses to drought were relatively weak. In contrast, plant fitness in both drought and nondrought environments was linked strongly to the rapid responses of soil microbial community structure to moisture manipulations. Specifically, plants were most fit when their contemporary environmental conditions (wet vs. dry soil) matched the historical environmental conditions (wet vs. dry soil) of their associated microbial community. Together, our findings suggest that, when faced with environmental change, plants may not be limited to "adapt or migrate" strategies; instead, they also may benefit from association with interacting species, especially diverse soil microbial communities, that respond rapidly to environmental change.
Data from: The effects of nutrient enrichment and invasive mollusks on freshwater environments
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>The effects of invasive species might be altered by anthropogenic activities such as nutrient pollution or the presence of additional invasive species with similar or unique traits. Using experimental mesocosms, we tested the separate and combined effects of three invasive mollusks (zebra mussels, Asian clams, and banded mystery snails) on freshwater environments in nutrient-poor and nutrient-enriched conditions. We predicted that in nutrient-poor conditions, single mollusk species would reduce the abundance of algae and zooplankton, but nutrient enrichment would mitigate these effects. Regardless of nutrient additions, paired bivalve species would reduce phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance, increasing periphyton biomass. Bivalves and snails paired together would reduce periphyton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton compared to communities with paired bivalve species. Finally, nutrient enrichment would increase the survival or biomass of paired bivalves and snails. Single, paired, and three co-occurring invasive mollusks did not affect algae or zooplankton abundance. Banded mystery snails reduced nutrient concentrations in high-nutrient conditions more than other invasive species, but the reduced nutrients did not affect algal abundance. Paired invasive species did not affect the survival or biomass of other invasive species. Nutrient enrichment increased the biomass of zebra mussels and mystery snails, but not Asian clams. Additionally, zebra mussel reproduction increased in the high nutrient treatment when banded mystery snails were present, but not when all three species were together. We conclude that human-induced trophic states might determine the effects that single and multiple invasive species have in freshwater environments. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
The students' perception of educational environment at Sawai Man Singh Medical College in Jaipur, India
<p>We use the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) in a cross-sectional design to assess the student’s perception of the educational environment in the undergraduate Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) course at Sawai Man Singh Medical School in Jaipur, India in 2014. DREEM is a culturally-agnostic questionnaire of 50 items with each item scored on a five-point Likert scale. It measures perception of learning, perception of teachers, academic self-perception, perception of atmosphere, and social self-perception.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Milanović M, Knapp S, Pyšek P, Kühn I (2020) Trait–environment relationships of plant species at different stages of the introduction process. NeoBiota 58: 55-74. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.58.51655
Tables S1, S2
Figure 6.2 in Taphonomy and environment of deposition of a juvenile tyrannosaurid skeleton from the Hell Creek Formation (latest Maastridhtian) of southeastern Montana
Figure 6.2. Jane Quarry Hell Creek Formation Latest Maastrichtian) northwestern Carter County MT.
Data from: Artificial agri-environment scheme ponds do not replicate natural environments despite higher aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate richness and abundance
<p class="MsoNoSpacing">1. Farmland ponds are a highly threatened freshwater habitat which has undergone dramatic losses during the last 200 years due to land drainage schemes and agricultural intensification. Agri-environment schemes (AES) incentivise farmers to adopt farming methods to benefit biodiversity, yet there are a paucity of data evaluating the success of artificially created AES ponds as analogues of natural ponds in an attempt to recreate lost environments.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">2. We examined variation in environmental parameters and aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate communities between 38 natural ponds and 91 artificial ponds that were created in south-west Ireland (<i>n</i>=129).</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">3. Artificial ponds in agricultural grassland did not replicate natural ponds in adjacent semi-natural habitats differing significantly in size, pH, conductivity, productivity (indicated by submerged and emergent plant cover including algae) and surrounding vegetation structure i.e. sward height. These differences significantly influenced aquatic and terrestrial invertebrate community structure with a suite of indicator taxa in both natural and artificial ponds.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing">4. The conservation value of artificial ponds in agricultural grasslands should not be underestimated as they had 43% higher aquatic species richness and 33% higher aquatic species abundance than natural ponds in adjacent semi-natural habitats.</p> <p class="MsoNoSpacing"><i>5. Synthesis and applications</i>. We demonstrate that artificial agri-environment scheme ponds created in agricultural grasslands, whilst not direct analogues of natural ponds in adjacent semi-natural habitats, do fulfil a role in preserving high local biodiversity albeit representing a different community of species. Creation of ponds in farmland as well as in adjacent natural habitats could provide a wider range of environmental conditions and richer associated macroinvertebrate communities, increasing landscape connectivity and further enhancing regional biodiversity.</p>
Survival benefits of group living in a fluctuating environment
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Group living is only predicted to arise when the fitness benefits outweigh the costs of sociality. Group-living species—including cooperatively breeding and family-living birds and mammals—occur most frequently in environments where climatic conditions fluctuate unpredictably from year-to-year. The fitness consequences of group living are thus expected to vary with changing environmental conditions, though few studies have examined this possibility. We examined whether living in large social groups improves adult survivorship in cooperatively breeding superb starlings (<i>Lamprotornis superbus</i>). We also tested the hypothesis that larger groups buffer against harsh conditions by increasing survivorship most under periods of low rainfall. We found that group size was positively correlated with adult survival, but in a sex-specific manner: female survival increased with group size across all environmental conditions, whereas male survival only increased with group size in wet years. Together with previous work in this system, our results suggest that larger groups confer survival benefits by reducing predation, rather than improving access to food or buffering against physiological stress. Although group living does not appear to buffer against harsh conditions in adult starlings living in a fluctuating environment, living in larger groups does confer a survival advantage. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
UniChem: Molecular Chemistry in a Supercomputing Environment
<p>Movie presenting UNICHEM chemical modelling software form Cary, Inc.</p> <p>The first part presents the software, GUI, components and methods; the second part presents the three cases od research done at CSIRO using this software: hydrogeneted C60H32, surface plasmons on C60 molecule, and neurominidase research Later to be known as Relenza - a flu medicine).</p>
Children across cultures respond emotionally to the acoustic environment
<p>Among human and non-human animals, the ability to respond rapidly to biologically significant events in the environment is essential for survival and development. Research has confirmed that human adult listeners respond emotionally to environmental sounds just as they understand the emotional connotations of speech prosody and music. However, it is unknown whether young children also respond emotionally to environmental sounds. Here, we report that changes in pitch, rate (i.e., playback speed), and intensity (i.e., amplitude) of environmental sounds trigger emotional responses in 4- and 5-year-old children, including sounds of human actions, animal calls, machinery, or natural phenomena such as wind and waves. This phenomenon was observed for children from the United States and China – countries with drastically different cultural traditions. We discuss theoretical frameworks that predict convergent emotional responses to music, speech, and environmental sounds, focusing on Charles Darwin's hypothesis that speech and music originated from a common emotional signal system based on the imitation and modification of environmental sounds.</p>
Fact Sheet: Introduction Virtual Research Environments and Overview
<p><strong>English:</strong></p> <p>Virtual Research Environments (VREs) are digital working platforms which enable scienctists to work cooperatively in a time- and location-independent way. Due to the increase of digital research data and the international collaboration of researchers, VREs gain in importance. Numerous VREs have been developed in different projects to support the work of researchers in a variety of disciplines. However, the thematic focus and functionality differ between available VREs.</p> <p>The new fact sheet summarizes important information about and requirements for VREs. In addition to the fact sheet we developed a summary of currently existing VREs for different disciplines which gives an overview over their scope and functionality.</p> <p>-------------------------------------------</p> <p><strong>German:</strong></p> <p>Virtuelle Forschungsumgebungen (VFUs) sind digitale Arbeitsplattformen, die es Wissenschaftlern ermöglichen zeit- und ortsunabhängig vernetzt zusammenzuarbeiten. Durch die Zunahme an digitalen Forschungsdaten und die stärkere internationale Zusammenarbeit von Wissenschaftlern gewinnen diese Anwendungen an Bedeutung. In den letzten Jahren wurden in zahlreichen Projekten neue VFUs für verschiedene Fachdisziplinen entwickelt. Dabei sind der thematische Schwerpunkt und der Funktionsumfang der verschiedenen VFUs sehr unterschiedlich.</p> <p>Mit der neuen Handreichung möchten wir allen Interessierten wichtige Informationen rund um das Thema VFU zur Verfügung stellen und einen Überblick über momentan verfügbare Systeme geben. Zusätzlich zu der Handreichung haben wir eine Zusammenfassung mit Informationen zu Virtuellen Forschungsumgebungen aus verschiedenen Fachbereichen zusammengestellt.</p> <p><strong>Daten in der Tabelle:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Name der Virtuellen Forschungsumgebung</li> <li>Fachgebiet</li> <li>Offenheit</li> <li>Zugänglichkeit</li> <li>Verfügbarkeit von Informationen zum Betriebs-/Nutzungsmodell</li> <li>Read-Only</li> <li>Themengebunden</li> <li>Möglichkeit der Verwaltung eigener Daten</li> <li>Eigene Daten zugriffsbeschränkt</li> <li>Link</li> </ul>
Figures 3-5 from: França LF, Figueiredo-Paixão V, Duarte-Silva TA, Santos K (2020) The effects of rainfall and arthropod abundance on breeding season of insectivorous birds, in a semi-arid neotropical environment. Zoologia 37: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e37716
Figures 3-5 (3) Aerial arthropod biomass, (4) accumulated precipitation and (5) active brood patches, during 27 sampling events. Data recorded between October 2015 and October 2016, with 14-day intervals, in an area of seasonally dry Neotropical forest in northeastern Brazil. The biomass were converted to proportion using the ratio between abundance at each sampling event and total abundance during the study. Brood patch was converted to proportion using the ratio between individuals with brood patches and total individuals captured during a sampling event. *In one month, we had three, instead of two, monthly samplings as a result of the 14-day interval between samples.
Figures 1-2 from: França LF, Figueiredo-Paixão V, Duarte-Silva TA, Santos K (2020) The effects of rainfall and arthropod abundance on breeding season of insectivorous birds, in a semi-arid neotropical environment. Zoologia 37: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.37.e37716
Figures 1-2 (1) Biomass and (2) number of arthropods recorded during 27 sampling events. Solid lines represent the aerial arthropods (windowpane trap and suction sampler), while dashed lines show terrestrial arthropod (pitfall trap). Data recorded between October 2015 and October 2016, with 14-day intervals, in an area of seasonally dry Neotropical forest, in northeastern Brazil. The abundance (biomass and number) were converted to proportion using the ratio between abundance at each sampling event and total abundance during the study. *In one month, we had three, instead of two, monthly samplings as a result of the 14-day interval between samples.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.