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Fig. 7 in Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia

Fig. 7. Cephalopods of the Siuge Member of Porkuni, Estonia. A. Strandoceras orvikui sp. nov., TUG 1227/ 27, holotype, dorsal view (A1), lateral view (A2), ventral view (A3). B. Strandoceras orvikui sp. nov., TUG 1227/28. C. Parvihebetoceras wahli sp. nov., TUG 1227/13, holotype, in lateral view, left (C1) and right (C2), note the convex outline of the body chamber. D. Piersaloceras gageli Teichert, 1930, TUG 1227/32, in lateral (D1) and ventral (D2) views. E. Eriditidae gen. et sp. indet., TUG 101/66a, in lateral view, see also Fig. 4A. F. Porkunioceras tuba sp. nov., TUG 1227/24, holotype, complete specimen, in dorsal (F1), lateral (F2), and ventral (F3) views. G. Pomerantsoceras tibia sp. nov., TUG 1227/14, holotype, in ventral (G1), lateral (G2), and dorsal (G3) views. Scale bars 5 mm.

Fig. 6 in Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia

Fig. 6. Apices of cephalopods of the Siuge Member of Porkuni, Estonia. A.?Pomerantsoceras tibia sp. nov., TUG 1227/40, internal mould of the apex. B. Porkunioceras tuba sp. nov., TUG 1227/26, apical view (B1), lateral view (B2). C. Pomerantsoceras tibia sp. nov., TUG 1227/43, lateral view (C1), and apical view C2), note the cicatrix. D. Eriditidae gen. et sp. indet., TUG 1227/44, apical view (D1), note the lack of the cicatrix, lateral view (D2). E. Oncoceratidae gen. et sp. indet., TUG 1227/37, lateral view (E1), apical view (E2).

Fig. 5 in Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia

Fig. 5. Camera lucida drawings of median sections of A. Orthoceratidae gen. et sp. indet. A, TUG 1227/1. B. Eriditidae gen. et sp. indet., TUG 1227/44. C. Orthoceratidae gen. et sp. indet. B, TUG 1227/2.

Fig. 3 in Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia

Fig. 3. Detail of the Siuge Member of Porkuni, Estonia. Line drawing outlines the bedding surfaces in the bioclastic limestone. Shaded areas emphasize the fossiliferous chert nodule beds. The chert nodules occur occasionally at the bottom of small scaled channels and other topographic depressions.

Fig. 10 in Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia

Fig. 10. Polished median section of Strandoceras orvikui sp. nov., TUG 1227/30 from the Siuge Member, Porkuni, Estonia showing siphuncular tube near apex. In contrast to members of the Graciloceratidae, the siphuncular tube is thick and strongly expanded between the septa.

Fig. 4 in Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia

Fig. 4. Polished median sections of cephalopods of the Siuge Member of Porkuni, Estonia. A. Eriditidae gen. et spec. indet, TUG 101/66a, detail of a siphuncular segment showing the annular endosiphuncular deposits. B. Orthoceratidae gen. et spec. indet. A, TUG 1227/1. C. Parvihebetoceras wahli sp. nov., TUG 1227/10, note the asymmetrical development of the siphuncular necks. D. Pomerantsoceras tibia spec. nov. 1227/45, fragment of apical part. +

Fig. 1 in Concentrations of juvenile and small adult cephalopods in the Hirnantian cherts (Late Ordovician) of Porkuni, Estonia

Fig. 1. Distribution of Early Palaeozoic strata in Baltoscandia and position of Porkuni, Estonia within Baltoscandia. After Jaanusson (1976).

Fig. 2 in Sublethal injuries in Early Devonian cephalopod shells from Morocco

Fig. 2. Remains of orthoconic nautiloids with minor healed fractures ("forma substructa" of Hölder, 1973; a slightly more extensive fracture in D, F), Tafilalt, Morocco. A. Spyroceras patronus (Barrande, 1866), limestone, with shell, MB.C.9652, bed KMO−I, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 38 mm. B. Pseudorthoceratidae indet., limestone, with shell, MB.C.9675, bed KMO−II, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 27 mm. C. Orthocycloceras sp., MB.C.9655, bed KMO−II, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 33 mm. D. Spyroceras aff. patronus (Barrande, 1866), limestone, with shell, MB.C.9653, bed KMO−I, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, height of displayed detail 11 mm; this specimen and the one in F display two fractures, easily detectable by the course of the ribs after the fracture which gradually changes to the "normal" course, compensating for the shell loss. E. Pseudorthoceratidae indet., limestone, with shell, MB.C.9595, bed KMO−II, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 22.9 mm. F. Pseudorthoceratidae indet., PIMUZ 27030, limestone, with shell, latest Pragian or earliest Emsian, Gara Mdouara, length 175 mm. G. Anaspyroceras sp. aff. pseudocalamiteum (Barrande, 1868), limestone, with shell, MB.C.9680, bed KMO−III, Pragian, Filon Douce near Taouz, length 18.25 mm. H. Plagiostomoceras sp., limonitic internal mould, PIMUZ 27031, earliest Emsian, El Atrous, length 14.3 mm. I. Arionoceratidae indet., limestone, with shell, PIMUZ 27032, latest Pragian or earliest Emsian, Gara Mdouara, length 175 mm. The specimens of figures A–C and D–G were collected and photographed by Björn Kröger (Berlin). All specimens were coated with NH4Cl.

Fig. 3 in Sublethal injuries in Early Devonian cephalopod shells from Morocco

Fig. 3. Limonitic internal moulds of Devonobactrites obliquiseptatum (Sandberger and Sandberger, 1852) with minor healed injuries ("forma substructa" of Hölder, 1973) from the early Zlíchovian (early Emsian, Early Devonian) of the Tafilalt (Morocco). A. PIMUZ 7275, Ouidane Chebbi, note the small triangular fracture. B. PIMUZ 7273, Ouidane Chebbi, irregular insertion of ridges after injury. C. PIMUZ 27032, Oum El Jerane. D. PIMUZ 27033, Oum El Jerane; two injuries. E. MB.C.9545, bed EF, Filon Douze; note the deep fracture which extended over approximately one fourth of the body chamber length; at the posterior end of the fracture, two triangles can be seen as in C, reminding of other cephalopod bite−marks. F. PIMUZ 27034, Oum El Jerane; in this case, the mantle was most likely affected, causing the formation of a linear deformation in growth direction. G. PIMUZ 27040, south of Hassi Tachbit, near Ouidane Chebbi. H. PIMUZ 27035, Oum El Jerane; in contrast to most healed injuries, the apical end of the fracture is broad. I. PIMUZ 27036, Oum El Jerane. J. PIMUZ 27042, El Atrous, note the questionable terminal constriction, possibly indicating adulthood and not a malformation. K. PIMUZ 27037, Oum El Jerane. L. PIMUZ 27041, El Atrous; two injuries. M. PIMUZ 27038, Oum El Jerane. N. PIMUZ 27039, Oum El Jerane; like in F, the mantle was also affected, causing the formation of a linear deformation in growth direction. All specimens were coated with NH4Cl. The arrows indicate healed injuries unless otherwise stated.

Fig. 5 in Gladius shape variation in coleoid cephalopod Trachyteuthis from the Upper Jurassic Nusplingen and Solnhofen Plattenkalks

Fig. 5. Gladius of vampyropod coleoid Trachyteuthis nusplingensis sp. nov. A. Holotype (SMNS 63596), Upper Kimmeridgian (Hybonoticeras beckeri Zone), Nusplingen. A1, gladius seen in dorsal aspect; A2, close−up of A1 showing the granules at the anterior third of the gladius; A3, close−up of A1 showing the granules at the middle third of the gladius; A4, close−up of A1 showing the granules at the posterior third of the gladius. B. Specimen SMNS 63259, Upper Kimmeridgian (Hybonoticeras beckeri Zone), Nusplingen, gladius seen in dorsal aspect. C. Specimen SMNS 65345, Upper Kimmeridgian (Hybonoticeras beckeri Zone), Nusplingen, gladius seen in dorsal aspect.

Fig. 7 in Gladius shape variation in coleoid cephalopod Trachyteuthis from the Upper Jurassic Nusplingen and Solnhofen Plattenkalks

Fig. 7. Gladius and soft−parts of vampyropod coleoid Trachyteuthis cf. teudopsiformis sp. nov. A. Specimen SOS 1425a (specimen of Naef 1922: fig. 52), Lower Tithonian (Hybonoticeras hybonotum Zone), dorsal imprints; note on both sides of gladius the subcircular structures which Naef (1922) identified as fins. B. Close−up of A showing the gladius outline especially of the posterior part; note evidence of a granulated median keel in the anterior half. 20 mm

Fig. 4 in Gladius shape variation in coleoid cephalopod Trachyteuthis from the Upper Jurassic Nusplingen and Solnhofen Plattenkalks

Fig. 4. Gladius of vampyropod coleoid Trachyteuthis hastiformis (Rüppell, 1829). Specimen SOS 5762, Lower Tithonian (Hybonoticeras hybonotum Zone), Sappenfeld (Solnhofen area). A. Dorsal view. B. Close up of A showing the anterior mantle margin. Note that the gladius protrudes from the latter. C. Close−up of A showing position and shape of the paired fins. D. Close−up of A showing the granules at the anterior third of the gladius. E. Close−up of A showing the granules at the middle third of the gladius. F. Close−up of A showing the granules at the posterior third of the gladius.

Fig. 3 in Gladius shape variation in coleoid cephalopod Trachyteuthis from the Upper Jurassic Nusplingen and Solnhofen Plattenkalks

Fig. 3. Gladius of vampyropod coleoid Trachyteuthis hastiformis (Rüppell, 1829). A. Holotype (SMF IX1328), Lower Tithonian (Hybonoticeras hybonotum Zone), Mühlheim. A1, lower slab with gladius in dorsal aspect; A2, close−up of A1 showing the granulated area within the spindle−shaped elevation, which is flattened but easily visible in outlines; A3, original drawing of Rüppell (1829: pl. 3: 3). B. Specimen MARKM 1 (original of Meyer (1855: pl. 19: 1), Lower Tithonian (Hybonoticeras hybonotum Zone), Solnhofen area. B1, gladius in ventral aspect; B2, close−up of B1 showing the spindle−shape structure; B3, original drawing of Meyer (1855: pl. 19: 1).

Fig. 1 in Gladius shape variation in coleoid cephalopod Trachyteuthis from the Upper Jurassic Nusplingen and Solnhofen Plattenkalks

Fig. 1. Morphology, terminology and measurements of a vampyropod gladius. A. Trachyteuthis. B. Loligosepia.

Fig. 2 in Gladius shape variation in coleoid cephalopod Trachyteuthis from the Upper Jurassic Nusplingen and Solnhofen Plattenkalks

Fig. 2. Gladius shape variation in Trachyteuthis. A. Planar type. B. Nonplanar type. C. Keeled type. The granulated area is marked by a pointed line.

Fig. 6 in Gladius shape variation in coleoid cephalopod Trachyteuthis from the Upper Jurassic Nusplingen and Solnhofen Plattenkalks

Fig. 6. Gladius of vampyropod coleoid Trachyteuthis teudopsiformis sp. nov. A. Holotype (G 1306061), Lower Tithonian (Hybonoticeras hybonotum Zone), Blumenberg. A1, gladius seen in dorsal aspect; mm, mantle musculature; A2, close−up of A1 showing the granules at the anterior half of the gladius; A3, close−up of A1 showing the granules at the posterior half of the gladius. B. Paratype (MB.C.1002.4), Lower Tithonian (Hybonoticeras hybonotum Zone), Daiting. B1, gladius seen in ventral aspect; B2, close−up of B1 showing imprints of dorsal granules. C. Counterpart of the paratype (PIMUZ17826), gladius seen in dorsal aspect.

Fig. 20. Discoscaphites minardi, n in Cephalopods from the Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Interval on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with a Description of the Highest Ammonite Zones in North America. Part 1. Maryland and North Carolina

Fig. 20. Discoscaphites minardi, n.sp., dimorph indeterminate, AMNH loc. 3252, Severn Formation, Kent County, Maryland. A–D. AMNH 47298. A, Right lateral; B, apertural; C, ventral; D, left lateral. E–H. AMNH 49425. E, Right lateral, F, apertural; G, ventral; H, left lateral. I. AMNH 47296, left lateral. J–L. AMNH 47280. J, Right lateral; K, ventral; L, left lateral. M–O. AMNH 47479. M, Right lateral; N, apertural; O, ventral. P, Q. AMNH 49422. P, Right lateral; Q, ventral. R–U. AMNH 49424. R, Right lateral; S, apertural; T, ventral; U, left lateral. V–Y. AMNH 47285. V, Right lateral; W, apertural; X, ventral; Y, left lateral. All figures ×1.

Fig. 9 in Cephalopods from the Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Interval on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with a Description of the Highest Ammonite Zones in North America. Part 1. Maryland and North Carolina

Fig. 9. Approximate correlation of the samples from Maryland with the Santee Coastal Reserve (SCR) core (Edwards et al., 1999). The horizontal arrows indicate sample locations in the SCR core. Because calcareous nannofossil Subzone CC25c is missing in the SCR core, Zone CC25 is shown as undifferentiated. The time scale is based on Berggren et al. (1995) as interpreted for the SCR core by Edwards et al. (1999).

Fig. 15 in Cephalopods from the Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Interval on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with a Description of the Highest Ammonite Zones in North America. Part 1. Maryland and North Carolina

Fig. 15. Ammonites from the upper part of the Severn Formation, Round Bay, presumably on the western shore of the Severn River, Anne Arundel County, Maryland. A, B, G–O. Discoscaphites iris (Conrad, 1858). A, B. USNM 525325, macroconch. A, Ventral; B, left lateral. G, H. USNM 525329, microconch. G, Right lateral; H, ventral. I. USNM 525328, macroconch, right lateral. J, K. USNM 525330, fragment. J, Ventral; K, left lateral. L, M. USMN 525327, microconch. L, Ventral; M, left lateral. N, O. USNM 525326, microconch. N, Right lateral; O, ventral. C, D. Discoscaphites cf. D. iris (Conrad, 1858), USNM 525323, macroconch. C, Left lateral; D, ventral. E, F. Discoscaphites cf. D.

Fig. 8 in Cephalopods from the Cretaceous/Tertiary Boundary Interval on the Atlantic Coastal Plain, with a Description of the Highest Ammonite Zones in North America. Part 1. Maryland and North Carolina

Fig. 8. Proposed ammonite zonation of the upper Maastrichtian on the Gulf and Atlantic Coastal Plain and the corresponding zones in the U.S. Western Interior. The base of each zone is defined by the lowest occurrence of the index ammonite. The ammonite zones are correlated with the established calcareous nannofossil zonation based on the biostratigraphic distribution of the dinoflagellates and nannofossils associated with the ammonites in Maryland and North Carolina. The D. minardi Zone has not yet been recognized in the Gulf Coastal Plain. Correlation with the ammonite zones in the Western Interior is based on the presence of Discoscaphites conradi and Isabelidinium cooksoniae.