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FIGURES 63–68 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURES 63–68. Termitocalliphora nana (Zumpt), male (CNC). 63. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, dorsal (posterior) view. 64. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli and bacilliform sclerites, left lateral view. 65. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli and bacilliform sclerites, ventral (internal) view. 66. Distiphallus, left lateral view. 67. Distiphallus, dorsal view. 68. Distiphallus, oblique ventral view.

FIGURES 57–62. 57–59 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURES 57–62. 57–59. Cordylobia roubaudi (Villeneuve), male (specimen no. 00719, BMSA). 57. Epandrium, surstylus, cerci and bacilliform sclerite, left lateral view. 58. Epandrium, surstyli, cerci and bacilliform sclerites, ventral (internal) view. 59. Epandrium, surstylus, cerci and bacilliform sclerite, dorsal (posterior) view. 60–62. Hemigymnochaeta gogoiana Lehrer, male (specimen no. 15210, BMSA). 60. Epandrium, surstylus, cerci and bacilliform sclerite, left lateral view. 61. Epandrium, surstyli and cerci, dorsal (posterior) view. 62. Epandrium, surstyli and cerci, ventral (internal) view.

FIGURES 73–78. 73–75 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURES 73–78. 73–75. Tricyclea fasciata (Macquart), subsp. ferruginea Wulp, male (specimen no 15029 in BMSA). 76–78. Tricyclea tauffliebi (Zumpt), comb. nov., male (BMNH). 73. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, dorsal (posterior) view. 74. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, oblique dorsolateral view. 75. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli and bacilliform sclerites, ventral (internal) view. 76. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, dorsal (posterior) view. 77. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, oblique lateral view. 78. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli and bacilliform sclerites, slightly oblique ventral (internal) view.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Fire alters diversity, composition and structure of dry tropical forests in the Eastern Ghats

<p>Fire is known to have dramatic consequences on forest ecosystems around the world, and on the livelihoods of forest-dependent people. While the Eastern Ghats of India have high abundances of fire-prone dry tropical forests, little is known about how fire influences the diversity, composition and structure of these communities. Our study aims to fill this knowledge gap by examining the effects of presence and absence of recent fire on tropical dry forest communities within Kadiri watershed, Eastern Ghats. We sampled plots with and without evidence of recent fire in the Eswaramala Reserve Forest in 2008 and 2018. Our results indicate that even though stem density increases in the recently burned areas, species richness is lower because communities become dominated by a few species with fire resistance and tolerance traits, such as thick bark and clonal sprouting. Further, in the presence of fire, the size structure of these fire-tolerant species shifts towards smaller-sized, resprouting individuals. Our results demonstrate that conservation actions are needed to prevent further degradation of forests in this region and the ecosystem services they provide.</p>

FIGURES 134–137 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURES 134–137. Zernyiella dubia Zumpt, male lectotype (NMSA). 134. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, left lateral view. 135. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, posterior (dorsal) view. 136. Part of epandrium with right surstylus and right bacilliform sclerite, internal view. 137. Pre- and postgonites, aedeagus, left lateral view.

FIGURE 138 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURE 138. Strict consensus of the 11 most parsimonious trees of 56 steps found by NONA. Numbers above branches indicate Bremer support values.

FIGURES 85–87 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURES 85–87. Tricycleala maculipennis Villeneuve, male (CNC). 85. Epandrial complex, left lateral view. 86. Epandrial complex, slightly oblique internal view. 87. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, oblique right dorsolateral view.

FIGURES 104–109. 104–105 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURES 104–109. 104–105. Adichosina eos Zumpt (CNC). Male genitalia. 104. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli and bacilliform sclerites, left lateral view. 105. Aedeagus, pre- and postgonites, left lateral view. 106–109. Adichosina munroi (Curran) (MZLU). Female ovipositor. 106. Dorsal intersegmental membrane 6–7 (behind T6). 107. Segment 6, right lateral view. Pink arrows point to spiracles 6 and 7. 108. Segment 7, with segment 8 and cerci telescoped within it, right lateral view. 109. Dorsal view of T8+epiproct telescoped within segment 7. Note tooth-like microtrichiae on intersegmental membrane 7–8 superimposed on the compound T8+epiproct sclerite; these are pointing towards hind end of T7. They seem to be pointing backwards, but if segment 8 had been drawn out from segment 7, they would have been be pointing forwards.

FIGURES 124–133 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURES 124–133. Onesihoplisa umbrosa Villeneuve (CNC). 124–126. Male genitalia. 127–133. Female ovipositor. 124. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, posterior (dorsal) view. 125. Hypandrium, phallapodeme and gonites, left lateral view. 126. Aedeagus, left lateral view. 127. Fully extended ovipositor, left lateral view. Pink arrows point to spiracles 6 and 7. 128. Segment 6, left lateral view. Pink arrow points to spiracle 7. 129. Intersegmental membrane 6–7, left lateral view. 130. Segment 7, left lateral view. 131. Intersegmental membrane 7–8, left lateral view. 132. T8+epiproct, cerci and hypoproct, left lateral view. 133. T8+epiproct and cerci, dorsal view.

FIGURES 116–123 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURES 116–123. Ochromelinda thoracica Villeneuve (CNC). First instar uterine larva. 116–119. Photomicrographs. 120–123. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM). 116. Whole mount in Hoyer's medium, left lateral view. Inset: posterior spiracles. 117. Pseudocephalon and first thoracic segment, lateral view. 118. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton, left lateral view. 119. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton, ventral view. 120. Pseudocephalon, ventral view (SEM). 121. Spines from anterior spinose band on second thoracic segment. 122. Spines from anterior spinose band on third thoracic segment. 123. Spines from anterior spinous band on third thoracic segment, enlarged. [All photographs by Krzysztof Szpila]. Abbreviations, see Material and methods chapter.

FIGURES 79–84 in A review of the monophyly and composition of the Bengaliinae with the description of a new genus and species, and new evidence for the presence of Melanomyinae in the Afrotropical Region (Diptera, Calliphoridae) 2964

FIGURES 79–84. Tricyclea semicinerea Bezzi, male (specimen no. 13747, BMSA). 79. Epandrium, cerci and surstyli, dorsal (posterior) view. 80. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli and bacilliform sclerites, oblique left antero-lateral view. 81. Epandrium, cerci, surstyli and bacilliform sclerites, oblique ventral (internal) view. 82. Aedeagus, left lateral view. 83. Aedeagus, oblique dorsal view. 84. Aedeagus, apical view.

opennotspecifiedAug 2021View details →

Figure 3 in The tight genome size of ants: diversity and evolution under ancestral state reconstruction and base composition

Figure 3. Mean genome size (in picograms and megabase pairs) estimated for Formicidae subfamilies. The phylogenetic tree generated in the present study was redrawn, with collapsed branches corresponding to species of the same subfamily.

opennotspecifiedAug 2021View details →

Figure 2 in The tight genome size of ants: diversity and evolution under ancestral state reconstruction and base composition

Figure 2. Bayesian consensus tree resulting from the LW-Rh and Wg gene alignments (871 bp). Coloured dots on the branches indicate the values of posterior probability (PP): green dots represent values between 1.00 and 0.95, yellow dots between 0.94 and 0.90, and red dots ≤ 0.89. The nodes are indicated with numbers. Values above and below the branches represent the ancestral genome size (GS; 1C-values, in picograms) at particular nodes: in blue is the value generated by the maximum likelihood (ML) [asterisks are related to confidence interval (CI) values shown in Supporting Information, Table S4]; orange is the value generated by maximum parsimony (MP); and black, given below the branches, is the value generated by Bayesian inference (BI). Genome size data (1C-values) were obtained in the present work (pink dots) or taken from the literature (grey dots).

Fig. 4 in Composition and Host-Use Patterns of a Scarab Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Community Inhabiting the Canopy of a Lowland Tropical Rainforest in Southern Venezuela

Fig. 4. Macraspis festiva feeding on flowers of Matayba guianensis in the canopy of the crane plot, Venezuela, 1997.

Fig. 5 in Composition and Host-Use Patterns of a Scarab Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Community Inhabiting the Canopy of a Lowland Tropical Rainforest in Southern Venezuela

Fig. 5. Number of individuals sampled per scarab beetle species on host trees regressed on the number of utilized host trees, Venezuela, 1997–1999.

Figs. 1–3 in Composition and Host-Use Patterns of a Scarab Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Community Inhabiting the Canopy of a Lowland Tropical Rainforest in Southern Venezuela

Figs. 1–3. Study site in Venezuela. 1) Crane used for access to the canopy of the lowland rainforest; 2) Canopy of the lowland rainforest; 3) Window trap in the canopy of the crane plot.

Fig. 6 in Composition and Host-Use Patterns of a Scarab Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Community Inhabiting the Canopy of a Lowland Tropical Rainforest in Southern Venezuela

Fig. 6. Total number of individuals sampled per scarab beetle species regressed on the number of months of occurrence, Venezuela, 1997–1999.

opennotspecifiedMay 2015View details →

Figure 4 in Phylogenetic position and composition of Zygiellinae and Caerostris, with new insight into orb-web evolution and gigantism

Figure 4. Relative web size (standardized residuals of web size regressed on spider size) of Orbiculariae plotted on the preferred topology (see Fig. 2). Dashed lines in the scatter plot represent the standard deviation for mean relative web size.

opennotspecifiedMay 2015View details →

Figure 1 in Phylogenetic position and composition of Zygiellinae and Caerostris, with new insight into orb-web evolution and gigantism

Figure 1. Webs of Zygiellinae, other sector-web taxa, and Caerostris: A, Zygiella x-notata, Slovenia; B, Deliochus sp., Brisbane, Australia; C, Phonognatha graeffei, Australia; D, undetermined araneid from Halmahera, Indonesia; E, Araneus mitificus, Singapore; F, Dolicognatha sp., Yunnan, China; G, Acusilas coccineus, Gombok, Malaysia; H, Milonia sp., Yunnan, China; I, Guizygiella sp., Yunnan, China; J, Caerostris darwini webs bridging river in Ranomafana, Madagascar; K, C. darwini web over small stream in Andasibe-Mantadia, Madagascar.