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Figure 31 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 31. Reference tree obtained under extended implied-weighting parsimony, with k = 21.66570. Node numbers referenced in the text are displayed above each clade. Sensitivity plots, with squares representing each k value coloured according to its respective element-based score. Numbers below sensitivity plots indicate the average element-based comparison score for the clade and the relative Bremer support, respectively.
Figure 30 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 30. Pairwise comparisons of 11 tested weighting schemes organized in descending order of their average element-based comparison scores (A) and ascending order of their standard deviation of element-based comparison scores (B), indicating reference tree (C) with the highest global topological similarity and nodal stability (extended implied-weighting parsimony, with k varying from 2.11770 to 21.66570). Bar indicates the "Branch length"
Figure 29 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 29. Fit curves of 11 evaluated weighting schemes. EW, equal weighting; k, concavity constant.
Figure 28 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 28. Leħ lateral view of craniopectoral skeleton of Polydactylus virginicus, Polynemidae (opercle, subopercle, interopercle and dorsal portions of hyomandibular and preopercle not shown). Abbreviations: AbPF, abductor profundus fili; AbPRc, abductor profundus radii pars ceterae; AbSF, abductor superficialis fili; AbSR, abductor superficialis radii; AdSF, adductor superficialis fili; AdSR, adductor superficialis radii; Ana, anguloarticular; ArV, arrector ventralis; Asph, autosphenotic; Boc, basioccipital; Bsph, basisphenoid; Cl, cleithrum; Dt, dentary; Ecp, ectopterygoid; Enp, endopterygoid; Epoc, epioccipital; Exoc, exoccipital; F, pectoral filaments; Fr, frontal; Int, intercalar; LEth, lateral ethmoid; Me, mesethmoid; Mtp, metapterygoid (cut); Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; OSV, compound ventral ramus of occipito-spinal nerves; Pa, parietal; Pal, palatine; Pop, preopercle (cut); Pmx, premaxilla; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Pst, posưemporal; Pto, pterotic; Ptsph, pterosphenoid; ºd, quadrate; R, pectoral-fin rays; Ra, retroarticular; RLA-P, pectoral branch of the ramus lateralis accessorius; Scl, supracleithrum (cut); Soc, supraoccipital; SV1 and SV2, ventral ramus of spinal nerves 1 and 2; V, vertebra; VIIH, ramus hyomandibularis facialis; VMd, ramus mandibularis trigeminus; VMx, ramus maxillaris trigeminus; VOS, ramus ophtalmicus superficialis trigeminus. Scale bar: 2 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020a).
Figure 25 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 25. Dorsal view of gill arches. A, Parapolynemus verekeri, Polynemidae. B, Galeoides decadactylus, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AdB, adductor branchialis; Cb, ceratobranchial; Eb, epibranchial; IAb, interbranchialis abductor; LE, levator externus; LI, levator internus; LP, levator posterior; OD, obliquus dorsalis III and IV; OP, obliquus posterior; Pb, pharyngobranchial; RD, retractor dorsalis; SO, sphincter oesophagi; TD, transversus dorsalis; TDa, anterior section of transversus dorsalis; TDp, posterior section of transversus dorsalis. Scale bars: 5 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020b).
Figure 27 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 27. Ventral view of gill arches of Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AdB, adductor branchialis; Bb, basibranchial; Cb, ceratobranchial; Hb, hypobranchial; OV, obliquus ventralis; PcE, pharyngoclavicularis externus; PcIa, anteroventral section of pharyngoclavicularis internus; PcIp, posterodorsal section of pharyngoclavicularis internus; RC, rectus communis; RV4, rectus ventralis IV; SO, sphincter oesophagi; TV, transversus ventralis; TVa, anterior section of transversus ventralis; TVp, posterior section of transversus ventralis. Scale bar: 5 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020b).
Figure 24 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 24. Lateral view of leħ gill arches. A, Pentanemus quinquarius, Polynemidae. B, Polynemus paradiseus, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: Cb, ceratobranchial; Eb, epibranchial; IAb, interbranchialis abductor; LE, levator externus; LI, levator internus; LP, levator posterior; Pb, pharyngobranchial. Scale bars: 2 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020b).
Figure 26 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 26. Posterior view of gill arches of Polydactylus approximans, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AdB, adductor branchialis; Cb, ceratobranchial; Eb, epibranchial; LE, levator externus; LP, levator posterior; OP, obliquus posterior; PcE, pharyngoclavicularis externus; PcIa, anteroventral section of pharyngoclavicularis internus; PcIp, posterodorsal section of pharyngoclavicularis internus; RD, retractor dorsalis; SO, sphincter oesophagi. Scale bar: 2 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020b).
Figure 22 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 22. Medial view of leħ pectoral girdle of Pentanemus quinquarius, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AbPRc, abductor profundus radii pars ceterae; AbSR, abductor superficialis radii; AdMF, adductor medialis fili; AdPRec, adductor profundus radii pars ectoprofunda; AdSF, adductor superficialis fili; AdSR, adductor superficialis radii; ArD, arrector dorsalis; BL, Baudelot's ligament; Cl, cleithrum; Co, coracoid; F, pectoral filaments; OSV, compound ventral ramus of occipito-spinal nerves; PcPr, postcoracoid process; R, pectoral-fin rays; RLA-P, pectoral branch of the ramus lateralis accessorius; Scl, supracleithrum; SV1 and SV2, ventral ramus of spinal nerves 1 and 2. Scale bar: 2 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020a).
Figure 23 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 23. Medial view of leħ pectoral girdle of Galeoides decadactylus, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AbPRc, abductor profundus radii pars ceterae; AbSR, abductor superficialis radii; AdMF, adductor medialis fili; AdPRec, adductor profundus radii pars ectoprofunda; AdSF, adductor superficialis fili; AdSR, adductor superficialis radii; BL, Baudelot's ligament; Cl, cleithrum; Co, coracoid; F, pectoral filaments; OSV, compound ventral ramus of occipito-spinal nerves; PcPr, postcoracoid process; R, pectoral-fin rays; RLA-P, pectoral branch of the ramus lateralis accessorius; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; SV1 and SV2, ventral ramus of spinal nerves 1 and 2. Scale bar: 2 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020a).
Figure 21 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 21. Lateral view of leħ pectoral girdle of Parapolynemus verekeri, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AbPF, abductor profundus fili; AbPRc, abductor profundus radii pars ceterae; AbPRm, abductor profundus radii pars marginalis; AbSF, abductor superficialis fili; AbSR, abductor superficialis radii; AdSF, adductor superficialis fili; AdSR, adductor superficialis radii; ArV, arrector ventralis; Cl, cleithrum; Co, coracoid; F, pectoral filaments; OSV, compound ventral ramus of occipito-spinal nerves; R, pectoral-fin rays; RLA-P, pectoral branch of the ramus lateralis accessorius; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; SV1 and SV2, ventral ramus of spinal nerves 1 and 2. Scale bar: 2 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020a).
Figure 20 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 20. Medial view of leħ pectoral girdle of Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Polynemidae. A, superficial layers of muscles. B, deepest layers of muscles (AdSR, AdSF, RLA-OP and SV2 removed). Abbreviations: AbPRc, abductor profundus radii pars ceterae; AbSR, abductor superficialis radii; AdMF, adductor medialis fili; AdPF, adductor profundus fili; AdPRec, adductor profundus radii pars ectoprofunda; AdPRen, adductor profundus radii pars endoprofunda; AdR, adductor radialis; AdSF, adductor superficialis fili; AdSR, adductor superficialis radii; ArD, arrector dorsalis; BL, Baudelot's ligament; Cl, cleithrum; Co, coracoid; F, pectoral filaments; OSV, compound ventral ramus of occipito-spinal nerves; PcPr, postcoracoid process; R, pectoralfin rays; RLA-P, pectoral branch of the ramus lateralis accessorius; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; SV1 and SV2, ventral ramus of spinal nerves 1 and 2. Scale bar: 2 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020a).
Figure 4. Infraorbitals, lateral view. A in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 4. Infraorbitals, lateral view. A, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Polynemidae. B, Polynemus paradiseus, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: Dsph, dermosphenotic; Io, infraorbital. Scale bars: 2 mm.
Figure 15 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 15. Medial view of leħ pectoral girdle of Parapolynemus verekeri, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AbPRc, abductor profundus radii pars ceterae; AbSR, abductor superficialis radii; AdMF, adductor medialis fili; AdPRec, adductor profundus radii pars ectoprofunda; AdSF, adductor superficialis fili; AdSR, adductor superficialis radii; ArD, arrector dorsalis; BL, Baudelot's ligament; Cl, cleithrum; Co, coracoid; F, pectoral filaments; OSV, compound ventral ramus of occipito-spinal nerves; PcPr, postcoracoid process; R, pectoral-fin rays; RLA-P, pectoral branch of the ramus lateralis accessorius; Scl, supracleithrum; SV1 and SV2, ventral ramus of spinal nerves 1 and 2. Scale bar: 2 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020a). Arrow indicates the site of aưachment of the postcleithrum.
Figure 17 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 17. Medial view of leħ mandibular arch of Polydactylus sextarius, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AMc, adductor mandibulae pars coronalis; AMm, adductor mandibulae pars mentalis; AMpe, adductor mandibulae pars promalaris externa; AMpi, adductor mandibulae pars promalaris interna; AMrm, adductor mandibulae pars retromalaris; AMrs, adductor mandibulae pars ricto-stegalis; Ana, angulo-articular; Bcp, buccopalatal membrane, retrojugal lamina; Dt, dentary; EcLg, ectomaxillar ligament; Fc, faucal ligament; MaT, intersegmental aponeurosis, mandibular tendon; MeT, intersegmental aponeurosis, Meckelian tendon; Mx, maxilla; Pmx, premaxilla; PmxLg, paramaxillar ligament; Ra, retroarticular; RM, ramus mandibularis trigeminus; IJ, intersegmental aponeurosis, transverse tendon. Scale bar: 5 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020b).
Figure 6. X in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 6. X-Ray microcomputed tomography images of head in lateral view. A, Polydactylus octonemus, Polynemidae. B, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: Ana, angulo-articular; Asph, autosphenotic; Bp, basipterygium; Bsph, basisphenoid; Cl, cleithrum; Dt, dentary; Epoc, epioccipital; F, pectoral filament; Fr, frontal; Hy, hyomandibular; Iop, interopercle; LEth, lateral ethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; Pcl, postcleithrum; Pop, preopercle; Pmx, premaxilla; Psư, posưemporal; Pto, pterotic; Ptsph, pterosphenoid; ºd, quadrate; R, pectoral-fin rays; Ra, retroarticular; Scl, supracleithrum; Sn, supraneural; Socc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle. Scale bars: 4 mm.
Figure 9. X in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 9. X-Ray microcomputed tomography images of neurocranium in dorsal view. A, Cynoscion striatus, Sciaenidae. B, Polydactylus sexfilis, Polynemidae. C, Polynemus multifilis, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: Asph, autosphenotic; Epoc, epioccipital; Fr, frontal; Na, nasal; Pa, parietal; Psư, posưemporal; Pto, pterotic; Socc, supraoccipital. Scale bars: 5 mm.
Figure 12. X in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 12. X-Ray microcomputed tomography images of leħ pectoral girdle of Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Polynemidae. A, lateral view. B, medial view. Abbreviations: Cl, cleithrum; Co, coracoid; F, pectoral filament; Pcl, postcleithrum; PcR1–4, pectoral radial 1–4; Ptg, propterygium; R, pectoral-fin rays; Ra, retroarticular; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum. Scale bar: 5 mm.
Figure 3. X in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 3. X-Ray microcomputed tomography images of neurocranium in lateral view. A, Leptomelanosoma indicum, Polynemidae. B, Polydactylus virginicus, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: Asph, autosphenotic; Boc, basioccipital; Bsph, basisphenoid; Epoc, epioccipital; Exoc, exoccipital; Exsc, extrascapula; Fr, frontal; Int, intercalar; LEth, lateral ethmoid; Me, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; Pa, parietal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Psư, posưemporal; Pto, pterotic; Ptsph, pterosphenoid; Sn, supraneurals; Soc, supraoccipital; Vo, vomer. Scale bars: 5 mm. Arrow indicates the anterodorsal ossification of the supratemporal canal.
Figure 2 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 2. Schematic lateral view of full body depicting the four lateral line paưerns of Polynemidae. A, Filimanus xanthonema. B, Polydactylus virginicus. C, Galeoides decadactylus. D, Parapolynemus verekeri.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.