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Data from: Chromosomal patterns of diversity and differentiation in creepers: a next-gen phylogeographic investigation of Certhia americana
With methods for sequencing thousands of loci for many individuals, phylogeographic studies have increased inferential power and the potential for applications to new questions. In songbirds, strong patterns of inter-chromosomal synteny, the published genome of a songbird and the ability to obtain thousands of genetic loci for many individuals permit the investigation of differentiation between and diversity within lineages across chromosomes. Here, we investigate patterns of differentiation and diversity in Certhia americana, a widespread North American songbird, using next-generation sequencing. Additionally, we reassess previous phylogeographic studies within the group. Based on ~30 million sequencing reads and more than 16 000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in 41 individuals, we identified a strong positive relationship between genetic differentiation and chromosome size, with a negative relationship between genetic diversity and chromosome size. A combination of selection and drift may explain these patterns, although we found no evidence for selection. Because the observed genomic patterns are very similar between widespread, allopatric clades, it is unlikely that selective pressures would be so similar across such different ecological conditions. Alternatively, the accumulation of fixed differences between lineages and loss of genetic variation within lineages due to genetic drift alone may explain the observed patterns. Due to relatively higher recombination rates on smaller chromosomes, larger chromosomes would, on average, accumulate fixed differences between lineages and lose genetic variation within lineages faster, leading to the patterns observed here in C. americana.
FIGURE 3 in Haplodendron buzwilsoni gen. nov., sp. nov., the first record of Haplomunnidae from the southern IndoPacific (Isopoda: Asellota)
FIGURE 3. Haplodendron buzwilsoni, gen. nov., sp. nov. Paratype, male (J18628), except B, paratype, female B (J52749). pl 15, pleopods IV; dv, dorsal view; op, operculum; pp, penile papillum with tuft of sperm protruding; vv, ventral view.
FIGURES 12. 1 in Distostylus gen. nov., a monotypic therevine genus (Diptera: Asiloidea: Therevidae) from the Caribbean Island of Dominica
FIGURES 12. 1, Strict consensus of four shortest trees from initial exhaustive search. See text for tree statistics. Ellipse indicates the node of the Lindneria genus group. 2. Single tree resulting from successive reweighting. See text for tree statistics. Characters are mapped with the character number above and the character state below each hash mark. Solid hash marks indicate forward changes with no homoplasy, unfilled hash marks indicate forward homoplasious changes or reversals. See Appendix 2 for character and state descriptions.
FIGURES 3 13. Distostylus irwini n in Distostylus gen. nov., a monotypic therevine genus (Diptera: Asiloidea: Therevidae) from the Caribbean Island of Dominica
FIGURES 3 13. Distostylus irwini n. sp. 3. Tergite 8, epandrium, cerci, and hypoproct, dorsal view. 4. Epandrium, hypoproct ventral view. 5. Sternite 8, hypandrium, and gonocoxite ventral view. 6. Gonocoxite and hypandrium dorsal view. 7. Gonocoxite left lateral view. 8. Gonostylus right lateral view. 9. Aedeagus dorsal view (inset ejaculatory apodeme cross section). 10. Aedeagus ventral view (inset ventral apodeme cross section). 11. Aedeagus lateral. 12. Female sternite 8. 13. Female internal reproductive organs. Scale = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: Acc = accessory gland duct, C = cercus, CD = common duct, DA = dorsal apodeme, Dp = distiphallus, EA = ejaculatory apodeme, Epa = epandrium, F = furca, GA = gonocoxal apodeme, Gs = gonostylus, Gx = gonocoxite, H = hypandrium, Hpt = hypoproct, IGP = inner gonocoxal process, LEP = lateral ejaculatory process, PG = penal guide, Sp = spermatheca, SpD = spermathecal duct, SpS = spermathecal sac, SS = sensory seta, S8 = sternite 8, T8=tergite 8, VA = ventral apodeme, VL = ventral lobe.
FIGURE 1 in Wetapolipus jamiesoni gen. nov., spec. nov. (Acari: Podapolipidae), an ectoparasite of the mountain stone weta, Hemideina maori (Orthoptera: Anostostomatidae) from New Zealand
FIGURE 1. Wetapolipus jamiesoni Husband & Zhang gen. nov., spec. nov. (adult female). A. Ventral aspect, B. Prodorsal plate, C. Top to bottom, legs I, II, III dorsal and ventral aspects.
FIGURE 9. AC in Two new freshwater rhabdocoels, Austrodalyellia gen. nov. and Haplodidymos gen. nov. (Platyhelminthes), from Queensland, Australia
FIGURE 9. AC. Haplodidymos rubroculatus gen. nov. sp. nov. Reproductive organs. A. ventral view posterior to pharynx. Scale bar = 30 µm. B. Ventral view of fixed holotype. Scale bar = 45 µm. C. Sagital reconstruction of posterior end. Scale bar = 100 µm. BC, bursa copulatrix; CG, caudal glands; CO, copulatory organ; GA, genital atrium; OV, ovary; SR, receptaculum seminis; ST, stylet; TE, testes; UT, uterus; VI, vitellaria; VS, vesicula seminalis.
FIGURE 8 in Two new freshwater rhabdocoels, Austrodalyellia gen. nov. and Haplodidymos gen. nov. (Platyhelminthes), from Queensland, Australia
FIGURE 8. Haplodidymos rubroculatus gen. nov. sp. nov. Anterior end showing large eyes. Scale bar = 60 µm.
FIGURE 7 in Two new freshwater rhabdocoels, Austrodalyellia gen. nov. and Haplodidymos gen. nov. (Platyhelminthes), from Queensland, Australia
FIGURE 7. Haplodidymos rubroculatus gen. nov. sp. nov. Slightly squeezed live specimen. Scale bar = 150 µm. AR, adenal rhabdites; BC, bursa copulatrix; EY, eye; OV, ovary; PB, pigment bands; PH, pharynx; RS, receptaculum seminis; TE, testis; UT, uterus; VI, vitellaria.
FIGURE 6. AB in Two new freshwater rhabdocoels, Austrodalyellia gen. nov. and Haplodidymos gen. nov. (Platyhelminthes), from Queensland, Australia
FIGURE 6. AB. Austrodalyellia ariena gen. nov. sp. nov. Camera lucida drawings of stylet with different tine layers color coded: dorsal (white), medial (lt. grey), and ventral (dk. grey). The thin membrane that exists between dorsal and medial tine bars is also shaded. A, Squashed stylet from fixed holotype. B, Everted stylet from fixed paratype. Scale bars = 15 µm.
FIGURE 5 in Two new freshwater rhabdocoels, Austrodalyellia gen. nov. and Haplodidymos gen. nov. (Platyhelminthes), from Queensland, Australia
FIGURE 5. Austrodalyellia ariena gen. nov. sp. nov. Whole mounts of sclerotic stylet. A. DIC micrograph of stylet in genital canal. B, Everted stylet in fixed paratype. C, Stylet from squashed live specimen. D, DIC micrograph of stylet in fixed holotype. Scale bars = 45 µm.
FIGURE 4. AC in Two new freshwater rhabdocoels, Austrodalyellia gen. nov. and Haplodidymos gen. nov. (Platyhelminthes), from Queensland, Australia
FIGURE 4. AC. Austrodalyellia ariena gen. nov. sp. nov. A, Frontal section through dorsal body region. Scale bar = 100 µm. B, Frontal section through posterior body region, approximately medial. Scale bar = 80 µm. C, Frontal section through ventral body region. Scale bar = 30 µm. CO, copulatory organ; EG, egg; GL, glands around gonopore; GP, gonopore; GT, gut lumen; PH, pharynx; UT, uterus; VI, vitellaria.
FIGURE 2 in Two new freshwater rhabdocoels, Austrodalyellia gen. nov. and Haplodidymos gen. nov. (Platyhelminthes), from Queensland, Australia
FIGURE 2. Austrodalyellia ariena gen. nov. sp. nov. Frontal section through anterior end. BR, brain; EY, eye; PH, pharynx. Scale bar = 50 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Two new freshwater rhabdocoels, Austrodalyellia gen. nov. and Haplodidymos gen. nov. (Platyhelminthes), from Queensland, Australia
FIGURE 3. Austrodalyellia ariena gen. nov. sp. nov. Schematic of the reproductive system. BC, bursa copulatrix; EG, egg; GA, genital atrium; GC, genital canal; GL, glands around gonopore; GP, gonopore; OV, ovary; RS, receptaculum seminis; TE, testes; UT, uterus; VG, vesicula granulorum; VS, vesicula seminalis; VI, vitellaria. Scale bar = 120 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Two new freshwater rhabdocoels, Austrodalyellia gen. nov. and Haplodidymos gen. nov. (Platyhelminthes), from Queensland, Australia
FIGURE 1. Austrodalyellia ariena gen. nov. sp. nov. Slightly squeezed live specimen. BC, bursa copulatrix; BR, brain; CO, copulatory organ; EG, egg; EY, eye; GL, glands around gonopore; OV, ovary; PH, pharynx; RS, receptaculum seminis; TE, testes; UT, uterus; VI, vitellaria. Scale bar = 250 µm.
FIGURE 17 in New species of Nannoniscidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) and Saetoniscus n. gen. from the deep sea of the Angola Basin
FIGURE 17: Nannoniscus antennaspinis n. sp., holotype female of 1.8 mm length in dorsal and lateral views, antennule, antenna, maxillula.
FIGURE 11 in New species of Nannoniscidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) and Saetoniscus n. gen. from the deep sea of the Angola Basin
FIGURE 11: Saetoniscus meteori n. sp. et n. gen., holotype female of 2.8 mm, antennule, detail of left mandible, pereopods 1, 2, pleopod 2 (operculum).
FIGURE 8 in New species of Nannoniscidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) and Saetoniscus n. gen. from the deep sea of the Angola Basin
FIGURE 8: Saetoniscus meteori n. sp. et n. gen., paratype male of 2.8 mm, maxilla, maxilliped, pereopods 1, 2.
FIGURE 16 in New species of Nannoniscidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) and Saetoniscus n. gen. from the deep sea of the Angola Basin
FIGURE 16: Rapaniscus multisetosus n. sp., holotype female of 3.8 mm length, pereopods 5, 7, pleopods 25, uropod.
FIGURE 14 in New species of Nannoniscidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) and Saetoniscus n. gen. from the deep sea of the Angola Basin
FIGURE 14: Rapaniscus multisetosus n. sp., holotype female of 3.8 mm length in lateral view, antennule, left mandible, right mandible, maxillula, maxilla, maxilliped.
FIGURE 7 in New species of Nannoniscidae (Crustacea, Isopoda) and Saetoniscus n. gen. from the deep sea of the Angola Basin
FIGURE 7: Saetoniscus meteori n. sp. et n. gen., paratype male, antennule (A1), antenna (A2), right mandible (rMd), left mandible (lMd), maxillula (Mx1).
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.