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Fig. 21 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 21. Fringe on sternum 5 of males (arrow showing the fringe). A. Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802). B. L. medinai (Vachal, 1895).

Fig. 2 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 2. Colouration and relative size of the species and subspecies. A–B. Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802), ♀ and ♂. C–D. L. medinai (Vachal, 1895), ♀ and ♂ (holotype). E–F. L. villosulum arabicum Ebmer, 2008, ♀ and ♂.

Fig. 4 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 4. Ultrametric tree constructed using Bayesian inference and based on 29 haplotype sequences (658bp) of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene of specimens currently identified as Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802), Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895) and one as Lasioglossum berberum (Benoist, 1941). Each label corresponds to one roman letter which encompasses all sequence from a haplotype (for more details see Table 3). A. Lasioglossum medinai; B–D: three supported clusters (a fourth cluster could be defined in C) within Lasioglossum villosulum. This phylogenetic tree is rooted using Lasioglossum bluethgeni Ebmer, 1971 as outgroup (label III, voucher AP222). Posterior probabilities are given at nodes. The three colour gradients on the tree correspond to morphological delineation. Results of the species delimitations analyses are represented on the right side of the figure: the Bayesian Poisson Tree Process (bPTP) analyses based on the trees obtained using Bayesian inference (BI) or maximum likelihood (ML); The Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) analysis resulting in seven candidate species (using the single threshold represented as a red line on the tree) and five alternative scenarios. Numbers at the top of the columns corresponds to the number of candidate species in the GMYC analysis.

Fig. 1 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 1. Distribution of Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802) throughout the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions.

Fig. 15 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 15. Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895), holotype, ♂. A. Head. B. Scutum. C. Propodeum. D. Metasoma.

Fig. 23 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 23. Lasioglossum berberum (Benoist, 1941), holotype, ♂. A. Head. B. Scutum. C. Propodeum. D. First tergum. E. Metasoma.

Fig. 3 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 3. Trees constructed using maximum likelihood (above) and Bayesian inference (below) and based on 29 haplotype sequences (658bp) of the cytochrome oxidase c subunit I gene of specimens currently identified as Lasioglossum villosulum (Kirby, 1802), Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895) and one as Lasioglossum berberum (Benoist, 1941). Each label corresponds to one roman letter which encompasses all sequences from a haplotype (for more details see Table 3). A, Lasioglossum medinai; B–D: Lasioglossum villosulum. Label highlighted in blue corresponds to L. berberum. This phylogenetic tree is rooted using Lasioglossum bluethgeni Ebmer, 1971 as outgroup (label III, voucher AP222). Bootstrap support (%) and posterior probabilities are given at nodes.

Fig. 10. Halictus villiersi Benoist, 1941 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 10. Halictus villiersi Benoist, 1941, holotype, ♀. A. Head. B. Scutum. C. Propodeum. D. First tergum. E. Metasoma.

Fig. 18 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 18. Punctation of the first tergum of females. A. Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895) (France: Uchaux). B. L. villosulum (Kirby, 1802) (France: Visan).

Fig. 14. Lasioglossum villosulum arabicum Ebmer, 2008 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 14. Lasioglossum villosulum arabicum Ebmer, 2008, ♂ (UAE). A. Head. B. Scutum. C. Propodeum. D. First tergum. E. Metasoma.

Fig. 9. Halictus rufotegularis Cockerell, 1938 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 9. Halictus rufotegularis Cockerell, 1938, holotype, ♀. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Head. C. Scutum. D. Propodeum. E. First tergum. F. Metasoma.

Fig. 12. Heads. A in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 12. Heads. A. Lasioglossum villosulum villosulum (Kirby, 1802), ♀ (France, Allier). B. L. medinai, ♀ (France, Vaucluse). C. L. villosulum trichopse (Strand, 1914), ♀ (Taiwan). D. Idem, ♂.

Fig. 17 in Integrative taxonomy resuscitates two species in the Lasioglossum villosulum complex (Kirby, 1802) (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Halictidae)

Fig. 17. Propodeum sculpture of females. A. Lasioglossum medinai (Vachal, 1895) (France: Uchaux). B. L. villosulum (Kirby, 1802).

Fig. 16 in Revision of the South African endemic bee genus Redivivoides Michener, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae)

Fig. 16. Redivivoides variabilis sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Scutum and scutellum. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S6 (ventral view). E. S7 (dorsal view). F. S8, apical end (backscattered electron image). G. Genitalia (dorsal view). H. Genitalia (lateral view). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 11 in Revision of the South African endemic bee genus Redivivoides Michener, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae)

Fig. 11. Redivivoides namaquaensis sp. nov., ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Scutum and scutellum. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S6 (ventral view). E. S7 (dorsal view). F. S8, apical end (backscattered electron image). G. Genitalia (dorsal view). H. Genitalia (lateral view). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 9 in Revision of the South African endemic bee genus Redivivoides Michener, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae)

Fig. 9. Distribution of Redivivoides eardleyi sp. nov., R. kamieskroonensis sp. nov. and R. namaquaensis sp. nov. in South Africa.

Fig. 10 in Revision of the South African endemic bee genus Redivivoides Michener, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae)

Fig. 10. Redivivoides namaquaensis sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Head. C. Scutum and scutellum. D. Metasoma (dorsal view). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in Revision of the South African endemic bee genus Redivivoides Michener, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae)

Fig. 7. Redivivoides karooensis sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Head. C. Scutum and scutellum. D. Metasoma (dorsal view). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Revision of the South African endemic bee genus Redivivoides Michener, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae)

Fig. 6. Redivivoides kamieskroonensis sp. nov., ♀. A. Lateral view. B. Head. C. Scutum and scutellum. D. Metasoma (dorsal view). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Fig. 13. Redivivoides simulans Michener, 1981 in Revision of the South African endemic bee genus Redivivoides Michener, 1981 (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Melittidae)

Fig. 13. Redivivoides simulans Michener, 1981, ♂. A. Lateral view. B. Scutum and scutellum. C. Metasoma (dorsal view). D. S6 (ventral view). E. S7 (dorsal view). F. S8, apical end (backscattered electron image). G. Genitalia (dorsal view). H. Genitalia (lateral view). Scale bar: 1 mm.