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Figure 10. X in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 10. X-Ray microcomputed tomography images of neurocranium in lateral view. A, Eleutheronema tridactylum, Polynemidae. B, Filimanus similis, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: Asph, autosphenotic; Boc, basioccipital; Bsph, basisphenoid; Epoc, epioccipital; Exoc, exoccipital; Exsc, extrascapula; Fr, frontal; Int, intercalar; LEth, lateral ethmoid; Me, mesethmoid; Na, nasal; Pa, parietal; Pmx, premaxilla; Pro, prootic; Psph, parasphenoid; Psư, posưemporal; Pto, pterotic; Ptsph, pterosphenoid; Sn, supraneurals; Soc, supraoccipital; Vo, vomer. Scale bars: 5 mm. Arrow indicates the anterodorsal ossification of the supratemporal canal.
Figure 7 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 7. Leħ hyopalatine arch (adductor mandibulae removed). A, Galeoides decadactylus, Polynemidae, medial view. B, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Polynemidae, lateral view. Abbreviations: AHm, membrane in between adductor hyomandibulae sections; AHp, adductor hyomandibulae pars primordialis; AHpt, adductor hyomandibulae pars pterygoidea; AHptp, adductor hyomandibulae pars pterygopalatina; AO, adductor operculi; DO, dilatator operculi; Ecpt, ectopterygoid; Enpt, endopterygoid; Hy, hyomandibular; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; LAPpe, levator arcus palatini pars primordialis externa; LAPpi, levator arcus palatini pars primordialis interna; LAPt, levator arcus palatini pars temporalis; LO, levator operculi; Mpt, metapterygoid; Op, opercle; Pal, palatine; Pop, preopercle; ºd, quadrate; RH, ramus hyomandibularis facialis; Sop, subopercle; Sy, symplectic. Scale bars: 5 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020b).
Figure 1 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 1. Lateral view of skeleton. A, Cynoscion striatus, Sciaenidae. B, Pentanemus quinquarius, Polynemidae. C, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Polynemidae. Scale bars: 15 mm.
Figure 16 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 16. Medial view of leħ mandibular arch of Filimanus xanthonema, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AMc, adductor mandibulae pars coronalis; AMm, adductor mandibulae pars mentalis; AMpe, adductor mandibulae pars promalaris externa; AMpi, adductor mandibulae pars promalaris interna; AMrm, adductor mandibulae pars retromalaris; AMrs, adductor mandibulae pars ricto-stegalis; Ana, angulo-articular; Bcp, buccopalatal membrane, retrojugal lamina; Dt, dentary; EcLg, ectomaxillar ligament; EnLg, endomaxillar ligament; Fc, faucal ligament; MaT, intersegmental aponeurosis, mandibular tendon; MeT, intersegmental aponeurosis, Meckelian tendon; Mx, maxilla; Pmx, premaxilla; PmxLg, paramaxillar ligament; Ra, retroarticular; RM, ramus mandibularis trigeminus; IJ, intersegmental aponeurosis, transverse tendon. Scale bar: 5 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020b).
Figure 13. X in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 13. X-Ray microcomputed tomography images of leħ pectoral girdle of Polynemus multifilis, Polynemidae. A, lateral view. B, medial view. C, ventral view. Abbreviations: Cl, cleithrum; Co, coracoid; CoPr; coracoid process; F, pectoral filament; Pcl, postcleithrum; PcR1–4, pectoral radial 1–4; Ptg, propterygium; R, pectoral-fin rays; Ra, retroarticular; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum. Scale bars: 2 mm. Arrow indicates site of articulation between pectoral radial 3 and the dorsalmost pectoral filament.
Figure 11 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 11. Lateral view of hyoid arch of Polydactylus approximans, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Bh, basihyal; Br1, branchiostegal ray 1; Br7, branchiostegal ray 7; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; Ih, interhyal; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; Uh, urohyal; VHh, ventral hypohyal. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
Figure 18 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 18. Medial view of leħ mandibular arch. A, Polynemus paradiseus, Polynemidae. B, Eleutheronema tetradactylum, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AMc, adductor mandibulae pars coronalis; AMm, adductor mandibulae pars mentalis; AMpe, adductor mandibulae pars promalaris externa; AMpi, adductor mandibulae pars promalaris interna; AMrm, adductor mandibulae pars retromalaris; AMrs, adductor mandibulae pars ricto-stegalis; Ana, angulo-articular; Bcp, buccopalatal membrane, retrojugal lamina; Dt, dentary; EcLg, ectomaxillar ligament; EnLg, endomaxillar ligament; Fc, faucal ligament; MaT, intersegmental aponeurosis, mandibular tendon; MeT, intersegmental aponeurosis, Meckelian tendon; Mx, maxilla; Pmx, premaxilla; PmxLg, paramaxillar ligament; Ra, retroarticular; RM, ramus mandibularis trigeminus; IJ, intersegmental aponeurosis, transverse tendon. Scale bars: 5 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020b).
Figure 5 in Untangling the threads: phylogenetic relationships of threadfins (Percomorphacea: Perciformes: Polynemidae)
Figure 5. Lateral view of the head of Polydactylus virginicus, Polynemidae. Abbreviations: AMp, adductor mandibulae pars promalaris; AMrm, adductor mandibulae pars retromalaris; AMrs, adductor mandibulae pars ricto-stegalis; Ana, anguloarticular; Dt, dentary; Eclg, ectomaxillar ligament; InfLg, infralabial ligament; Mx, maxilla; Pmx, premaxilla; PmxLg, paramaxillar ligament; Ra, retroarticular. Scale bar: 5 mm. Adapted from Presti et al. (2020b).
FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic relationships between Anthidium melanopygum and A in DNA barcoding confirms the validity of Anthidium melanopygum Friese, 1917 stat. nov. (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) as a distinct species of Western Asia
FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic relationships between Anthidium melanopygum and A. spiniventre as inferred from mitochondrial COI DNA sequences. The phylogram shows the best-scoring maximum likelihood tree. Numbers shown at nodes are maximum likelihood bootstrap values based on 1000 bootstrap replicates. Three specimens each of Anthidium diadema Latreille, A. florentinum (Fabricius), and A. cingulatum Latreille were used as outgroups.
FIGURE 12 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 12. Some morphological features of Niphargus borutzkyi Birštein, 1933 (a, b), Niphargus amirani Marin, 2020 (c–f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI: a, c, d—urosomal segments; b, e—head; f—hooks in retinacules of pleopod.
FIGURE 10 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 10. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (a, b) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (c–f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI: a, c, d—urosomal segments, lateral view; b, e—head; f—mandibular palp.
FIGURE 11 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 11. Retinacules of pleopods of Niphargus borutzkyi Birštein, 1933 (a, b), Niphargus amirani Marin, 2020 (c, d), Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov. (e) and Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov. (f), non-type specimens, ♀♀, LEMMI.
FIGURE 8 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 8. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—pereopod III; b—dactylus of PIII; c—pereopod IV; d—dactylus of PIV; e—pereopod V; f—dactylus of PV; g—pereopod VI; h—dactylus of PVI; i—pereopod VII; j—dactylus of PVII.
FIGURE 9 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 9. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., Verdzistava I Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247 (a–d, h, j–l) and ♀, LEMMI (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III.
FIGURE 7 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 7. Niphargus tvishiensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped.
FIGURE 6 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 6. Niphargus tvishensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1247, Verdzistava I Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II.
FIGURE 3 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 3. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1245, Sakishore Cave: a—labrum (upper lip); b—labium (lower lip); c, e—mandible; d, f—incisor and incisive processes of mandible; g—maxilla I; h—same, distal margin of outer lobe; i—maxilla II; j—maxilliped.
FIGURE 2 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 2. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov., holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1245, Sakishore Cave: a—antenna I; b—accessory flagellum of antenna I; c—antenna II; d—gnathopod I; e—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod I; f—gnathopod II; g—distoventral corner of propodus (chela) of gnathopod II.
FIGURE 5 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 5. Niphargus rachalechkhumensis sp. nov., Sakishore Cave, holotype, ³, ZMMU Mb-1245 (a–d, h, j–l) and paratype, ♀, ZMMU Mb-1246 (e, i): a–c—epimeral plates I–III; d, e—telson; f—pleopod I; g—retinacula of pleopod I; h, i—uropod I; j, k—uropod II; l, m—uropod III.
FIGURE 1 in Diversity, taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of the "Niphargus borutzkyi" ingroup (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in Western Georgia, SW Caucasus
FIGURE 1. The map of collection sites and the time-calibrated phylogenetic tree (reconstruction) of phylogenetic relationships of the newly discovered species of the genus Niphargus from the Western Georgia, Caucasus. Bootstrap support (upper) and posterior probabilities (below) of the nodes are reported. Blue horizontal bars show the 95% HPD (highest posterior density) of node ages on an arbitrary time scale. Figure of the Niphargus amirani Marin, 2020 is taken from Marin (2020).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.