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3,709 results for “urbanization.”
Data from: Diurnal trends of indoor and outdoor fluorescent biological aerosol particles in a tropical urban area
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Irrigated urban trees exhibit greater functional trait plasticity compared to natural stand analogs
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Coastal urbanization influences human pathogens and microdebris contamination in seafood
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Wildland-urban interface in California using remote sensing data
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Data and code for: Explainable machine learning revealed the conditional response of biogenic isoprene to the changes in environmental factors at an urban site in the Yangtze River Delta, China
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Natural enemy-herbivore networks along local management and landscape gradients in urban agroecosystems
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Gardener demographics, experience, and motivations drive differences in plant species richness and composition in urban gardens
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Microsatellite genotypes and extraction plate positions from publication: Genetic structure across urban and agricultural landscapes reveals evidence of resource specialization and philopatry in the Eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica L.
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Vertebrate species composition of remnant desert islands within urban Phoenix: site locations.
These data represent the study site locations used to assess vertebrate species composition in central Arizona, Phoenix. Data include the transect Locations.
Ecological and social Interactions in urban parks: bird surveys in local parks in the central Arizona-Phoenix metropolitan area
Our central objective is to use small, neighborhood parks in Phoenix to study: (1) the ways in which ecological processes are influenced by human values, use, and management; and (2) the ways in which human attitudes and activities, and the services valued by humans, are influenced by ecological characteristics and processes. Elucidating this coupling in Phoenix parks will itself be a significant step towards understanding the complexities of human-nature interactions. The information gathered in addressing the central objective, though, can and should be used to assess potential trajectories for ecological processes. Our second objective is to develop trajectories for potential changes in ecosystem services in the Phoenix metropolitan area, given economic and demographic trends, and given the signal of human-nature interactions among different social groups.
Ecological and social interactions in urban parks in central Arizona-Phoenix: site locations
Our central objective is to use small, neighborhood parks in Phoenix to study: (1) the ways in which ecological processes are influenced by human values, use, and management; and (2) the ways in which human attitudes and activities, and the services valued by humans, are influenced by ecological characteristics and processes. Elucidating this coupling in Phoenix parks will itself be a significant step towards understanding the complexities of human-nature interactions. The information gathered in addressing the central objective, though, can and should be used to assess potential trajectories for ecological processes. Our second objective is to develop trajectories for potential changes in ecosystem services in the Phoenix metropolitan area, given economic and demographic trends, and given the signal of human-nature interactions among different social groups.
Dissolved organic carbon dynamics in an urban desert stream ecosystem in central Arizona-Phoenix: site locations
Variation in stream chemistry is a function of the strength of terrestrial-aquatic linkages, the extent to which surface and groundwater exchanges, and the rate of instream biotic processes. The importance of these variables may fluctuate as a function of climate regime, catchment geomorphology, or level of human impact. A mechanistic understanding of the influence of each of these variables on ecosystem functioning will increase understanding of the role of streams in global nutrient and carbon cycles. Of particular interest is dissolved organic carbon (DOC), an important source of carbon and energy for microbial processes. Respiration by heterotrophic bacterial communities has recently been linked to the quality (ability of microbes to utilize C source) of the DOC pool in streams. DOC not only influences stream nutrient supply, but also the transport of contaminants and the attenuation of UV radiation. This dissertation focused on DOC delivery to two arid-land stream ecosystems, one native desert (Sycamore Creek, AZ), and one urban (Phoenix, AZ). The overall objectives of this work were to (1) document patterns in DOC quantity and chemical composition in response to flooding and groundwater exchange, (2) generate and test hypotheses explaining variation in DOC quantity and quality and (3) relate this variation to microbial activity. In the native desert stream ecosystem, the climate regime influenced seasonal variation in the quantity and quality of DOC inputs, with higher complexity and higher concentrations of DOC in summer monsoonal runoff. In contrast, human alteration of geomorphology and hydrologic flowpaths in the Phoenix metropolitan area significantly influenced streamwater chemistry in comparison to low-impact streams in the Sonoran Desert. In the city, mechanisms of nutrient retention and transformation were often shifted from dominance by biotic to abiotic ones, severely dampening the influence of climate regime and substituting instead the maintenance
Land use effects on temperature and humidity along an urban-rural transect gradient in central Arizona-Phoenix: site locations
This study examines the effects of land use on microclimate along several commercial-to-rural land use transects in the greater Phoenix metropolitan area.
Vertebrate species composition of remnant desert islands within central Arizona-Phoenix urban areas: period 1998-1999
Urban growth around Phoenix over the last 30 years has produced numerous isolated "islands" of remnant desert habitat. Each of these remnants has its own unique vertebrate community, determined by the fauna present prior to isolation, area of remaining habitat, vegetation characteristics, time since isolation, and distance to other islands or source populations. These factors can be used as predictors of how future growth will affect potential desert preserves.
Analysis of rooftop surface temperatures in an urban residential environment
The urban heat island (UHI) effect is an important worldwide problem caused by rapid urbanization. The mitigation efforts include using high albedo rooftops, green rooftops, and planting vegetation around the buildings. Rooftop properties such as albedo, color, material, slope, area, aspect, and height are factors that potentially contribute. Nearby landscaping is also important factors to be considered. To analyze rooftop parameters and outdoor landscaping, high spatial resolution satellite imagery, LIDAR (light detection and ranging) data and high resolution thermal imagery are necessary. Using data from the City of Tempe AZ, we digitized residential rooftop footprints and derived rooftop configuration parameters from airborne LIDAR data and QuickBird imagery (2.4 m resolution imagery). High resolution daytime and nighttime surface temperature data (7m) were derived from the MODIS/ASTER airborne simulator (MASTER). Ordinary least squares (OLS) regression was utilized to explore the relationships between residential building rooftops and rooftop surface temperature in Tempe. The results showed that daytime rooftop surface temperature was related to rooftop spectral attributes, slope, aspect, and surrounding trees. Night time temperature was only affected by rooftop spectral attributes and slope.
Homeowner Associations as a vehicle for promoting native urban biodiversity
The loss of habitat due to suburban and urban development represents one of the greatest threats to biodiversity. Conservation developments have emerged as a key player for reconciling new ex-urban residential development with ecosystem services. However, since more than half of the world population live in urban and suburban developments, identifying conservation partners to facilitate with retrofitting existing residential neighborhoods becomes paramount. Homeowner Associations (HOA) manage a significant proportion of residential developments in the United States, which includes the landscape design for yards and gardens. These areas have the potential to mitigate the loss of urban biodiversity when they provide habitat for native wildlife. Therefore the conditions and restrictions imposed upon the homeowner by the HOA could have profound effects on the local wildlife habitat. We explored the potential of HOAs to promote conservation by synthesizing research from three monitoring programs from Phoenix, AZ. We compared native bird diversity, arthropod diversity, and plant diversity between neighborhoods with and without an HOA. Neighborhoods belonging to HOAs had significantly greater bird and plant diversity, though insect diversity did not differ. The institutional framework structuring HOAs including sanctions for enforcement coupled with a predictable maintenance regime that introduces regular disturbance might explain why neighborhoods with an HOA had greater bird diversity. For neighborhoods with an HOA, we analyzed landscape form and management practices. We linked these features with ecological function and suggested how to modify management practices by adopting strategies from the Sustainable Sites Initiative, an international sustainable landscaping program, to help support biodiversity in current and future residential landscapes.
Evaluating water and energy fluxes across three distinct land cover types in a desert urban environment
Urbanization impacts surface energy and water balances across multiple spatial and temporal scales, which can be particularly important in desert cities where resources are limited. Urban climate observations are limited, especially over a variety of locations that represent urban land cover. To help address the lack of observations over different urban land cover types, a mobile eddy covariance tower (ECT) was deployed at three different locations in the Phoenix metropolitan area, representing a xeric landscape (drip irrigated palo verde trees with gravel), a parking lot, and a mesic landscape (sprinkler irrigated turf grass). In this project, data obtained from the mobile ECT deployments will be coupled with data from an eddy covariance tower managed by CAP LTER in the Maryvale suburb of Phoenix, Arizona. Data is processed to obtain energy and water fluxes, which are controlled by land surface characteristics, over the four distinct land cover types.
Zonation Prioritization of Urban Biodiversity Quality in Helsinki Metropolitan Area, Finland
<p><strong>Zonation prioritization of urban biodiversity in Helsinki Metropolitan area, Finland</strong></p> <p>Zonation prioritization results of manuscript Jalkanen, Vierikko & Moilanen 2020, Spatial Prioritization for Urban Biodiversity Quality Using Biotope Maps and Expert Opinion, bublished in <em>Urban forestry and Urban Greening</em> (doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126586">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126586</a>). The area includes the cities Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen, and Vantaa, i.e. the capital region of Finland. Urban biotope scores, that this analysis builds upon, can be found in https://zenodo.org/record/1255899</p> <p>This data set includes the Zonation setting and output files (automatically named by Zonation). See Zonation manual (Moilanen et al. 2014, Zonation Version 4 Manual, Conservation biology informatics group, University of Helsinki) for more information. Input feature layers cannot be openly distributed as they base on urban biotope map that partly contains private information.</p> <p>Zonation results are based on expert elicitation and and on a biotope map that was compiled from multiple GIS data sources (see Supplementary 1 in the paper). Therefore, these results do not replace in-depth ecological inventories assessments. Not for planning purposes. No warrant about the correctness, flawlessness, or feasibility of the results is given. Data should be properly cited.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Kaupunkibiodiversiteetin Zonation-priorisointitulokset pääkaupunkiseudulla</strong></p> <p>Zonation-priorisointitulokset tutkimusartikkelista Jalkanen, Vierikko & Moilanen 2020, <em>"</em>Spatial Prioritization for Urban Biodiversity Quality Using Biotope Maps and Expert Opinion", joka on julkaistu <em>Urban Forestry and Urban Greening</em> -julkaisusarjassa (doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126586">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126586</a>). Tutkimusalue käsittää pääkaupunkiseudun (Helsinki, Espoo, Kauniainen ja Vantaa). Analyysi perustuu kaupunkibiotooppien asiantuntijapisteytykselle, joka löytyy osoitteesta https://zenodo.org/record/1255899</p> <p>Tämä aineistopaketti sisältää Zonation-analyysin asetus- ja tulostiedostot (Zonationin automaattisesti nimeäminä). Lisätietoja saat Zonation-käyttöohjeesta (Moilanen ym. 2014, Zonation Version 4 Manual, Conservation biology informatics group, Helsingin yliopisto). Eliöryhmiä kuvaavat paikkatietokerroksia ei voida jakaa avoimesti, sillä ne perustuvat osittain luottamuksellisiin kartta-aineistoihin.</p> <p>Nämä Zonation-tulokset perustuvat asiantuntija-arvioihin sekä biotooppikarttaan, joka on koostettu lukuisista paikkatietolähteistä (tutkimusartikkelin Supplementary data 1). Nämä tulokset eivät siis korvaa tarkempia luontoselvityksiä. Ei sellaisenaan suunnittelukäyttöön. Minkäänlaisia takuita tulosten oikeellisuudesta, virheettömyydestä tai käytettävyydestä ei myönnetä. Aineistoon tulee viitata käytettäessä.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Wolf J, Haase D, Kühn I (2020) The functional composition of the neophytic flora changes in response to environmental conditions along a rural-urban gradient. NeoBiota 54: 23-47. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.54.38898
: Data type: (measurement/occurrence/multimedia/etc.)
High-resolution (100 m) urban land surface dataset for the Hong Kong-Shenzhen area
<p>In recent years, with rapidly developing computational capabilities, high-resolution techniques have been continuously employed in the atmospheric models. Thus, researchers become capable of applying these high-resolution models to produce detailed meteorological scenarios, which empowers studies of urban-scale climatology which requires finer grid spacing. WRF ARW/Noah LSM/UCM model is often used in urban climate researches. However, the default input land surface data in urban areas is not enough precise, especially for the data describing in China. In this study, we developed a series of methods to produce the high-resolution urban land surface dataset which includes the land cover, vegetation coverage, urban morphology, artificial impervious area and anthropogenic heat data in Hong Kong-Shenzhen area. Moreover, a sensitivity test was conducted to examine the influence of urban land surface data accuracy on urban climate modeling quality. In short, the article proposes the methodological framework for producing the urban land surface dataset and presents how the urban land surface accuracy affects urban climate modeling quality.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.