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12,309 results for “America”
FIGURE 12 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 12: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. rostral opening and fangs (LT-SEM): A – frontal aspect of rostrum showing opening for fangs surrounded by adoral setae (ad); B – lateral view of rostrum with both fangs partially extended; C – lateral view of fangs; D – frontal view depicting extended right fang (left fang just emerging from rostrum), note lateral and medial teeth of right fang probably used for anchoring into prey; E – dorsal view of rostral opening with fangs retracted.
FIGURE 7 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 7: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. leg setae (LT-SEM): A – Leg I trochanter, note hatchet-shape and fringed spatulate setae; B – Leg II telofemur, note fringed spatulate setae and simple setae; C – Leg II & III with coxal glandularium 2 (Cxgl-2) in right foreground, note variously shaped fringed spatulate setae, hexagonal depressions of integument on legs (esp. on telo-femur II), and crenulated distal margins of podomeres.
FIGURE 6 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 6: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. primary and secondary sclerotization (Morph-1 female compound light micrographs):
FIGURE 5 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 5: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. integument (A-C. light micrographs; D-E. LT-SEM): A – surface-level view depicting many depressions, each containing many pits, note muscle scars are not yet in-focus; B – mid-level view depicting tubular 'trunks' formed by the convergence of the branches from each pit; C – bottom-level view depicting bases of trunks, note that the muscle scars are infocus; D – surface-level view of a single depression containing many pits that represent the openings of the many internal branches; E – lateral aspect of idiosoma with a tear between the dorsum and venter, note the surface-level depressions on the dorsum (top) and inner-level openings of the 'trunks' into the body on the venter (bottom).
FIGURE 2 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 2: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. morphs (A-D compound light micrographs; E-F stereomicrographs): A – Morph I female, note large dorsal spots, pigmented gnathosoma and venter (within area of primary sclerotization), and orange legs; B – Morph II female, note small dorsal spots, and colorless gnathosoma, legs, and venter (except for genital plate); C – Morph I male (note same coloration as female); D – Morph II male (note same coloration as female but with hind coxae pigmented); E-F – Dorsal habitus of Morph I & II, respectively.
FIGURE 13 in Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. (Parasitengona: Torrenticolidae), a three-spotted water mite from eastern North America: taxonomic history, species delimitation, and survey of external morphology
FIGURE 13: Torrenticola trimaculata n. sp. pedipalp (LT-SEM): A-B – medial (A) and lateral (B) view of genu depicting medial placement of disto-ventral dentate projections; C-D – lateral (C) and inner (D) detail of femoral projection; E – lateral detail of mid-ventral tibial spines. Fringed spatulate setae (fss); long simple setae (lss); short grooved setae (sgs).
Tropical South America Diatom Database (TSADB)
<p>Determining the mechanisms of community assembly forms the foundation of biogeography and community ecology. Studies of the biodiversity and distribution of Neotropical macro-organisms have revealed the roles of environmental, spatial, and historical factors in structuring communities at different spatial and temporal scales, but the role of these factors play for species and communities on microorganisms are still poorly known. Diatoms are a very species-rich group of algae, disperse widely, and sensitive to environmental variation due to their position in the base of aquatic food webs. Here, we present the Tropical South American Diatom Database (TSADB) which contains geographical and ecological information of species across lentic and lotic environments, including predictors that describe local (limnological) and regional (geo-climatic) factors. The database can be used to tackle fundamental questions in macroecology, including metacommunity ecology and biogeography theories that form the foundation for better understanding the rapid environmental change the tropical regions are experiencing. The TSADB includes diatom taxa from 437 samples in 326 sites containing distributed across 26 regions (0 to 5,070 m a.s.l, and between 8°N–35°S; 58–90°W). In addition, long-term, diatom-based paleolimnological records are presented as a complementary tool for identifying regions with available modern and paleo-datasets for a long-term limnological change observatory in the tropical Americas. We describe the TSADB structure and functionality, and R codes for data manipulation and visualization. Each of the 26 study regions is represented by 3 data matrices: sampling site information, environmental variables (limnology, climate, and landscape), and diatom community data (relative abundance or presence/absence). Access to data and future additions is through publicly available repositories and a guide to contributors, respectively, providing opportunities for complementing existing databases on diatoms and allowing optimal usage of TSADB by scientist including diatomists, limnologists, aquatic ecologists, and natural resource managers.</p>
Fig. 1 in A new genus and species of Heroini (Perciformes: Cichlidae) from the early Eocene of southern South America
Fig. 1. Map of the collecting area (arrow) at Alemanía in northwestern Argentina.
Fig. 85 in Lichenology in North America, 1947 - 1972.
Fig. 85: Type locality of G. priva (photo by M. Schülke).
Figs 78-84 in Lichenology in North America, 1947 - 1972.
Figs 78-84: Geostiba priva sp.n.: (78) habitus; (79) forebody; (80) head in lateral view; (81)
Fig. 44 in Lichenology in North America, 1947 - 1972.
Fig. 44: Type locality of Geostiba renneri sp.n. (photo by P. Wunderle).
Figs 98-107 in Lichenology in North America, 1947 - 1972.
Figs 98-107: Geostiba orduica sp.n.: (98) habitus; (99) forebody; (100) head in lateral view; (101)
Figure 14 in Not so rare snakes: a revision of the Geophis sieboldi group (Colubridae: Dipsadinae) in lower Central America and Colombia
Figure 14. Geographical distribution of two species of Geophis in Costa Rica.
Figure 12 in Not so rare snakes: a revision of the Geophis sieboldi group (Colubridae: Dipsadinae) in lower Central America and Colombia
Figure 12. Variation in segmental counts in Geophis tectus sp. nov. from Panama.
Genetic and ecomorphological divergence between sympatric Astyanax morphs from Central America
<p>Intraspecific ecological and morphological polymorphism can promote ecological speciation and the build-up of reproductive isolation. Here, we evaluate correlations among morphology, trophic ecology, and genetic differentiation between two divergent morphs (<i>elongate</i> and <i>deep-body</i>) of the fish genus <i>Astyanax</i> in the San Juan River basin in Central America, to infer the putative evolutionary mechanism shaping this system. We collected the two morphs from three water bodies and analyzed: 1) the correlation between body shape and the shape of the premaxilla, a relevant trophic morphological structure, 2) the trophic level and niche width of each morph, 3) the correspondence between trophic level and body and premaxillary shape, and 4) the genetic differentiation between morphs using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We found a strong correlation between the body and premaxillary shape of the morphs. The elongate-body morph had a streamlined body, a premaxilla with acuter angles and a narrower ascending process, and a higher trophic level, characteristic of species with predatorial habits. By contrast, the deep-body morph had a higher body depth, a premaxilla with less acute angles, and a broader trophic niche, suggesting generalist habits. Despite the strong correlation between morphological and ecological divergence, the morphs showed limited genetic differentiation, supporting the idea that morphs may be undergoing incipient ecological speciation, although alternative scenarios such as stable polymorphism or plasticity should also be considered. This study provides support for the role of ecological factors promoting diversification in lake and stream-dwelling freshwater fish.</p>
Size-driven preservational and macroecological biases in the latest Maastrichtian terrestrial vertebrate assemblages of North America
<p>The end-Cretaceous (K/Pg) mass-extinction event is the most recent and well-understood of the "Big Five" and triggered establishment of modern terrestrial ecosystem structure. Despite the depth of research into this event, our knowledge of upper Maastrichtian terrestrial deposits globally relies primarily on assemblage-level data limited to a few well-sampled formations in North America, the Hell Creek and Lance formations. These assemblages disproportionally affect our interpretations of this important interval. Multiple investigations have quantified diversity patterns within these assemblages, but the potential effect of formation-level size-dependent taphonomic biases and their implications on extinction dynamics remains unexplored. Here, the relationship between taphonomy and body size of the Hell Creek and Lance formation dinosaurs and mammals are quantitatively analyzed. Small-bodied dinosaur taxa (< 70 kg) are consistently less complete, unlikely to be articulated, and delayed in their description relative to their large-bodied counterparts. Family-level abundance (particularly skeletons) is strongly tied to body mass, and the relative abundance of juveniles of large-bodied taxa similarly is underrepresented. Mammals show similar but non significant trends. The results are remarkably similar to those from the Campanian-aged Dinosaur Park Formation, suggesting a widespread strong taphonomic bias against the preservation of small taxa, which will result in their seemingly depauperate diversity within the assemblage. This taphonomically skewed view of diversity and abundance of small-bodied taxa amidst our best late Maastrichtian samples has significant implications for understanding speciation and extinction dynamics (e.g., size-dependent extinction selectivity) across the K/Pg Boundary.</p>
Validation of a new spatially-explicit process-based model (HETEROFOR) to simulate structurally and compositionally complex stands in Eastern North-America : Dataset
<p>This dataset is linked to the paper “Validation of a new spatially-explicit process-based model (HETEROFOR) to simulate structurally and compositionally complex stands in Eastern North-America" published in Geoscientific Model Development (https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-16-1661-2023). It contains the installer of the model, its user guide, as well as all the input files (inventory, thinning, meteorology and soil horizons files for each stand used in the evaluation and calibration steps), the R scripts and associated data used to analyse the model outputs.</p>
Vindication of Physcomitrium pygmaeum (Funariaceae), an elusive and endangered moss from North America's Great Basin
<p><em>Physcomitrium</em> <em>pygmaeum</em> is an ephemeral moss described in 1871 from a single collection from Utah, currently considered conspecific with <em>Physcomitrium</em> <em>pyriforme</em>. The interpretation of the taxon has been problematic due to its rarity in the field, the elusiveness of the type material, and an extremely scattered and inconsistent collection record. Here we present a comprehensive description and assessment of the taxon following the identification of the original material and lectotype designation, the examination of all herbarium specimens existing to the best of our knowledge, the collection of fresh material in Nevada, and the molecular barcoding of the latter using four plastid and two nuclear loci. Available information, albeit scant, suggests that this member of the North American bryoflora should be considered critically endangered following IUCN criteria.</p>
Data for LEELO-LA (Long-term Energy Expansion Linear Optimization - Latin America)
<p>This repository contains the data for LEELO-LA (Long-term Energy Expansion Linear Optimization - Latin America)</p>
Songbirds of the Americas show uniform morphological evolution despite heterogeneous diversification
<p>Studying the relationship between diversification and functional trait evolution among broadly co-occurring clades can shed light on interactions between ecology and evolutionary history. However, evidence from many studies is compromised because of their focus at overly broad geographic or narrow phylogenetic scales. We addressed these limitations by studying 46 independent, biogeographically-delimited clades of songbirds that dispersed from the Eastern Hemisphere into the Americas and assessed 1) whether diversification has varied through time and/or among clades within this assemblage, 2) the extent of heterogeneity in clade-specific morphological trait disparity, and 3) whether morphological disparity among these clades is consistent with a uniform diversification model. We found equivalent support for constant rates of birth-death and density-dependent speciation processes, with notable outliers having significantly fewer or more species than expected given their age. We also found substantial variation in morphological disparity among these clades, but that variation was broadly consistent with uniform evolutionary rates, despite the existence of diversification outliers. These findings indicate relatively continuous, ongoing morphological diversification within all clades, arguing against conceptual models of adaptive radiation. Additionally, they suggest surprisingly consistent diversification among the majority of these clades, despite tremendous variance in colonization history, habitat valences, and trophic specializations that exist among continental clades of organisms.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.