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opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

52 Block--63k or 50k scale Maps of South Asia

73 maps of the Survey of India covering block 52.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Data associated with studies on the establishment, winter activity, and dispersal of crapemyrtle bark scale

These data files are associated with studies on the establishment, winter activity, and dispersal of crapemyrtle bark scale .

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Bryophyte assembly rules across scales

<ol> <li>Understanding how species assemble into communities is a central issue in community ecology. So far, most studies have focused on the assembly mechanisms of vascular plant communities, while the role of deterministic (environmental filtering and biotic interactions) and stochastic (e.g., dispersal limitation) processes structuring bryophyte assemblages remains poorly understood.</li> <li>To evaluate how different assembly processes shape bryophyte communities in mountain streams, we examined functional trait patterns across spatial scales and along environmental gradients. To do so, we sampled 754 microhabitat plots (0.25 m2) nested within 165 sites (100-m long stream segments) and 13 sub-basins, located in the northwest and central-west of Portugal. At each spatial scale, observed functional diversity indices (Functional Richness and Rao's quadratic entropy) were compared to random expectations derived from null models, followed by the analysis of changes in functional trait patterns along environmental gradients by fitting a series of generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs).</li> <li>At local scales (site and microhabitat plot), coexisting species tended to be more functionally similar than expected, suggesting the prevalence of environmental filtering effects. In contrast, no significant deviations from random expectations were detected at the broadest spatial scale (sub-basin), indicating the prevalence of stochastic processes. We found contrasting assembly processes along environmental gradients: environmental filtering prevailed in stressful environments, while competitive interactions were more important in favourable conditions.</li> <li>Synthesis. Our results highlight the role of environmental filtering in bryophyte community assembly at fine spatial scales, emphasizing the importance of measuring environmental conditions at the same spatial scales where biotic interactions take place. In line with the stress-dominance hypothesis, the relative importance of environmental filtering increased with abiotic stress. Thus, analysing functional trait patterns across different spatial scales and environmental gradients may contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying community assembly.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroApr 2023View details →

Effective management for deadwood-dwelling lichen diversity requires landscape-scale habitat protection

<ol> <li>Habitat loss is considered a major threat for biodiversity. However, the scales on which its effects occur are still insufficiently understood, namely, is the amount of available habitat important for species richness on both local and landscape scales? We studied the effects of local and landscape-scale habitat amount on local-scale species density of deadwood-dependent lichens in Swedish boreal forests. Creation and retention of dead wood are common practices to benefit forest biodiversity, and recognizing the relevant scale is critical for them to be successful.</li> <li>We surveyed deadwood-dependent lichens in 90 unmanaged forest stands that differed in the local and landscape habitat amount. The local habitat amount was measured as the amount of dead wood in the sampled stands (m2 dead wood/ha), while six alternative proxies were used to estimate the landscape habitat amount, i.e., the amount of dead wood in the landscapes surrounding the sampled forest stands. Lichen species density (number of species per standardized dead wood area of 3.7 m2) was modelled as a function of local habitat amount and landscape habitat amount at multiple scales (300 m – 5 km from the stands).</li> <li>We found that lichen species density increased with the landscape habitat amount. The proportion of old forests (> 100 years, including newly clear-cut stands that until recently were old forests) within 5 km from the studied stands explained species density better than the other proxies of landscape habitat amount. Local dead wood amount did not affect species density, and there was no interaction between the local and landscape habitat amount. </li> <li> Synthesis and applications: To promote the conservation of deadwood-dependent lichens, the amount of old forests in managed forest landscapes should be maintained or increased. A certain amount of dead wood hosted more lichen species when situated in a landscape with more old forest, while there was no effect of the local dead wood amount. This suggests that management aimed at increasing the local species density of deadwood-dwelling lichens should focus on creating and maintaining habitat in the surrounding landscape rather than on only adding deadwood to that local site. In other words, effective management for deadwood-dependent lichen diversity requires landscape-scale habitat protection.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Extreme Flood Sediment Production and Export Controlled by Reach-scale Morphology

Output data resulting from the analysis of the morphological impact of the 30th July 2019 flood event on the catchments of Slei Gill, Grinton Beck and Barney Beck, located in Upper Swaledale, North Yorkshire, UK. The data comprise processed DEMs of Difference (DoDs) calculated from pre- and post-event topography, simulations of maximum water depth for each catchment derived from modelling within HEC-RAS v2.6.1, and point clouds of the post-event topography.

Comparing thermal regime stages along a small Yakutian fluvial valley with point scale measurements, thermal modeling and near surface geophysics

<ul> <li>Dataset associated with the paper :</li> </ul> "Comparing thermal regime stages along a small Yakutian fluvial valley with point scale measurements, thermal modeling and near surface geophysics" Emmanuel Léger 1 , Albane Saintenoy 1 ,Christophe Grenier 2,&dagger; , Antoine Séjourné1 , Eric Pohl2,3 , Frédéric Bouchard4, Marc Pessel1 , Kirill Bazhin5 , Kencheeri Danilov5, François Costard1 , Claude Mugler2 , Alexander Fedorov5 , and Ivan Khristoforov5 and Pavel Konstantinov5 1 Laboratoire Geosciences Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, GEOPS, 91405, Orsay, France. 2 Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de L’Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France 3 Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland 4 Universite de Sherbrooke Département de géomatique appliquée, Sherbrooke, QC, CA 5 Melnikov Permafrost Institute, Yakutsk, Yakutia.

Individual-plant selectivity by sheep in drylands scales-up at plant population level and controls the forage supply and its accessibility

Diet selectivity by domestic herbivores controls plant community structure and dynamics and may induce rangeland degradation, particularly in drylands. However, management decisions frequently ignore herbivore selectivity. Here, we studied how grass morphology controls sheep selectivity for individual plants, and how this selectivity interacts with grazing intensity to determine population plant-size distributions and the forage supply. In Patagonian steppes, we manipulated the plant morphology (size and standing-dead proportion) of three dominant grass species differentially preferred by sheep for four years. Then, we evaluated how these morphological alterations affected intra- and inter-specific preference patterns. We also evaluated how grazing intensity (ungrazed, moderate grazing, and intensive grazing) affected the plant-size distribution of the three species, the forage supply, and its accessibility. For the highly preferred species, herbivores selected plants that were either naturally or experimentally short, with low proportion of standing-dead biomass. In contrast, morphological changes did not alter the within-species selectivity of the least preferred species. Grazing intensity strongly changed the population plant-size distribution of preferred species in ways that resembled the experimental manipulations of morphology. Moderate grazing showed the greatest morphological heterogeneity among individuals. When integrating the green biomass of forage species' individuals at ecosystem level, we found that the forage supply was the highest in ungrazed sites and decreased as grazing intensity increased. However, considering the dissuading effect of the standing-dead proportion of plants, the accessible forage was the highest under moderate grazing. Synthesis and applications. Our findings (i) showed that, within preferred species, sheep selectivity at individual-plant level is controlled by morphological characteristics that determine accessibility to green high-quality biomass. This effect was as important as that of species identity; (ii) empirically proved plant-animal positive feedback at individual level; and (iii) revealed how the individual-plant selectivity scales-up at population level and controls the forage supply, but also its accessibility. Our complementary approach generates critical knowledge for developing management practices to control key forage species defoliation and to adjust the grazing pressure to the offer of accessible forage, avoiding the common carrying capacity overestimation. These aspects are essential for sustainable production in grazed drylands.

Dataset from 'Klever, L., Beyvers, M., Fiehler, K., Mamassian, P., & Billino, J. (2023). Cross-modal metacognition: Visual and tactile confidence share a common scale. Journal of Vision, 23(5): 3, 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1167/jov.23.5.1

We provide two files: - "data.txt": data file containing the data of our final sample (N=54) on which analyses are based - "column_description.txt": description file providing information on the content of each column in the data file ___________________________________________ For further questions, please contact: jutta.billino[at]psychol.uni-giessen.de

Code for Producing a Pixel-scale Corrected Nighttime Light Dataset (PCNL, 1992-2021) Combining DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS

We proposed a set of DMSP-OLS and NPP-VIIRS inter-correction methods and produced a pixel-scale corrected nighttime light dataset (PCNL, 1992-2021). Two sets of reliable global nighttime light datasets were chosen as the basis. CCNL-DMSP (1992-2013) is a consistent and corrected nighttime light dataset produced from DMSP-OLS. CCNL-DMSP mainly solved three problems of DMSP-OLS, namely, interannual inconsistency, saturation and blooming. The annual VNL-VIIRS dataset available on the Earth Observation Group website was also used, and the monthly median masked data of V21 was selected. Using filtering and employing outlier removal, VNL-VIIRS has removed sunlit, moonlit and cloudy pixels, and has discarded biomass burning pixels. PCNL shows a great temporal and spatial consistency at both the pixel scale and the regional scale.

SCALE-WIN22 cruise track, stations, sea-ice edge, and SAR images on Google Earth

This Google Earth KMZ file contains the cruise track of the SCALE-WIN22 expedition, the description of activities on each station, the daily ice-edge location, and the quick-view SAR images. This is an interactive description of the cruise report: Vichi, M. (2023). SCALE-WIN22 Cruise Report. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7901529">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7901529</a> The layers are separated in single folders that can be activated or deactivated. All data have a time stamp and a time span. By moving the time slider on the upper left (and adjusting the time interval), it is possible to follow the ship and display the corresponding SAR images and sea-ice edge. All the images are displayed for a time duration of one day. The exact time and name of the image is found in the object description. Legend: <ul> <li>White line: ship track</li> <li>Red pin: station (with the main activities: refer to the report for more informations)</li> <li>Yellow pin: ship location at the time of the COSMO-SkyMed image</li> <li>Green pin:  ship location at the time of the Terrasar-X image</li> <li>Red thick line: sea-ice edge from AMSR2 (green shading is the uncertainty)</li> </ul> Quick-view SAR images are courtesy of DLR and ASI. Sea-ice edge location was produced by SAWS. The code to generate the KML file is available on github: <a href="https://github.com/mvichi/SCALE">https://github.com/mvichi/SCALE</a>

Dataset for the Indonesian Interprofessional Socialisation and Valuing Scale (ISVS)-19

The dataset is used for the analysis of an article titled: Psychometric evaluation of the culturally adapted Interprofessional Socialisation and Valuing Scale (ISVS)-19 for health practitioners and students in Indonesia.

Scaling of biological rates with body size as a backbone in the assembly of metacommunity biodiversity

The dispersal-body mass association has been highlighted as a main determinant of biodiversity patterns in metacommunities. However, less attention has been devoted to other well recognized determinants of metacommunity diversity: the scaling in density and regional richness with body size. Among active dispersers, the increase in movement with body size may enhance local richness and decrease beta diversity. Nevertheless, the reduction of population size and regional richness with body mass may determine a negative diversity-body size association. Consequently, metacommunity assembly probably emerges from a balance between the effect of these scalings. We formalize this hypothesis relating the exponents of size-scaling rules with simulated trends in alpha, beta, and gamma diversity with body size. Our results highlight that the diversity-body size relationship in metacommunities may be driven by the combined effect of different scaling rules. Given their ubiquity in most terrestrial and aquatic biotas, these scaling rules may represent the basic determinants—backbone—of biodiversity, over which other mechanisms operate determining metacommunity assembly. Further studies are needed, aimed at explaining biodiversity patterns from functional relationships between biological rates and body size, as well as their association with environmental conditions and species interactions.

Experimental dataset on a large-scale urban drainage physical facility

The present dataset contains the results from the test carried out at a large-scale urban drainage facility located in the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Centre of Technological Innovation in Construction and Civil Engineering (CITEEC) at the University of A Coruña (Spain) within the scope of the project SATURNO - Early warning against pluvial flooding in urban areas [PID2020-118368RB-I00]. The main goal of the project SATURNO is to establish a robust methodology for the development and implementation of operational Early Warning System (EWS) for pluvial flood risk in urban areas. The experimental facility represents a T-intersection street of 100 m2 linked to a sewer system, and it is equipped with a rainfall simulator able to generate spatially homogeneous rainfall intensities. The dataset includes the results of experiments on roofs, street surfaces, inlets, manholes and the outfall of the drainage system as well as all products obtained during the tests. The dataset is structured in the following items: <ul> <li>01_Physical_model_description: Full description of the urban drainage installation.</li> <li>02_Geometries: Geometry of streets, roofs, and drainage network ready for import into numerical.</li> <li>03_Rain_intensity_maps: Rainfall maps of the intensities generated with the rainfall simulator in the experiments.</li> <li>04_Digital_Elevation_Models: Digital Terrain Models of the street surface and roofs.</li> <li>05_Experimental_procedure: Full description of the experimental procedure, equipment, measuring points, results, and structure of the database.</li> <li>06_ Hydraulic_tests_database: Database with post-processed experimental results ready for use. Results of flow rates of the 4 roofs, the 4 inlets, the 4 manholes, the grate and the outfall and the depths of the 9 surface points are presented. A file with additional data on the measuring points is also included.</li> <li>07_Supplementary_material: QGIS project with the products obtained.</li> <li>08_Multimedia: Photos and videos of the platform and experiments.</li> </ul> The roofs results have been used in Sañudo et al. (2022) to assess three different numerical implementations to model rainfall-runoff transformation on roofs [DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14588">https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14588</a>] This study was received financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) within the project “SATURNO: Early warning against pluvial flooding in urban areas” (PID2020-118368RB-I00).

Data from: Local and landscape scale woodland cover and diversification of agroecological practices shape butterfly communities in tropical smallholder landscapes

The conversion of biodiversity-rich woodland to farmland and subsequent management has strong, often negative, impacts on biodiversity. In tropical smallholder agricultural landscapes, the impacts of agriculture on insect communities, both through habitat change and subsequent farmland management, is understudied. The use of agroecological practices has social and agronomic benefits for smallholders. Although ecological co-benefits of agroecological practices are assumed, systematic empirical assessments of biodiversity effects of agroecological practices are missing, particularly in Africa. In Malawi, we assessed butterfly abundance, species richness, species assemblages and community life-history traits on 24 paired woodland and smallholder-managed farmland sites located across a gradient of woodland cover within a 1 km radius. We tested whether habitat type (woodland vs. farmland) and woodland cover at the landscape scale interactively shaped butterfly communities. Farms varied in the implementation of agroecological pest and soil management practices and flowering plant species richness. Farmland had lower butterfly abundances and approximately half the species richness than woodland. Farmland butterfly communities had, on average, a larger wingspan than woodland site communities. Surprisingly, higher woodland cover in the landscape had no effect on butterfly abundance in both habitats. In contrast, species richness was higher with higher woodland cover. Butterfly species assemblages were distinct between wood- and farmland and shifted across the woodland cover gradient. Farmland butterfly abundance, but not species richness, was higher with higher flowering plant species richness on farms. Farms with a higher number of agroecological pest management practices had a lower abundance of the dominant butterfly species, but not of rarer species. However, a larger number of agroecological soil management practices was associated with a higher abundance of rarer species. Synthesis and applications: We show that diversified agroecological soil practices and flowering plant richness enhanced butterfly abundance on farms. However, our results suggest that on-farm measures cannot compensate for the negative effects of continued woodland conversion. Therefore, we call for more active protection of remaining African woodlands in tandem with promoting agroecological soil management practices and on-farm flowering plant richness to conserve butterflies whilst benefiting smallholders.

Exact large-scale fluctuations of the phase field in the sine-Gordon model

Raw data and Mathematica Notebooks for the thermodynamics and phase correlations in the sine-Gordon model It can be found: <ol> <li>A transfer matrix code for equilibrium correlation functions.</li> <li>A solver for the classical Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz and the correlation functions of the phase field.</li> <li>A solver of the Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz of the quantum sine-Gordon at the reflectionless points, and the computation of cumulants of the phase field.</li> <li>Monte Carlo data presented in the paper: cumulants of the phase field at unequal times on homogeneous thermal background and phase correlation on the inhomogeneous background mimicking the tunnel-coupled experiments.</li> <li>Mathematica notebooks that read the data and produce the figures shown in the paper.</li> </ol>

Atomic-scale polarization switching in wurtzite ferroelectrics - dDPC data

Scanning transmission electron microscopy images in differenciated differential phase contrast (dDPC) mode for Al1-xBxN with x= 0 and 0.06.  dDPC_AlN0 correspond to pure AlN dDPC_AlBN6 and dDPC_AlBN6_Cycled correspond to Al0.94B0.06N before and after waking up.

Atomic-scale polarization switching in wurtzite ferroelectrics - DFT data

Data and models include structure files, nudged-elastic-band input/output files, plots, and GIF files of the polarization reversal for AlN and (Al,B)N.

Data for: At a fine scale, hardwood patches support wildlife diversity in longleaf pine woodlands

Restoring and maintaining biodiversity in a changing world is increasingly challenging due to the competing needs of species for suitable space and resources. One ecosystem that has seen considerable anthropogenic changes in extent and structure is the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystem. Understanding how wildlife responds to restoration is important to informing forest restoration and conservation. We monitored game birds and mid-large-sized mammal occupancy in and around hardwood patches embedded within a longleaf pine woodland at The Jones Center at Ichauway in Newton, GA. We found that 11 species use the transition zone between the longleaf pine and hardwood hammocks. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana), nine-banded armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus) occupancy increased along the gradient while and fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) declined. Our results suggest that oak patches and transitional zones are important to maintaining biodiversity within the longleaf pine ecosystem.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Agroforestry-based community forestry as a large-scale strategy to reforest agricultural encroachment areas in Myanmar: ambition vs. local reality

Abstract:  Context:  The high rate of deforestation in Myanmar is mainly due to agricultural expansion. One task of the Forest Department is to increase tree cover in the encroaching farmland by establishing large-scale agroforestry-based community forests (ACFs). Aim:  The objectives of this study were to analyze the adoption and performance of the ACFs in the agricultural encroachment areas in the Bago-Yoma region, Myanmar; and to provide recommendations to enhance the adoption of ACFs by farmers. Methods:  We inventoried 42 sample plots and surveyed 291 farmers. Survey responses were analyzed by binary logistic regression, one-way ANOVA, and non-parametric correlation tests to evaluate factors influencing the adoption of ACFs. Stand characteristics were calculated from the inventory data to evaluate the performance of ACFs. Results:  Our results show that farmer participation in ACFs was lower than stated in the registry of the Forest Department. Farmers practiced four different agroforestry designs in ACFs with different outcomes. The Forest Department strongly determined tree species and planting designs, farmers’ perception and participation in ACFs. Farmland size, unclear and insufficient information on ACFs, and a negative perception of raising trees in crop fields were the major factors limiting the adoption rates of ACFs.  Conclusion:  We recommend capacity building for farmers and Forest Department staff and raising awareness about the benefits of planting designs and trees on farmland. A stronger consideration of farmers’ preferences for design and species selection could increase their motivation to adopt ACFs and improve the long-term sustainability of ACFs.